datafallstudent-blog

[datafallstudent-blog]

Gapminder_SAS

I am very sorry that my post is not easy to read. I have been trying my best just to upload the results, but to no avail, thanks.

CODE

LIBNAME mydata "/courses/d1406ae5ba27fe300" access=readonly; DATA; set mydata.gapminder; LABEL   incomeperperson="GDP per capita in 2000 USD"        alconsumption="Alcohol consumption by adults (15+) in litres"        breastcancer100th=New cases per 100,000 females        femaleemployrate="Female employees (15+) % of population"        hivrate   internetuserate= "estimated HIV Prevalence % (15-49)"        lifeexpectancy="Number of years Alive"         relectricperperson="electricity consumption per person (kwh)"          employrate="Total population(15+) employed"        urbanrate="Population in urban areas (%)"; PROC SORT; by COUNTRY; PROC FREQ; TABLES incomeperperson alcconsumption armedforcesrate breastcancerper100th co2emissions femaleemployrate hivrate internetuserate lifeexpectancy oilperperson      relectricperperson suicideper100th employrate urbanrate; RUN;

Log output

1          OPTIONS NONOTES NOSTIMER NOSOURCE NOSYNTAXCHECK; 59         60         LIBNAME mydata "/courses/d1406ae5ba27fe300" access=readonly; NOTE: Libref MYDATA was successfully assigned as follows:       Engine:        V9       Physical Name: /courses/d1406ae5ba27fe300 61         DATA; set mydata.gapminder; NOTE: Data file MYDATA.GAPMINDER.DATA is in a format that is native to another host, or the file encoding does not match the       session encoding. Cross Environment Data Access will be used, which might require additional CPU resources and might reduce       performance. 62         LABEL   incomeperperson="GDP per capita in 2000 USD" 63                 alconsumption="Alcohol consumption by adults (15+) in litres" 64                 breastcancer100th=New cases per 100,000 females 65                 femaleemployrate="Female employees (15+) % of population" 66                 hivrateinternetuserate= "estimated HIV Prevalence % (15-49)" 67                 lifeexpectancy="Number of years Alive" 68                 relectricperperson="electricity consumption per person (kwh)" 69                 employrate="Total population(15+) employed" 70                 urbanrate="Population in urban areas (%)";

NOTE: Variable alconsumption is uninitialized. NOTE: Variable breastcancer100th is uninitialized. NOTE: There were 213 observations read from the data set MYDATA.GAPMINDER. NOTE: The data set WORK.DATA3 has 213 observations and 16 variables. NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):       real time           0.00 seconds       user cpu time       0.00 seconds       system cpu time     0.00 seconds       memory              883.84k       OS Memory           27300.00k       Timestamp           11/13/2017 06:43:33 PM       Step Count                        66  Switch Count  2       Page Faults                       0       Page Reclaims                     197       Page Swaps                        0       Voluntary Context Switches        12       Involuntary Context Switches      0       Block Input Operations            0       Block Output Operations           264

71         PROC SORT; by COUNTRY;

NOTE: There were 213 observations read from the data set WORK.DATA3. NOTE: The data set WORK.DATA3 has 213 observations and 16 variables. NOTE: PROCEDURE SORT used (Total process time):       real time           0.00 seconds       user cpu time       0.00 seconds       system cpu time     0.00 seconds       memory              773.87k       OS Memory           27560.00k       Timestamp           11/13/2017 06:43:33 PM       Step Count                        67  Switch Count  2       Page Faults                       0       Page Reclaims                     111       Page Swaps                        0       Voluntary Context Switches        10       Involuntary Context Switches      0       Block Input Operations            0       Block Output Operations           264

72         PROC FREQ; TABLES incomeperperson alcconsumption armedforcesrate breastcancerper100th co2emissions femaleemployrate 72       ! hivrate internetuserate lifeexpectancy oilperpersonrelectricperperson suicideper100th employrate urbanrate;

73         RUN;

NOTE: There were 213 observations read from the data set WORK.DATA3. NOTE: PROCEDURE FREQ used (Total process time):       real time           2.10 seconds       user cpu time       2.11 seconds       system cpu time     0.01 seconds       memory              3659.31k       OS Memory           28840.00k       Timestamp           11/13/2017 06:43:35 PM       Step Count                        68  Switch Count  2       Page Faults                       0       Page Reclaims                     530       Page Swaps                        0       Voluntary Context Switches        9       Involuntary Context Switches      1       Block Input Operations            0       Block Output Operations           1544

