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1. Subjectivity:
“The subject assumes different identities at different times, identities which are not unified around a coherent ‘self’,” (Hall et al. 1996, p. 598). This is caused by exposure to certain surroundings, situations and people, creating changes which mould people's views and ideas over time. “The only black thing at a funeral should be the colour of your skin” (Enoch and Mailman, 1996, p.7) brings to light personal family traditions which have influenced the individual in the play “7 Stages of Grieving”. This presents the life of Aboriginal people today, as well as personal history which influences both Enoch and Mailman, to produce this work and present their personal experiences.
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2. Essentialism:
This is the idea of a person having a "centre" or an “inner core” which we are all born with the belief is that this “centre” inside of us remains throughout our existence. “The essential centre of the self was a person's identity” (Hall et al. 1996,. p. 597). The centre which is in people can be seen in Ramsey’s film, Rise of the Guardians, explaining a person centre using matryoshka dolls (Russian nesting dolls); shown in the shortened film clip above. It explains that although we have exterior parts to our identity, the smallest doll is our centre, a major and base part of our identity. This base of our identity guides us to look at things in different perspectives and behave certain ways that are true to part of our inner being.
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3. Unconscious:
This aspect of a person is not the conscious part of our identity and can be accessed through dreams, parapraxis and jokes. This is the part of our brain which we have no control over and we are often not aware of this part of ourselves. “Freud saw in dreams the existence not only of a part of the mind in the shadow of conscious awareness but one that was radically different, even opposed to consciousness.” (Mansfield 2000, p.28). Modernist poets also explored the idea of the unconsciousness using techniques in their works such as ‘stream of consciousness’. “And miles to go before I sleep” (Frost, ‘Stopping By Woods On a Snowy Evening’, 15-16) also refers accessing the unconsciousness in his sleep.
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4. Overdetermination:
“Freudian theory…[argues] that all psychological (and, by corollary, cultural) material is overdetermined. This means that even the most trivial behaviours…”, such as the foods we like to eat, or preference in colours, “are the focus and expression of the most plural and deep psychological complexity” (Mansfield 2000, p. 29).
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5. Sensory Knowledge:
As a practitioner working in a space, with people and an audience; sensory knowledge is essential in understanding your surroundings. In my work this involves being aware of the space, to ensure the audience views are not obstructed. Sensory knowledge can also involve sculpting where touch is what creates the artwork such as in Venus of Willendorf, 28,000–25,000 BC. This type of sensory knowledge also links to our centre relating to Freud's conceptions of our primal ideas. ‘The primal fantasies deal with the major enigmas of a child's early life, enigmas which concern the origin of the individual, the origin of sexuality, and the origin of sexual difference’ (Creed 1988, p. 98)
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6. Creative Influence:
Creative influence is formed from digital and hybrid environments, as well as natural and human environments, shaping our identity also. Surroundings that cause an effect on us are what causes practitioners to be influenced. One of the most influential artworks is the Mona Lisa, 1503, with many artists wanting to pay tribute to it or present it in a way which presents their creative identity many having reinterpretations of the painting. One of these reinterpretations was drawn by Raffaello Sanzio, (c. 1504–1507), shown below. In my practice, I will need to observe other practitioners creations in order to create performances which appeal directly to audiences.
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7. Authenticity:
Being authentic in your creative practice is staying true to yourself and who you are as a practitioner. ‘[C]onfession is considered to bear a special stamp of authenticity…[I]t has become...a crucial mode of self-examination...a dominant form of self-expression, one that bears special witness to personal truth...truth of the self and to the self have become the markers of authenticity’ (Brooks 2001, p. 9). Being authentic means that the work that you produce is your own and is related to your own sense of self as a practitioner. The song Word up (originally written and sung by Cameo, 1986) was classed as an R&B/soul genre; although when partially re-written and performed by the girl group Little Mix (2014), the genre changed to pop as they reinterpreted the song, being authentic to their style of music (shown below).
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8. Creative Identity:
This is how as a practitioner you are and also how it is presented to your audience. An artist who has a strong, changing and influential creative identity is Taylor Swift. Taylor Swift is constantly upfront about her creative identity and as an artist presents this as the focal point in her work. As she changes as a person her styles in her creative works change with her shown in the video clip below, Taylor clearly states the “old Taylor” is “dead”. “Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. Man's life is independent. He is born not for the development of the society alone, but for the development of his self.”(B.R. Ambedkar, Writings And Speeches: A Ready Reference Manual).
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9. Fractured Identity:
“Within us are contradictory identities pulling in different directions so that our identifications are continuously being shifted about,” (Hall et al. 1996, p. 598). The idea of having a permanent ‘centre’ that we are born with is also placed with the ideas of having a fractured identity as mixed emotions and actions are created in changing environments. “We create an identity that embodies the illusion of wholeness.” (Barker, p.227). Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853–1890), displays images of a fractured identity as he separated his mental state from his individual state, presenting himself as the city and his confusion as the sky.
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10. Social Identity
‘[I]dentity operates as a set of resources which people draw upon in presenting and expressing themselves…and [is] performed to some extent through the alignments people make with different groups’ (Tagg & Seargeant 2016, p. 343). Outsider by Gordon Bennett (1988), presents his personal cultural and social identity which has been repressed. This image makes reference to Vincent Van Gogh’s paintings (Starry Night 1889 and Vincent’s bedroom in Arles 1888); as Bennett and his mother were part of the stolen generation. Bennett’s painting presents his social identity, himself and his art to people, using repressed emotions from the stolen generations and putting this into his art.
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References
Ambedkar, B 2008, Writings And Speeches: A Ready Reference Manual, BR Publishing Corporation, India.
Barker, C 2012, Cultural studies: theory and practice, 4th edn, Sage, London, pp. 218-224.
Brooks, P 2001, Troubling confessions: speaking guilt in law and literature, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Enoch, W. and Mailman, D. (1996). The 7 stages of grieving. Brisbane, Qld.: Playlab Press.
Frost, Robert, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, edited by Edward Connery Lathem. Copyright 1923, © 1969 by Henry Holt and Company, Inc., renewed 1951, by Robert Frost. Reprinted with the permission of Henry Holt and Company, LLC.
Gordon, B 1988, Outsider, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
Acquired with the assistance of the Visual Arts and Crafts Board of the Australia Council, 1989.
Hall, S, Held, D, Hubert, D, Thompson, K 1996, Modernity: an introduction to modern societies, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
littlemixVEVO, 2014. Little Mix - Word Up! (online video) Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zk0ToEA8sY (Accessed 21 March 2018)
Mansfield, Nick. Subjectivity: Theories of the self from Freud to Haraway, Allen & Unwin, 2000. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uow/detail.action?docID=286495. Created from uow on 2018-03-21 07:31:21.
New n Old Hwang, 2015. Rise of the Guardians - North’s Center (online video). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoIFqU6KCf0 (Accessed 20 March 2018)
Raffaello Sanzio, known as Raphael, Head and shoulders of a woman, in three-quarters profile facing left, with folded arms (c. 1504–1507)
Tagg, C & Seargeant, P 2016, ‘Facebook and the discursive construction of the social network’, in A Georgakopoulou & T Spilioti (eds), The Routledge handbook of language and digital communication, Routledge, New York, pp. 342-347
TaylorSwiftVEVO, 2017. Taylor Swift - Look What You Made Me Do (online video). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tmd-ClpJxA (Accessed 20 March 2018)
Van Gough, V 1889, Starry Night, 74 cm x 92 cm, John Wronn/AP/Museum of Modern Art
Venus of Willendorf, 28,000–25,000 BC, Naturhistorisches Museum
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