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Damaged Optic Nerve? Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

The optic nerve is responsible for connecting the back of each eye with the brain by sending visual signals. If it is damaged it can cause loss of vision or even blindness, says eye doctor in Rohini.

What is the optic nerve?

The optic nerve is responsible for transporting the visual stimuli that the retina receives to the area of the brain that processes the visual information, located in the occipital lobe. Therefore, any lesion in any of its branches can cause partial or total blindness of the eye, says eye surgeon in Rohini.

It consists of approximately 1.2 million fibers and can be divided into 4 portions:

intraocular, intraorbital, intracanicular and intracranial. The total length of the optic nerve is approximately 5 centimeters and its tissue does not regenerate, so if they stop performing if there is any type of alteration or their fibers die, vision loss is irreversible, explains eye surgeon in Pitampura.

Damaged optic nerve: causes

Glaucoma

The glaucoma is a disease that occurs when the fluid pressure inside the eye rises and damages the optic nerve. Depending on the severity of damage to the optic nerve, vision loss is greater or lesser.

Druses

Symptoms of vision loss due to drusen appear gradually. If the optic nerve is damaged, there is a decrease in the central visual quality. As a result it can also cause a choroidal neovascular membrane (abnormal vessel that grows under the retina).

Optic neuritis

It is an inflammation of the optic nerve due to lack of irrigation in the blood flow. It is related to diseases with the immune system such as multiple sclerosis, exposure to radiation or toxic substances, the intake of some drugs or trauma.

Damaged optic nerve: symptoms

The main symptoms are:

Loss of total or partial view.

Damage of an optic nerve: damage occurs between one eye and the optic chiasma (where the two nerves meet).

Possible eye pain when trying to move the eyes.

Loss of peripheral vision if nerve damage is located where the two nerves (chiasma) meet.

Loss of brightness or brightness of the environment and / or objects.

Diagnosis of the damaged optic nerve

Tests that are performed to assess an alteration of the optic nerve at eye centre in Rohini are included in a complete study of the eye:

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): this is a non-invasive imaging test for the detailed exploration of the retina, specifically the macula eyepiece and the optic nerve.

Visual acuity test from far and near.

Ophthalmoscopy: the doctor illuminates the inside of the eye with a bright light to examine the structures in the back of the eye.

Campimetry: This test is essential to detect pathologies such as glaucoma or alterations in the nerve fibers of the optic nerve. The patient’s visual ability is analyzed.

Treatment of optic nerve injury

According to the eye doctor in Pitampura, The treatment will depend on the severity of the injury that is diagnosed in the patient. Therefore, there are treatments that allow you to recover vision for some disorders but not for others. In some cases, the treatment could even reveal the loss of vision that the patient would reach.

The ophthalmologists of our Retina Unit recommend visiting a eye specialist in Rohini as soon as possible for the early detection of any disease that could seriously compromise our vision.

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Watery Eyes: Causes and Treatment

The eyes must be well lubricated to stay healthy, with this objective there is a gland that produces the tears necessary to ensure lubrication of the eye. When blinking, the tear extends over the surface of the eye and the excess tear is pumped into a small conduit that ends in the nose.

What is the watery eye?

The tear is essential for the eyes to remain healthy, but excessive tearing is a problem that can cause discomfort and is relatively frequent, so much so that it has become one of the most recurring reasons for consulting the ophthalmologist, suggests Eye Doctor in Pitampura.

Types of teary eye

Watery eyes may occur in adults and in babies.

Watery eyes in babies

Watery eyes are a common problem in babies, occurring in up to 20-30% of newborns. The problem is usually solved in a large part of the cases spontaneously or through eye massages.

If after the first year of life, the tearing persists, it is advisable to perform a tear catheterization, a very simple process with a high success rate, says Eye Doctor in Rohini.

Watery eyes in adults

Tearing in adults is caused by various causes. Many times it occurs due to obstruction of the tear duct, which runs from the tear point to the nose.

The obstruction can occur at any point of the tear duct. When this problem exists, it is necessary to treat it to avoid infections and that acute dacryocystitis occurs which is very painful.

The treatment of tear obstruction is surgical by means of the so-called dacryocystorrinostomy, informs the Eye Surgeon in Pitampura.

Causes of watery eyes

The most common causes of watery eyes are upper respiratory infections and allergies that affect the nose, eyes, or both.

Other causes are:

Dry eye: the tear glands produces tears in a reflex way to eye irritation.

Inwardly turned eyelashes that come into contact with the eyeball.