74         75         76         77         78         OPTIONS NONOTES NOSTIMER NOSOURCE NOSYNTAXCHECK; 90        

GDP per capita in 2000 USD

100.00GDP per capita in 2000 USD incomeperperson Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency Cumulative Percent Frequency Missing = 23 103.77585724 1 0.53 1 0.53 115.3059959 1 0.53 2 1.05 131.79620701 1 0.53 3 1.58 155.03323123 1 0.53 4 2.11 161.3171371 1 0.53 5 2.63 180.083376 1 0.53 6 3.16 184.14179659 1 0.53 7 3.68 220.89124792 1 0.53 8 4.21 239.51874937 1 0.53 9 4.74 242.67753416 1 0.53 10 5.26 268.25944951 1 0.53 11 5.79 268.3317903 1 0.53 12 6.32 269.89288112 1 0.53 13 6.84 275.88428653 1 0.53 14 7.37 276.20041296 1 0.53 15 7.89 279.18045256 1 0.53 16 8.42 285.22444925 1 0.53 17 8.95 320.77188995 1 0.53 18 9.47 336.36874948 1 0.53 19 10.00 338.26639123 1 0.53 20 10.53 354.59972629 1 0.53 21 11.05 358.9795398 1 0.53 22 11.58 369.57295374 1 0.53 23 12.11 371.42419752 1 0.53 24 12.63 372.728414 1 0.53 25 13.16 377.03969946 1 0.53 26 13.68 377.42111326 1 0.53 27 14.21 389.76363425 1 0.53 28 14.74 411.50144725 1 0.53 29 15.26 432.22633697 1 0.53 30 15.79 456.38571165 1 0.53 31 16.32 468.69604356 1 0.53 32 16.84 495.73424694 1 0.53 33 17.37 523.95015149 1 0.53 34 17.89 544.59947666 1 0.53 35 18.42 554.87984007 1 0.53 36 18.95 557.9475126 1 0.53 37 19.47 558.06287663 1 0.53 38 20.00 561.70858483 1 0.53 39 20.53 591.06794434 1 0.53 40 21.05 595.87453452 1 0.53 41 21.58 609.13120592 1 0.53 42 22.11 610.35736732 1 0.53 43 22.63 668.54794304 1 0.53 44 23.16 713.63930272 1 0.53 45 23.68 722.80755883 1 0.53 46 24.21 736.2680538 1 0.53 47 24.74 744.23941319 1 0.53 48 25.26 760.26236504 1 0.53 49 25.79 772.9333448 1 0.53 50 26.32 786.70009815 1 0.53 51 26.84 895.31833964 1 0.53 52 27.37 948.35595202 1 0.53 53 27.89 952.82726083 1 0.53 54 28.42 1036.8307249 1 0.53 55 28.95 1143.8315135 1 0.53 56 29.47 1144.1021934 1 0.53 57 30.00 1194.7114334 1 0.53 58 30.53 1200.6520749 1 0.53 59 31.05 1232.794137 1 0.53 60 31.58 1253.2920151 1 0.53 61 32.11 1258.7625963 1 0.53 62 32.63 1295.7426861 1 0.53 63 33.16 1324.1949063 1 0.53 64 33.68 1326.7417572 1 0.53 65 34.21 1381.0042677 1 0.53 66 34.74 1383.4018689 1 0.53 67 35.26 1392.4118285 1 0.53 68 35.79 1525.7801159 1 0.53 69 36.32 1543.9564567 1 0.53 70 36.84 1621.1770776 1 0.53 71 37.37 1714.9428899 1 0.53 72 37.89 1728.0209761 1 0.53 73 38.42 1784.0712838 1 0.53 74 38.95 1810.2305326 1 0.53 75 39.47 1844.3510276 1 0.53 76 40.00 1860.753895 1 0.53 77 40.53 1914.9965509 1 0.53 78 41.05 1959.8444724 1 0.53 79 41.58 1975.5519059 1 0.53 80 42.11 2025.2826649 1 0.53 81 42.63 2062.1251524 1 0.53 82 43.16 2146.3585931 1 0.53 83 43.68 2161.5465097 1 0.53 84 44.21 2183.344867 1 0.53 85 44.74 2221.185664 1 0.53 86 45.26 2222.3350522 1 0.53 87 45.79 2230.6763741 1 0.53 88 46.32 2231.9933352 1 0.53 89 46.84 2344.8969162 1 0.53 90 47.37 2425.4712933 1 0.53 91 47.89 2437.2824454 1 0.53 92 48.42 