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17 free and helpful things, that everyone can take advantage of

Dolly Parton's Imagination Library They send an age appropriate book once a month if you have a child younger than 5.

Project Gutenberg Lots of free classic books.

Library Genesis A great place to look for and download college/university textbooks for free, as well as other books.

Scihub Endless Free college books. (and peer-reviewed scientific publications that are otherwise hidden behind a paywall)

Khan Academy Free knowledge that you can use to clep out of university courses, or to simply invest your time in a worthwhile topic.

Openlearn UK’s Open University - free courses for all levels of study, samples of university materials, study skills and tie-ins to BBC documentaries. Everything under Creative Commons licence so you can use it as you see fit.

Duolingo The Green Owl of Languages. There are a few hundred that it teaches and the mobile app makes it easy to do anywhere while waiting (!warning! only good for Spanish, German, French, Dutch, Esperanto, and English. with anything else it gets very low-quality and short.).

Codecademy An awesome site to learn how to use some programming languages. Doesn't get into the really advanced stuff, but it's good for a start.

Photopea Completely free Photoshop clone that has all the basic features of Photoshop, using basically the same interface.

Gimp Another free version of Photoshop.

Unsplash Stock of free photos of just about anything, provided by the photographers themselves, to do with what you like.

Futureme You can write letters to yourself (or other people) in the future! You can also make notifications and reminders of a +doctors appointments or anything else important.

Heavens Above You can look up all the satellites flying over your house tonight, including the ISS, Hubble Space Telescope, those pesky Starlink satellites, and whatever else your heart desires, complete with star maps and precise timing. And there is an Android app, but unfortunately no iOS one last I checked. (For iOS you can use “Sputnik!” which is free and tells, when ISS and Hubble passes overhead.)

Night Sky Other astronomy app for iOS. If you hold your phone to the sky the app tells you what you're looking at (or point it at the ground for a view from the other side of the planet). Zoom in with two fingers and tons of deep space stuff is revealed.

Freecycle its literally people giving away stuff they don't need/want any more that they can't/don't care enough to sell.

Nexus Mods Has thousands of video game mods (for 1,509 PC games), made by independent content creators, available to download at no cost.

Archive The Archive aka Internet Archive is a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, software, music, websites, and so much more... For example a lot of DOS games (classics like Prince of Persia, Oregon Trail, DOOM, Monkey island, Rayman, Turtles), directly playable through the browser.

My earlier list

More things to do

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⬇ make a webpage right now its free ⬇

neocities.org 👈 for website hosting

internetingishard.com 👈 for coding tutorial

w3schools.com 👈 for a searchable index of every html and css term under the sun and live examples of how each one works

sadgrl.online 👈 for a layout builder, if you dont want to do everything from scratch

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COMPILING

compiling has four steps:

1. preprocessing:

- "#" are called "preprocessor directives" and the compiler handles this type of code specially.

- the preprocessor looks for hash includes and finds those files you want to include and preprocesses them, (basically the equivalent of c/p them at the top of the doc).

- finds and replaces hash symbols basically.

2. compiling:

- converts preprocessed source code into assembly.

- assembly instructions are very low level.

3. assembling

- converts assembly into machine code (binary).

4. linking

- links all the files with zeros and ones together. ex: linking stdio.c, cs50.c and hello.c to run a simple program.

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COMPILING CODE

make is sort of a "utility" that comes on a lot of systems that makes it easier to use an actual compiler to compile code on your pc/device.

in C, make runs this command called clang (short for C language).

programs that you compile yourself are called a.out (meaning assembly output) by default.

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS

- Some programs support command line arguments.

- Type after the name of your program and it modifies behaviour.

- Ex: for clang you can do clang -o [insert file name here] [file you want to link] if you want to explicitly name your file.

-then if you want to import programs to use you gotta do -l[program name] after the thing above lol.

clang is the compiler but make is the utility (that calls upon clang) that is more commonly used because it automates the tedious process of having to call upon all those command line arguments.

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Method and Constructor Overloading

(From Java MOOC)

Typically, in order to "overload" a constructor you would copy and paste it and change the parameters.

In order to avoid repetitive code, what you can do is when creating another constructor, call upon the original constructor (the one with the most parameters) and send in default parameters.

Example below of overloading. The first constructor only takes in one parameter and sets a default parameter for the rest.

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Method Overloading

Method overloading is redefining methods with the same name with different parameters. This allows the method to do different things based on the arguments provided.

Read more examples about it here

Because constructors are also methods you can overload constructors to take in a different number of arguments. (You can have a constructor take in three args then "overload" aka redefine it again to take in two).

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Constructors

(From Java T Point, Java MOOC)

You need a constructor to create objects of the class. Constructors are a special type of method used to initialize a class.

CONSTRUCTORS MUST HAVE THE SAME NAME AS THE CLASS.

Everytime a new object is created with new() a constructor method is called.

If you do not write a constructor Java will create a default constructor for you. In this case:

Primitives will be assigned the default value "0"

Object references will be assigned the default value null

There are two types of constructors. No-args and parameterized.

No-args constructors: as the name suggests they take in no arguments. This means default (remember default means anything the programmer didn't define themselves) constructors are a type of no-args constructors, however, you can still set "default" values in no-args constructors.

Parameterized constructors take in parameters when the object is called upon. Parameterized constructors act sort of as a mediator and link the instance variables and parameters (arguments) together.

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Classes and Objects - Analogy

(From Java MOOC)

Imagine you're going to build a detached house. A class would be the equivalent of a blueprint of the house. I would use this blueprint as a template to define the default attributes of the house (ex. is there a chimney? what colour? how many floors? does the house have heating?). These attributes are anything that the house can do (behaviour aka methods) and anything about the house that can be altered (traits aka instance variables).

An object would be a single house built using the class. It is an "instance" or snapshot of a class.