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Monsters and Other Mythical Beasts Notes

https://quizlet.com/451373232/monsters-and-other-mythical-beasts-flash-cards/

➥ to study the terms

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Zz_MUeA7B_48O8tP46Ig8I05yu5p7vty/view?usp=sharing

➥ here is a pdf of all the terms

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The Olympians Notes

https://quizlet.com/451293446/the-olympians-flash-cards/

➥ to study the terms 

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ia-11jq819R7YKkObq5V5qOMyAltoz0B/view?usp=sharing

➥ here is a pdf of all the terms 

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All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IM3Hs8lE2I6MJS7ee8Vp6YtD2lcKRLoB/view?usp=sharing

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There There by Tommy Orange (pdf)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JwTZlrpQo8mk53OwjX4dYd8BUhDdusEj/view?usp=sharing

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Regarding APUSH Notes

Woohoo! Finally something new besides English. So from what I decided, I am going to post weekly notes on Friday in a pdf bundle from the week’s lectures.  These notes are minimilistic but cover the points to study for the AP test. These are all approved by the head instructor so you know this is the tightest shit around.  On the heading of each of the notes, there would be a list that explains the areas you should brush over but not stress about.  Anyways, I will be dropping some AP Bio and AP Calculus notes soon... ))

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Grammar: Identifying Indirect Objects (pt 2)

✧ Some sentences have two objects: the direct object and the indirect object.  The indirect object is the noun or pronoun that tells to whom or for whom the action is done. 

✧ (Direct object in bold and indirect object is in italics)

      • I made a birthday cake. 

      • I made Jane a birthday cake. 

      • Carl gave a present. 

      • Carl gave her a present. 

✧ Examples

      • My aunt wanted to give my cousins a suprise birthday party.

      • She sent my brother an invitation. 

      • My brother showed my cousin the card. 

      • My cousin told his mother the story. 

      • My brother offered my aunt an apology. 

      • The news reporter asked the politician a question about the schools. 

      • The politician did not give the reporter a very clear answer. 

      • The reporter showed the audience a report about the schools. 

      • The report denied teachers a pay raise. 

      • The politician promised everyone a complete explanation. 

      (Direct object in bold and indirect object is in italics)

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Grammar: Identifying Direct Objects

✧ The direct object is the noun or pronoun that recieves the action of the verb.  Many sentences need direct objects to complete their meaning.  To find the direct object of a sentence, ask whom or what after the verb. 

✧ (Subject in bold, verb in italics, and direct object is underlined)

      • Our class studied Mexico.

      • The Aztecs in the lowlands grew squash. 

✧ Examples

      • The ancient Aztecs inhabited Mexico. 

      • Aztec famers in the highlands grew corn. 

      • They traded the corn for things from the lowlands. 

      • Aztec craftsmen made jewelry out of gold and silver. 

      • Potters made beautiful jars out of clay. 

      • The Aztecs did not have an alphabet. 

      • They used pictograohs for their stories. 

      • The Aztecs spoke Nahuatl. 

      • Some people in Mexico still speak this language. 

      • The Aztecs studied the stars. 

      • They developed a calendar. 

      • Their calender had 260 days in a year. 

      • The Aztecs built many magnificent temples to their gods. 

      • The temples had the shape of pyramids.

      • We admire these ancient people. 

      (Direct object are italicized) 

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Grammar: Working with Direct Objects

✧ The direct object is the noun or pronoun that recieves the action of the verb.  Many sentences need a direct object to complete their meaning.  To find the direct object of a sentence, ask whom or what after the verb,  Sometimes there is more than one direct object.  This is called a compound direct object.  

✧ Direct object

The first cars scared many people.  (Cars scared whom?)

✧ Compound direct object

People once drove horses and buggies.  (People drove what?)

✧ Examples

      • The first cars worried townspeople. 

      • Some towns soon passed speed-limit laws. 

      • Cars could not exceed four miles-per-hour.

      • Towns did not have street signs.

      • They installed the street signs right away. 

      • Henry Ford loved the idea of cars. 

      • Happily, he watched other people in cars. 

      • One day, people would buy cars. 

      • He opened a factory to build cars. 

      • He started the Ford Motor Company in 1903.  

      (Direct objects are in italics)

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Grammar: Identifying Compound Subjects and Predicates

✧ A compound subject consists of more than one simple subject. 

ex: Beatrix Potter and Beverly Cleary are famous children’s authors. 

✧ A compound predicate consists of more than one simple predicate. 

ex: Their books amuse and delight children everywhere. 

✧ Examples

      • Beatrix Potter wrote and illustrated her own stories. 

      • Peter Rabbit and his family are the characters in one story. 

      • Flopsy, Mopsy, and Cottontail lived with Peter in a big fir tree. 

      • Mr. McGregor and Mrs. McGregor planted and weeded their garden. 

      • Mrs. Rabbit shopped for food and cooked the meals. 

      • Three little bunnies hopped down the lane and gathered blackberries.

      • Peter ran away and squeezed under the gate. 

      • Mr. McGregor shouted and waved his rake. 