2481.7189179 1 0.53 93 48.95 2534.00038 1 0.53 94 49.47 2549.5584738 1 0.53 95 50.00 2557.4336378 1 0.53 96 50.53 2636.7877999 1 0.53 97 51.05 2667.2467097 1 0.53 98 51.58 2668.0205189 1 0.53 99 52.11 2712.5171987 1 0.53 100 52.63 2737.6703794 1 0.53 101 53.16 2923.1443548 1 0.53 102 53.68 3164.9276933 1 0.53 103 54.21 3180.4306118 1 0.53 104 54.74 3233.4237801 1 0.53 105 55.26 3545.6521739 1 0.53 106 55.79 3665.3483686 1 0.53 107 56.32 3745.6498521 1 0.53 108 56.84 4038.857818 1 0.53 109 57.37 4049.1696291 1 0.53 110 57.89 4180.7658207 1 0.53 111 58.42 4189.4365875 1 0.53 112 58.95 4495.0462615 1 0.53 113 59.47 4699.4112621 1 0.53 114 60.00 4885.0467014 1 0.53 115 60.53 5011.2194563 1 0.53 116 61.05 5182.1437206 1 0.53 117 61.58 5184.7093276 1 0.53 118 62.11 5188.9009352 1 0.53 119 62.63 5248.5823215 1 0.53 120 63.16 5330.401612 1 0.53 121 63.68 5332.2385914 1 0.53 122 64.21 5348.5971919 1 0.53 123 64.74 5528.3631139 1 0.53 124 65.26 5634.003948 1 0.53 125 65.79 5900.6169445 1 0.53 126 66.32 6105.280743 1 0.53 127 66.84 6147.7796098 1 0.53 128 67.37 6238.5375062 1 0.53 129 67.89 6243.5713183 1 0.53 130 68.42 6334.105194 1 0.53 131 68.95 6338.4946677 1 0.53 132 69.47 6575.7450439 1 0.53 133 70.00 6746.6126318 1 0.53 134 70.53 7381.3127508 1 0.53 135 71.05 7885.4680369 1 0.53 136 71.58 8445.5266887 1 0.53 137 72.11 8614.1202192 1 0.53 138 72.63 8654.5368449 1 0.53 139 73.16 9106.3272342 1 0.53 140 73.68 9175.7960147 1 0.53 141 74.21 9243.5870526 1 0.53 142 74.74 9425.3258698 1 0.53 143 75.26 10480.817203 1 0.53 144 75.79 10749.419238 1 0.53 145 76.32 11066.784145 1 0.53 146 76.84 11191.811007 1 0.53 147 77.37 11744.834167 1 0.53 148 77.89 11894.464075 1 0.53 149 78.42 12505.212545 1 0.53 150 78.95 12729.4544 1 0.53 151 79.47 13577.879885 1 0.53 152 80.00 14778.163929 1 0.53 153 80.53 15313.859347 1 0.53 154 81.05 15461.758372 1 0.53 155 81.58 15822.112141 1 0.53 156 82.11 16372.499781 1 0.53 157 82.63 17092.460004 1 0.53 158 83.16 18982.269285 1 0.53 159 83.68 19630.540547 1 0.53 160 84.21 20751.893424 1 0.53 161 84.74 21087.394125 1 0.53 162 85.26 21943.339898 1 0.53 163 85.79 22275.751661 1 0.53 164 86.32 22878.466567 1 0.53 165 86.84 24496.048264 1 0.53 166 87.37 25249.986061 1 0.53 167 87.89 25306.187193 1 0.53 168 88.42 25575.352623 1 0.53 169 88.95 26551.844238 1 0.53 170 89.47 26692.984107 1 0.53 171 90.00 27110.731591 1 0.53 172 90.53 27595.091347 1 0.53 173 91.05 28033.489283 1 0.53 174 91.58 30532.277044 1 0.53 175 92.11 31993.200694 1 0.53 176 92.63 32292.482984 1 0.53 177 93.16 32535.832512 1 0.53 178 93.68 33923.313868 1 0.53 179 94.21 33931.832079 1 0.53 180 94.74 33945.314422 1 0.53 181 95.26 35536.072471 1 0.53 182 95.79 37491.179523 1 0.53 183 96.32 37662.75125 1 0.53 184 96.84 39309.478859 1 0.53 185 97.37 39972.352768 1 0.53 186 97.89 52301.587179 1 0.53 187 98.42 62682.147006 1 0.53 188 98.95 81647.100031 1 0.53 189 99.47 105147.4377 1 0.53 190 100.00