Eyelid turned out: the tear point moves away from its normal position thus preventing it from performing its function of draining tears

Acquired dacryostenosis: the tear ducts narrow. It is a problem associated with aging.

Dacryocystitis: Chronic infections in the tear sac.

Disorders that irritate the cornea, such as scratches, corneal ulcers, foreign bodies in the eye, or inflammation of the cornea, can increase tear production.

Symptoms of the watery eye

Excessive tearing is not the only symptom of watery eyes, there is also an excess of mucus, irritation and swelling in the inner corner of the eye.

Tears that accumulate in the duct can become infected, causing pain and inflammation in the inner part of the eyelids.

Diagnosis of the teary eye

When going to an Eye Centre in Rohini, doctor will ask the patient a series of questions about the symptoms he presents and his medical history, then carry out a physical examination, in order to determine the cause of the watery eyes.

The doctor asks the patient if he has:

Redness, irritation or pain in the eyes.

Itching, runny nose or sneezing.

Discomfort, inflammation or pain in the inner corner of the eye.

Other symptoms such as headache, fever, rashes …

Infections, burn injuries or eye surgery, or related to the nose or sinuses.

Treatment with drugs that can cause watery eyes.

After asking these questions, the doctor will perform a physical examination focused on the patient’s face, especially the eyes and nose, checking if tears fall down the cheeks.

You will also explore the eyelids, lacrimal points and the area of ​​the internal ocular corners, as well as the surface of the eye using a slit lamp to observe the eye at high magnification. In addition, it will check for congestion, blockage, pus, discharge or nasal bleeding.

Teary eye treatment

The cause of watery eyes should be taken into account to determine the appropriate treatment to solve the problem. The ophthalmologist will be the professional who will indicate the treatment.

When the problem is caused by obstruction of the tear ducts, the treatment may or may not be surgical. The most common surgery to solve it is dacryocystorrinostomy, explains the Eye Surgeon in Rohini.

In cases of conjunctivitis, the doctor usually prescribes a medication taking into account the cause of it.

If the watery eyes are caused by poorly corrected vision problems, the solution is to make a correct graduation and resort to glasses, contact lenses or even refractive surgery, whose most common technique is the operation of laser myopia to correct the defect.

When the patient suffers from keratitis, the treatment will depend on the cause that caused it.

If watery eyes are caused by a dry eye problem, there are different treatment options, from the use of artificial tears or gels, to tear plugs.

Watery Eye Prevention

The watery eye cannot be prevented in most cases. When the problem is caused by a nasal infection or conjunctivitis, it is important to treat them properly. Injuries to the eyes should also be avoided, to prevent tear blockage.

Before the symptoms of the watery eye, you should see an Eye Specialist in Rohini as soon as possible to determine the cause and receive the appropriate treatment to give you a solution.

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Solutions for Presbyopia or Eyestrain

100% of the world population with a high life expectancy will develop presbyopia or eyestrain   throughout their lives. This fact is explained because tired eyesight is one of the signs of normal eye aging of the eye, along with the development of the cataract. It is something natural, such as the appearance of wrinkles on the skin or gray hair.

According to eye doctor in Rohini, Presbyopia occurs because the lens, which is the natural lens that the eye has to focus on nearby objects, undergoes a deterioration process over the years that implies on the one hand the loss of elasticity of its anterior capsule (elasticity necessary to change the anterior curvature of the lens and focus), and on the other hand there is also the loss of contraction of the ciliary muscles, responsible for that change of lens shape to be able to perform the approach in close proximity. The sum of these two facts is that which leads to the emergence of presbyopia, which results in, for example, a progressive loss of reading ability, explains eye specialist in Rohini.

One of the  symptoms of presbyopia is the difficulty of being able to read at a distance of 30-40 centimeters, we see the text blurred. The way to compensate for this difficulty is the tendency to withdraw the text so that the lens does not need to focus so much and be able to continue reading. This maneuver, along with the need to read with more light, they will be able to perform for a while. But at the moment in which the separation implies having the arm fully stretched, it is time to have to put in place the non-physiological mechanisms of correction of the eyestrain, approximately one diopter and a half (the maximum in presbyopia is three diopters). This usually occurs around 45-50 years, depending on the strength of each person's focus muscles, only myopia (not much graduation), can compensate for the lack of focus by removing the glasses, says eye doctor in Pitampura.

Fortunately there are solutions for eyestrain. The simplest and oldest are the glasses, both for emétropes and for people with previous graduation defects. There are also contact lenses, in this case multifocal, since the lenses cannot be put on and taken off every time we look closely and look far away.

