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Blackjack History

The current popularity of blackjack arose from the tempting possibility that players can gain an advantage and cheat the casino. From Dr. Edward O. Thorp's bestselling book, Beat the Dealer, dramatically increased the skill level and the number of blackjack players in the casino. Blackjack has been, for almost 50 years, one of the favorite casino games of mathematicians and analysts. More has been written about blackjack than any other casino game. Before the expansion of online poker, blackjack was a much more popular topic for analysis than poker.

Despite all the analysis, most of those who write about blackjack have paid little attention to the history of blackjack. In 2006, the main blackjack expert Arnold Snyder, in "The Big Book of Blackjack" (The Big Book of Blackjack) by Cardoza Publishing, investigated the origins and games that preceded blackjack. David Parlett, a British author and inventor of games, also made numerous online and book publications about the history of blackjack.

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Blackjack history: early years The first game with those elements was the Spanish game called Blackjack (21). Miguel de Cervantes, better known as Don Quijote, wrote Rinconete y Cortadillo, which was published as one of his twelve exemplary novels in 1613. A gambling game called "Ventiuna" appears in written works dating back to approximately 1440 (although there are several unrelated games that are called the same).

In England, there was a variant of this game called bone ace during the 17th century. In the history of Cervantes and in "bone ace", as described by Charles Cotton in The Complete Gamester (1674), an ace can be worth one or eleven. A French predecessor of blackjack called quinze (15) first appeared in the sixteenth century and was popular in the casinos of France in the early nineteenth century. An Italian card game called sette e mezzo (seven and a half) was played at the beginning of the 17th century. The "sette and mezzo" included a deck of 40 cards (not including the eight, nine or ten). The remaining cards corresponded to their numerical value; the figures were worth half.

In Belgium, another French game, trente-et-quarante (30 and 40), was also played at the Spa Casino in 1780. Unlike most of these early games, in the "Trente-et-quarante", the house it was banking, that is, the casino played against the players, winning or paying the bets they made. This game was also the first version that offered an insurance bet.

The rules of modern blackjack came together in the French game vingt-un (or Vingt-et-un "21") in the mid-18th century. Among the enthusiasts who promoted the game in France in the late 1700s and early 1800s were Madame Du Barry and Napoleon Bonaparte.

Blackjack history: from the 19th to the 21st century. In the United States in the 19th century, the casinos finally adopted two rules that made the game more favorable for players: they could see one of the cards of the dealer, and the dealer had to get hands of 16 or less and stand with 17 or more At the beginning of the 20th century, the game became better known as blackjack due to a promotion (which was briefly tested and discarded in the long run) that consisted of paying a bonus if the player added 21 with the ace of spades and a black jack (jacks of clover or spades).

Following the popular academic research of Dr. Thorp and subsequent players and analysts, blackjack became the most popular board game in casinos. Although the casinos benefited from the development of the basic strategy and card counting, they have generally advised against the practice. Although numerous court rulings have established that counting cards is not a way of cheating, casinos in most jurisdictions have the right to prohibit the entry of players for any reason. Private casinos also modify the rules of blackjack (which sometimes differ from one table to another): different amounts of decks, different decks of decks, the house asks for a card or is planted with a soft 17, limits to divide or fold, and possibility or inability to give up.

In books like "The Big Player" (The Big Player, 1977) by Ken Uston and Bringing Down the House (2002) by Ben Mezrich, the fortunes that won (and sometimes lost) teams of card counters in blackjack are described. Mezrich's book became the famous movie 21.