100.00Total population(15+) employed employrate Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency Cumulative Percent Frequency Missing = 35 32 1 0.56 1 0.56 34.900001526 1 0.56 2 1.12 37.400001526 1 0.56 3 1.69 38.900001526 1 0.56 4 2.25 39 1 0.56 5 2.81 40.099998474 1 0.56 6 3.37 41.099998474 1 0.56 7 3.93 41.200000763 1 0.56 8 4.49 41.599998474 1 0.56 9 5.06 42 1 0.56 10 5.62 42.400001526 2 1.12 12 6.74 42.5 1 0.56 13 7.30 42.799999237 1 0.56 14 7.87 43.099998474 1 0.56 15 8.43 44.200000763 1 0.56 16 8.99 44.299999237 1 0.56 17 9.55 44.700000763 1 0.56 18 10.11 44.799999237 1 0.56 19 10.67 45.700000763 1 0.56 20 11.24 46 2 1.12 22 12.36 46.200000763 1 0.56 23 12.92 46.400001526 1 0.56 24 13.48 46.799999237 1 0.56 25 14.04 46.900001526 1 0.56 26 14.61 47.099998474 1 0.56 27 15.17 47.299999237 3 1.69 30 16.85 47.799999237 1 0.56 31 17.42 48.599998474 2 1.12 33 18.54 48.700000763 2 1.12 35 19.66 49.5 1 0.56 36 20.22 49.599998474 1 0.56 37 20.79 50.5 1 0.56 38 21.35 50.700000763 1 0.56 39 21.91 50.900001526 2 1.12 41 23.03 51 2 1.12 43 24.16 51.200000763 2 1.12 45 25.28 51.299999237 1 0.56 46 25.84 51.400001526 1 0.56 47 26.40 52.099998474 1 0.56 48 26.97 52.5 1 0.56 49 27.53 52.700000763 1 0.56 50 28.09 53.099998474 1 0.56 51 28.65 53.400001526 2 1.12 53 29.78 53.5 3 1.69 56 31.46 54.400001526 1 0.56 57 32.02 54.5 2 1.12 59 33.15 54.599998474 1 0.56 60 33.71 55.099998474 1 0.56 61 34.27 55.400001526 1 0.56 62 34.83 55.599998474 1 0.56 63 35.39 55.700000763 1 0.56 64 35.96 55.900001526 3 1.69 67 37.64 56 2 1.12 69 38.76 56.299999237 2 1.12 71 39.89 56.400001526 1 0.56 72 40.45 56.5 1 0.56 73 41.01 56.799999237 2 1.12 75 42.13 56.900001526 1 0.56 76 42.70 57.099998474 1 0.56 77 43.26 57.200000763 1 0.56 78 43.82 57.299999237 1 0.56 79 44.38 57.5 2 1.12 81 45.51 57.599998474 1 0.56 82 46.07 57.900001526 1 0.56 83 46.63 58.200000763 2 1.12 85 47.75 58.400001526 2 1.12 87 48.88 58.5 1 0.56 88 49.44 58.599998474 1 0.56 89 50.00 58.799999237 2 1.12 91 51.12 58.900001526 3 1.69 94 52.81 59 2 1.12 96 53.93 59.099998474 2 1.12 98 55.06 59.299999237 1 0.56 99 55.62 59.700000763 1 0.56 100 56.18 59.799999237 1 0.56 101 56.74 59.900001526 3 1.69 104 58.43 60.400001526 2 1.12 106 59.55 60.5 1 0.56 107 60.11 60.700000763 1 0.56 108 60.67 60.900001526 1 0.56 109 61.24 61 2 1.12 111 62.36 61.299999237 1 0.56 112 62.92 61.5 3 1.69 115 64.61 61.700000763 1 0.56 116 65.17 61.799999237 1 0.56 117 65.73 62.299999237 1 0.56 118 66.29 62.400001526 1 0.56 119 66.85 62.700000763 1 0.56 120 67.42 63.099998474 1 0.56 121 67.98 63.200000763 1 0.56 122 68.54 63.5 1 0.56 123 69.10 63.599998474 1 0.56 124 69.66 63.700000763 1 0.56 125 70.22 63.799999237 2 1.12 127 71.35 63.900001526 1 0.56 128 71.91 64.199996948 1 0.56 129 72.47 64.300003052 1 0.56 130 73.03 64.5 1 0.56 131 73.60 64.599998474 1 0.56 132 74.16 64.900001526 1 0.56 133 74.72 65 3 1.69 136 76.40 65.099998474 1 0.56 137 76.97 65.599998474 1 0.56 138 77.53 65.699996948 1 0.56 139 78.09 65.900001526 1 0.56 140 78.65 66 2 1.12 142 79.78 66.199996948 1 0.56 143 80.34 66.599998474 1 0.56 144 80.90 66.800003052 1 0.56 145 81.46 66.900001526 1 0.56 146 82.02 67.300003052 1 0.56 147 82.58 68 1 0.56 148 83.15 68.099998474 1 0.56 149 83.71 68.300003052 1 0.56 150 84.27 68.900001526 1 0.56 151 84.83 70.400001526 2 1.12 153 85.96 71 1 0.56 154 86.52 71.300003052 1 0.56 155 87.08 71.599998474 1 0.56 156 87.64 71.699996948 1 0.56 157 88.20 71.800003052 1 0.56 158 88.76 72 1 0.56 159 89.33 72.800003052 1 0.56 160 89.89 73.099998474 1 0.56 161 90.45 73.199996948 1 0.56 162 91.01 73.599998474 1 0.56 163 91.57 74.699996948 1 0.56 164 92.13 75.199996948 1 0.56 165 92.70 75.699996948 1 0.56 166 93.26 76 1 0.56 167 93.82 77 1 0.56 168 94.38 78.199996948 2 1.12 170 95.51 78.900001526 1 0.56 171 96.07 79.800003052 1 0.56 172 96.63 80.699996948 1 0.56 173 97.19 81.300003052 1 0.56 174 97.75 81.5 1 0.56 175 98.31 83 1 0.56 176 98.88 83.199996948 2 1.12 178 100.00

