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Activity 2

1. What are the industrial or economic factors in the evolution of media from print to radio to television?

Technological advancements influenced the evolution of media as more forms of technology came about. The availability of this technology paved way for new further forms of media. In the 1940s the German annexation in Austria, conflict in Europe and World War II drastically changed the course of radio news as media. Many were not very invested in televisions when it started, however World War II coverage on this form of media also influenced the growth of TV-media.

2. What does the digitization of videos mean for information producers and consumers?

Digitization of videos allowed easier spreading of information due to reduced size, and thus faster information dissemination. This also allowed producers of information to delve into other forms of media and evolve further, reaching even more types of consumers. Digitization also allowed interaction between producers and consumers which leads to direct audience engagement.

3. What are the pros and cons of media accessibility?

Pros - Information is retained more easily. - People are urged to be more aware of the validity of what they see in media. - Media becomes more accessible in terms of price point and convenience. - Media continues to develop new forms. - Media bridges the gap between people.

Cons - Media is made more ethically dangerous, with the likes of news staging. - People tend to rely on media more than they ought to be in a way that they do not fact check the information media provides. - Media can create a disconnect between people.

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Module 1

The Difference of Oral and Writing Cultures

1. Primary oral culture is additive rather than subordinate. Written discourse develops more elaborate and fixed frammar than oral discourse. 

2. Formulary baggage is used more often in oral culture in order to implement memory. Literacy considers this redundant because of the aggregative weight.

3. Oral culture is redundant, with the purpose of keeping the speaker and hearer on track. Writing can be retrieved simply by glancing back.

4. Oral culture tends to be conservative, wherein societies highly regard wise ild men and women who specialize in conserving knowledge.

5. Writing cultures tend to stray from the human lifeworld, and denature itemizing things through the creation of lists, in contrast to oral cultures which stay close to the human lifeworld.

6. Stories in oral culture are mainly agonistically toned.

7. Oral cultures are more empathetic, while writing culture tend to be objective.

8. Oral cultures have the tendency to slough off memories which are no longer relevant, and are thus considered homeostatic.

9. Writing cultures use concepts what refer to abstractions instead of referring to singular and concrete objects.

Intersubjectivity of Communication

Based on dictionary definition, intersubjective means “existing between conscious minds”

Communication is intersubjective in the sense that for any form of human communication to truly occur, all persons involved much each be able to anticipate responses even before acting as the so-called sender as well as receiver; in Ong’s words: “one must already be in communication with the mind he/she is addressing before speaking. Communication is never one-way...it not always only calls for response but is shaped in its form and content by anticipated response.” This contrasts greatly with the media model which depicts communication as rigidly one-way.

Chirographic Conditioning

A culture compliant to the media model will entaiil chirographic conditioning. For instance, speech for oral culwtures is more dentered in performances whereas chirographic cuktures regard it as an avenue for disseminating information. In addition to this, chirographic text presents itself as a more desensitized variant of its kind, in such a way that the writer speaks to no one in particular. Relying on oral communication will mean that a particular recipient of the information being communicated is required; otherwise, there is no communication at all.