But there are also surgical solutions, that either with the use of the laser (as in the operations of myopia, farsightedness or astigmatism), or with inlays or with intraocular lenses have been practiced successfully for years, says eye surgeon in Rohini.

The most useful laser option would be to make a monovision, that is, an intervention in which we would leave the dominant eye adjusted for far vision and the non-dominant nearsighted eye for near. It requires some brain adaptation, but it has the advantage that it is reversible, although being honest, what it allows is to delay the use of the glasses for about 5 to 10 years since presbyopia will probably continue to rise, therefore this solution is not definitive, explains eye surgeon in Pitampura.

A similar solution is to implant an inlay in the thickness of the cornea. An inlay is a device similar to a pinhole (hole), which increases the depth of focus, which would improve near vision. The operation is similar to the one of the monovision with laser, but neither it avoids the use of glasses of near permanent way.

Today, the best solution available at eye centre in Rohini for the compensation of presbyopia is surgery for the extraction of the lens and subsequent replacement by a trifocal lens, which will allow us to focus at all distances. They are really working well, and are the best option for patients over 50 years.

In addition with this solution, the lens has already been replaced (what we usually do later, in cataract operations, an operation that is the most practiced surgery in the world), so the person will no longer develop cataracts nor should they operate them.

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EAR INFECTION

Overview

According to ENT Doctor in Pitampura, an ear infection can occur in people of all ages but is most common among young children, between 3 months and 3 years old, usually as a complication of a common cold.

In a healthy child, the middle ear is filled with air. The sound waves enter the ear canal, causing the eardrum to vibrate and thus allowing the child to hear. If the middle ear is filled with fluid, the vibrations of the eardrum are limited. This produces a decrease in hearing or temporary deafness.

The air in the middle ear travels through a tube connecting the ear to the back of the nose. That tube is the Eustachian tube regulates the pressure and drain and control liquid in the middle ear.

In a young child's eustachian tube it is shorter, flat and horizontal than that of an adult. As a result the middle ear can not be achieved completely drained and can penetrate infected from the back of the nose liquids easily. That's why children are more likely to develop an ear infection, explains ENT Doctor in Rohini.

Acute otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear. Viruses and bacteria can reach the throat to the middle ear through the eustachian tube and occasionally through the bloodstream, causing acute otitis media.

The eardrum becomes inflamed and if it broken, the ear discharge may be bloody at first and then turn into a clear liquid to eventually become pus.

A simple infection, if not treated properly, can have serious consequences, from facial paralysis, hearing loss even inflammation of the membrane covering the brain (meningitis), says ENT Specialist in Rohini.

Signs of complications include headache, sudden profound hearing loss, vertigo, chills and fever.

Symptom

Symptoms include:

intense earache

High fever

Irritability

Sickness

Threw up

Mood changes.

Toddlers can not say that hurts the ear but often rub and cry a lot. * Do not want to eat and constantly wake overnight.

If you have these symptoms you should visit ENT Clinic in Rohini immediately.

Causes

The eustachian tube runs from the middle ear to the back of the throat. This tube drains fluid that normally occurs in the middle ear. If the eustachian tube becomes blocked, fluid can build up, which can cause infection. Ear infections are common in infants and children, in part because their eustachian tubes become clogged easily. Ear infections can also occur in adults, although they are less common than in children. Anything that causes inflammation or blockage of the Eustachian tubes causes more fluid to accumulate in the middle ear behind the eardrum, explains ENT Surgeon in Rohini.

Treatment

If, after reviewing it, the doctor confirms that there is an infection in the middle ear prescribe the use of any antibiotics. If hearing some kind of liquid flows, it is also advisable to use drops to control the infection and the use of any painkiller for fever and pain that sometimes becomes very intense.

If the     pressure in the ear causes too intense pain the ENT Surgeon in Pitampura may perform a myringotomy, which involves making an incision through the eardrum to allow the fluid to drain from the middle ear. The incision is closed in a span of one week.

When a case of chronic otitis media occurs, ie a lasting or recurring infection injury tympani can perform a myringotomy to inspect and repair the lesion area. a thin tube is inserted into the opening of the eardrum to favor the escape of liquid and allow air in the middle ear.

An ear infection unkept can have complications so it is very important not     to miss a sore ear or any of these symptoms, especially in children. A child's brain develops through their five senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Temporary loss of any of them can affect the proper development of the child.

A recent medical research, found that children who frequently have ear infections or fluid in the ears chronically, are predisposed to suffer hearing damage resulting delays in language and speech. They also get low scores on intelligence tests, even after correcting the condition.

A persistent problem can have a significant impact on the proper development of the child.