Number of years Alive

lifeexpectancy Frequency Percent Cumulative Frequency Cumulative Percent Frequency Missing = 22 47.794 1 0.52 1 0.52 48.132 1 0.52 2 1.05 48.196 1 0.52 3 1.57 48.397 1 0.52 4 2.09 48.398 1 0.52 5 2.62 48.673 1 0.52 6 3.14 48.718 1 0.52 7 3.66 49.025 1 0.52 8 4.19 49.553 1 0.52 9 4.71 50.239 1 0.52 10 5.24 50.411 1 0.52 11 5.76 51.088 1 0.52 12 6.28 51.093 1 0.52 13 6.81 51.219 1 0.52 14 7.33 51.384 1 0.52 15 7.85 51.444 1 0.52 16 8.38 51.61 1 0.52 17 8.90 51.879 1 0.52 18 9.42 52.797 1 0.52 19 9.95 53.183 1 0.52 20 10.47 54.097 1 0.52 21 10.99 54.116 1 0.52 22 11.52 54.21 1 0.52 23 12.04 54.675 1 0.52 24 12.57 55.377 1 0.52 25 13.09 55.439 1 0.52 26 13.61 55.442 1 0.52 27 14.14 56.081 1 0.52 28 14.66 56.786 1 0.52 29 15.18 57.062 1 0.52 30 15.71 57.134 1 0.52 31 16.23 57.379 1 0.52 32 16.75 57.937 1 0.52 33 17.28 58.199 1 0.52 34 17.80 58.491 1 0.52 35 18.32 58.582 1 0.52 36 18.85 59.274 1 0.52 37 19.37 59.318 1 0.52 38 19.90 61.061 1 0.52 39 20.42 61.452 1 0.52 40 20.94 61.597 1 0.52 41 21.47 62.095 1 0.52 42 21.99 62.465 1 0.52 43 22.51 62.475 1 0.52 44 23.04 62.703 1 0.52 45 23.56 62.791 1 0.52 46 24.08 63.125 1 0.52 47 24.61 64.228 1 0.52 48 25.13 64.666 1 0.52 49 25.65 64.986 1 0.52 50 26.18 65.193 1 0.52 51 26.70 65.437 1 0.52 52 27.23 65.438 1 0.52 53 27.75 65.493 1 0.52 54 28.27 66.618 1 0.52 55 28.80 66.718 1 0.52 56 29.32 67.017 1 0.52 57 29.84 67.185 1 0.52 58 30.37 67.484 1 0.52 59 30.89 67.529 1 0.52 60 31.41 67.714 1 0.52 61 31.94 67.852 1 0.52 62 32.46 68.287 1 0.52 63 32.98 68.494 1 0.52 64 33.51 68.498 1 0.52 65 34.03 68.749 1 0.52 66 34.55 68.795 1 0.52 67 35.08 68.823 1 0.52 68 35.60 68.846 1 0.52 69 36.13 68.944 1 0.52 70 36.65 68.978 1 0.52 71 37.17 69.042 1 0.52 72 37.70 69.245 1 0.52 73 38.22 69.317 1 0.52 74 38.74 69.366 1 0.52 75 39.27 69.927 1 0.52 76 39.79 70.124 1 0.52 77 40.31 70.349 1 0.52 78 40.84 70.563 1 0.52 79 41.36 70.739 1 0.52 80 41.88 71.017 1 0.52 81 42.41 71.172 1 0.52 82 42.93 72.15 1 0.52 83 43.46 72.196 1 0.52 84 43.98 72.231 1 0.52 85 44.50 72.283 1 0.52 86 45.03 72.317 1 0.52 87 45.55 72.444 1 0.52 88 46.07 72.477 1 0.52 89 46.60 72.64 1 0.52 90 47.12 72.832 1 0.52 91 47.64 72.974 2 1.05 93 48.69 73.126 1 0.52 94 49.21 73.127 1 0.52 95 49.74 73.131 1 