      • Flopsy, Mopsy, and Cottontail ate blackberries and drank milk. 

      • Peter and his mother had tea for supper. 

      (Single-compound predicates in italics and single-compound subject in bold) 

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Grammar: Identifying Complete Subjects and Predicates

✧ The complete subject of a sentence is the simple subject with all the words that describe it.  The complete predicate of a sentence is the simple predicate with all the words that describe it.  

✧ (Complete subject in bold and complete predicate in italics)

      • The island of the West Indies lie between North and South America. 

✧ (Simple subject in bold and simple predicate in italics)

      • Islands lie. 

✧ Examples

     • The West Indies - seperates the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean. 

      • The chain of islands - is about 3200 kilometers long. 

      • The West Indies’ climate - is tropical. 

      • Destruction of the natuve forests - occurred during plantation days. 

      • Sugar plantation owners - needed wood for hot fires for sugar refining. 

      • Some countries - passed laws to protect the forests. 

      • The people of these islands - come from many parts of the world.

      • Languages spoken there - include English, French, Spanish, and Dutch. 

      • Many people on the islands - are decendants of slaves. 

      • Most Caribbean countries - depend on farming for their income. 

      • Farmers on these tropical islands - raise several different kinds of crops. 

      • Exports from the island - include sugar, bananas, and cocoa. 

      • The islands - import large amounts of wheat. 

      • Tourism - brings a lot of business to the islands. 

      • The island of Jamaica - is a popular tourist destination. 

      (The simple subjects are bolded, the simple predicates are italicized, and a -dash- between the complete subject and complete predicate)

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Grammar: Working with Simple Subjects and Predicates

✧ A sentence has a subject and a predicate.  The simple subject is the noun or pronoun that names the person, place, or thing the sentence is about.  The simple predicate is the verb that tells the action of the subject. 

✧ (Simple subject in bold and simple predicate in italics)

      • Water evaporates.

      • Cold water evaporates slowly.

      • Water at the boiling point evaporates very quickly. 

✧ Examples

     • Plants need water. 

     • Plants in the desert get water in many ways. 

      • A cactus stores water in its thick stem.

      • Some plants have very long roots. 

      • These long roots reach water deep underground. 

      • Flowers bloom after a rainstorm. 

      • Animals need water too.

      • Many animals in the desert rest all day.

      • Foxes hunt in the cool evenings. 

      • Their food provides some animals with water. 

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My goal is to provide some education in my posts, either be English or Science.  I find it extremely unfair that people cannot find subjects online when they need help or if it comes through for a fee.  I will not ultimately try to distinguish this hurdle but help in some way. 

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Grammar: Working with Simple Predicates

✧ Every sentence has two important parts.  These parts are called the subject and the predicate.  The predicate is the action of the subject and contains a verb.  The verb is the important word in the predicate.  The verb is call the simple predicate.  To find the predicate, ask the question do what or does what after the subject. 

✧ Complete Predicate

Explorers travel to other lands.  (Explorers do what?)

✧ Simple Predicate

They often write about their adventures.  (They do what?)

✧ Examples

      • Marco Polo grew up in Venice, Italy, in the thirteenth century. 

      • He wanted a life of adventure. 

      • In 1271, he set out on an overland journey to China.  

      • After many new and strange experiences, he reached China in 1275.

      • The ruler, Kublai Khan, appointed Marco Polo as an envoy. 

      • Later on, Marco Polo served as governor of Yangchow for three years. 

      • He even fought in battles, such as the one at Sainfu. 

      • He returned to Venice with a treasure box of jewels in 1295. 

      • The Genoese captured him in a battle. 

      • While a captive, he wrote an account of his travels and adventures. 

      (The simple predicates are all italicized)

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Grammar: Working with Simple Subjects

✧ Every English sentence has two important parts.  These parts are called the subject and the predicate.  The subject names the person, place, or thing talked about in the sentence.  The most important word in the subject is a noun.  This noun is the simple subject.  To find the subject, ask the question who or what before the predicate. 

✧ Complete Subject

The cool, fresh air is made up of matter.  (What is made up of matter?)

✧ Simple Subject

This matter is a mixture of gases.  (What is a mixture of gases?)

✧ Examples

      • Air is tasteless and odorless.

      • Our precious air is also invisible. 

      • Gases make up air.

      • All gases take up spcae and have weight. 

      • Gases are made up of tiny particles. 

      • These tiny particles are called molecules. 

      • The molecules are moving constantly. 

      • Nitrogen makes up most of the air, about seventy-eight percent. 

      • Oxygen makes up about twenty-one percent of the air. 

      • Other gases make up one percent of the air. 

      • Earthly life is possible because of these gases. 

      • Plants use cabon dioxide to make food. 

      • This process is called photosynthesis. 

      • Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis.

      • All people need oxygen to breathe. 

      (The simple subjects are all italicized)

[discountkhanacademy-blog]

Focus Points in Book Essays

✧ Summary: 

Write about why it happened and how it proves your thesis instead of what happened.

✧ Chronology: 

Discuss events in order as they appear in the test and in the same order as your introduction dictates.  As an analytical piece, chronology can also be very important for a thematic approach to your writing.  