0.52 96 50.26 73.235 1 0.52 97 50.79 73.339 1 0.52 98 51.31 73.371 1 0.52 99 51.83 73.373 1 0.52 100 52.36 73.396 1 0.52 101 52.88 73.403 1 0.52 102 53.40 73.456 1 0.52 103 53.93 73.488 1 0.52 104 54.45 73.703 1 0.52 105 54.97 73.737 1 0.52 106 55.50 73.911 1 0.52 107 56.02 73.979 2 1.05 109 57.07 73.99 1 0.52 110 57.59 74.044 1 0.52 111 58.12 74.126 1 0.52 112 58.64 74.156 1 0.52 113 59.16 74.221 1 0.52 114 59.69 74.241 1 0.52 115 60.21 74.402 1 0.52 116 60.73 74.414 1 0.52 117 61.26 74.515 1 0.52 118 61.78 74.522 1 0.52 119 62.30 74.573 1 0.52 120 62.83 74.576 1 0.52 121 63.35 74.641 1 0.52 122 63.87 74.788 1 0.52 123 64.40 74.825 1 0.52 124 64.92 74.847 1 0.52 125 65.45 74.941 1 0.52 126 65.97 75.057 1 0.52 127 66.49 75.133 1 0.52 128 67.02 75.181 1 0.52 129 67.54 75.246 1 0.52 130 68.06 75.446 1 0.52 131 68.59 75.62 1 0.52 132 69.11 75.632 1 0.52 133 69.63 75.67 1 0.52 134 70.16 75.85 1 0.52 135 70.68 75.901 1 0.52 136 71.20 75.956 1 0.52 137 71.73 76.072 1 0.52 138 72.25 76.126 1 0.52 139 72.77 76.128 1 0.52 140 73.30 76.142 1 0.52 141 73.82 76.521 1 0.52 142 74.35 76.546 1 0.52 143 74.87 76.64 1 0.52 144 75.39 76.652 1 0.52 145 75.92 76.835 1 0.52 146 76.44 76.848 1 0.52 147 76.96 76.918 1 0.52 148 77.49 76.954 1 0.52 149 78.01 77.005 1 0.52 150 78.53 77.653 1 0.52 151 79.06 77.685 1 0.52 152 79.58 78.005 1 0.52 153 80.10 78.371 1 0.52 154 80.63 78.531 1 0.52 155 81.15 78.826 1 0.52 156 81.68 79.12 1 0.52 157 82.20 79.143 1 0.52 158 82.72 79.158 1 0.52 159 83.25 79.311 1 0.52 160 83.77 79.341 1 0.52 161 84.29 79.499 1 0.52 162 84.82 79.591 1 0.52 163 85.34 79.634 1 0.52 164 85.86 79.839 1 0.52 165 86.39 79.915 1 0.52 166 86.91 79.963 1 0.52 167 87.43 79.977 1 0.52 168 87.96 80.009 1 0.52 169 88.48 80.17 1 0.52 170 89.01 80.414 1 0.52 171 89.53 80.499 1 0.52 172 90.05 80.557 1 0.52 173 90.58 80.642 1 0.52 174 91.10 80.654 1 0.52 175 91.62 80.734 1 0.52 176 92.15 80.854 1 0.52 177 92.67 80.934 1 0.52 178 93.19 81.012 1 0.52 179 93.72 81.097 1 0.52 180 94.24 81.126 1 0.52 181 94.76 81.404 1 0.52 182 95.29 81.439 1 0.52 183 95.81 81.539 1 0.52 184 96.34 81.618 1 0.52 185 96.86 81.804 1 0.52 186 97.38 81.855 1 0.52 187 97.91 81.907 1 0.52 188 98.43 82.338 1 0.52 189 98.95 82.759 1 0.52 190 99.48 83.394 1 0.52 191 100.00

DISCUSSIONS

We can infer from the data that countries with less GDP per capita income, had less employment rate as compared to countries with high GDP per capita income. These countries also have low life expectancy rates than other countries . Although other factors contributes to low life expectancy, we can stipulate that income (poverty) plays a major part in mortality rate.

[datafallstudent-blog]

SAS Program

Gapminder

[datafallstudent-blog]

The Effect of Poverty on Health and Life Expectancy

After going through the Codebook for the Gapminder study, I have decided to work on income and health. It has been argued that, living a healthy life style require lots of effort and money. Some of the variables that I will be using for this project are income per person, employment rate, and life expectancy.

My topic of interest is “The Effect of Poverty on Health and Life Expectancy”.

Codebook.

The level of a person’s income is always a negative factor to obtaining good medical care. Many people do not seek medical treatment simply because they cannot afford to see a doctor or due to the fact that they do not have access to one. For this reason, I have decided to study the barriers to healthcare and its relationship to life expectancy. My specific objectives will be to:

(1)   Identify the association between socio-economic status and health.

(2)   Identify the association between income and life expectancy

I have added these variables (Breast cancer rate, HIV rate, oil per person, urban rate) to my Codebook

 Literature Review

 Lynch et al.,(2000) reviewed literature on income inequality and mortality, and its importance to health of individual income, psychological environment, or material condition and concluded that the relation between income and health at the individual level is a sufficient condition to produce health differences between populations with the same average income but different distribution of income.

Subramanian and Kawachi,(2004) reviewed literature on empirical relation between income inequality and health and concluded that, income-based inequality, unequal distribution of wealth, political power, cultural assets, social assets, horrific status, and human capital could be important determinants of health outcomes. They also determined a need for more studies on income disparities as a threat to public health, and whether policy makers and the public health community are to be concerned about the societal distribution of income in the alleviation of income poverty through economic growth alone.

Strum and Gresenz (2002) conducted a household telephone survey in 1997-1998 and concluded that there is a strong continuous association between health and education or family income, but there was no relation between income inequality and the prevalence of chronic medical problems or depression and anxiety disorders, either among poorer people or the whole population. They also found a correlation between self reported overall health and inequality at the population level, but there was no correlation between individual characteristics.

Pickett, and Wilkinson (2015) in their analysis on literature review found that income inequality affects population health and well being. There is also strong evidence that large income differences have damaging health and social consequences on people, and in most countries inequality is increasing. They further stipulated that narrowing the gap in income inequality will improve the health and well being of populations.

Hypothesis

If income is related to healthcare, then individuals with low levels of income will not have access good and adequate medical care and in turn decrease their life expectancy.

 References

Pickett K.E., Wilkinson R.G. Income inequality and health: a causal review. Social Science and Medicine. 2015;128:316–326. [PubMed]

Lynch J.W., Davey-Smith G, Kaplan GA, House JS. Income inequality and mortality: importance of individual income, psychosocial environment or material pathways in health. BMJ. 2000;320:1200–1204.[PMC free article] [PubMed]

Sturm R., Gresenz C.R. Relations of income inequality and family income to chronic medical conditions and mental health disorders: national survey British Medical Journal. BMJ 2002;324:20. [PMC free article] [PubMed

Subramanian, S.V., Kawachi, I. Income Inequality and Health: What Have we learned so far? Epidemiologic reviews, 2004;26(1):78-91