✧ Strongest evidence omitted: 

Discuss the strongest parts of your thesis, if you talked about the smallest details that provide no heavy basis-- you showed the ‘judge’/whoever-grades-the-essay french fries, not the hamburger itself. 

✧ Foreshadowing: 

“Foreshadowing” is not synonymous with “preparing the reader.”  Sometimes you would get carried away with the need to identify foreshadowing rather than focusing your efforts on finding how readers are indeed ready for what is to come. 

✧ Transitions: 

Consider the need for transitions not only between paragraphs (find something in common between the two so it would be a seamless edit), but also between ideas in one paragraph.  Smooth the path between your two different paragraphs.

✧ Analysis lacks depth: 

You’ve got a start on analyzing evidence, but you don’t see it through to prove your case.  If your analysis is not at least 2-3 sentences, you probably have cut it too short! 

✧ Quote effectiveness: 

Quotes must show your point about the claim you have made... not just show what a character said or did.  Some quotes felt too abrupt because they were not embedded properly into the essay. 

✧ Claim Clarity: 

What are you proving?  Does your claim mention that?

✧ Diction: 

“Hints” and “clues” are informal word choices.  These essays need formal diction! 

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Poetic Literary Terms

✧ Personification

Attribute a personal nature or human characteristics to. 

ex: The trees danced in the wind as it whistled through the friendly grove. 

text ex: “Because I Could Not Stop For Death” by Emily Dickinson

✧ Onomatopoeia

The formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named. 

ex: The cat mewed at her owner. 

text ex: “I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died” by Emily Dickinson

✧ Diction

The choice and use of words in speech or writing. 

ex (neutral): The bird flew.

ex (formal): The bird eloquently flew. 

ex (informal): The bird skidaddled. 

text ex (neutral): “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost, “My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning

text ex (formal): “The Charge of the Light Brigade” by Alfred Lord Tennyson

text ex (informal): “I’m Nobody! Who Are You?” by Emily Dickinson, “A Noiseless Patient Spider” by Walt Whitman 

✧ Allusion

An indirect or implicit reference.

ex: Brian was the Einstein in the group. 

text ex: “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe, “To His Coy Mistress” by Andrew Marvell

✧ Alliteration

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. 

ex: The Teletubby threw their thrifty threadworm through the throughway.

text ex: “The Red, Red Rose” by Robert Burns, “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe

✧ Connotation

An idea or feeling which a word invokes in addition to its primary meaning. 

ex (positive): Jenna’s confidence is something. 

ex (negative): Jenna’s ego is something. 

text ex (positive): “Sonnet XVIII” by William Shakespeare

text ex (negative): “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night” by Dylan Thomas

✧ Imagery

Existing only in the imagination through sight. 

ex: The wind breezed past by the young man’s hair, twistling with the wisps of hair. 

text ex: “The Red Wheelbarrow” by William Carlos Williams

✧ Oxymoron

A figure of speech or an expressed idea in which, apparently, contradictory terms appear in conjunction.

ex: The chicken developed freezer burn. 

text ex: “To a Skylark” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

✧ Rhyme Scheme

The pattern of rhymes in a poem or verse. 

ex (double): The fairy ate her berry.

text ex: “Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley

ex (triple): The greenery of the scenery was heatherly beautiful.

text ex: “The Windhover” by Gerard Manley Hopkins

ex (eye): To live crazy is what I believe in. 

text ex: “Hymn: Sung at the Completion of the Concord Monument” by Ralph Waldo Emerson

✧ Assonance

The resemblance of sound between syllables in nearby words arising from the fhyming of stressed vowels and also from the use of identical consonants with different vowls.

ex: I took a jab at the bad bratwurst apple.

text ex: “Thanatopsis” by William Cullen Bryant

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Notes for Literature

Plot Line ✧

      Introduction: beginning of a story- setting (when & where), conflict, characters

      Rising action: longest part of a story- develop conflict & plot 

      Climax: “turning point”

      Falling action: a section following the climax, in which the tension stemming from the story’s central conflict decreases and the story moves to its conclusion

      Denouement: “resolution to the conflict”

Terms ✧

      Setting: the place of surroundings where the story takes place

      Protagonist: the leading character & “main character”

      Antagonist: opposing force who actively opposes the protagonist

      Dynamic character: a character who’s personality/morals does change in the story

      Static character: a character who’s personality/morals does not change in the story

      Plot: the main events of the story/the logical sequence of events

      Theme: an idea that reoccurs in the story

      Cause: why something happened, reason (why?)

      Effect: result, outcome, consequence

      Conflict: problem around which the plot develops

      External conflict: man vs man, nature vs man, society vs man

      Internal conflict: man vs self

      Alliteration: a repetition of a constant (ex: “slipperly silver snake”)

      Metaphor: a direct comparision without “like” or “as”

      Personification: giving human characteristics to a non-living object 

      Rhyme scheme: using lowercase letters to represent rhymes in a sequence

      Simile: a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid

      Stanza: a paragraph to a book, a group of lines in a poem