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HW 6 Case Question 3

HW 6 case Question 3

·       The fact of the case: Getting around this problem calls for a different tactic, many engineers say; most are attempting it by creating programs with explicitly formulated rules, rather than asking a robot to derive its own. Last year, Winfield published the results2 of an experiment that asked: what is the simplest set of rules that would allow a machine to rescue someone in danger of falling into a hole? Most obviously, Winfield realized, the robot needed the ability to sense its surroundings — to recognize the position of the hole and the person, as well as its own position relative to both. But the robot also needed rules allowing it to anticipate the possible effects of its own actions. In a virtual test of the ethical governor, a simulation of an unmanned autonomous vehicle was given a mission to strike enemy targets — but was not allowed to do so if there were buildings with civilians nearby.

·       Analysis: Given scenarios that varied the location of the vehicle relative to an attack zone and civilian complexes such as hospitals and residential buildings, the algorithms decided when it would be permissible for the autonomous vehicle to accomplish its mission. Autonomous, militarized robots strike many people as dangerous — and there have been innumerable debates about whether they should be allowed. So many researchers tried to analysis the actions of robot via giving them commands to hit on human or blast something near human area and they were ready to do so. But the experiments were never done because of no permission from the higher authorities. Computer scientists working on rigorously programmed machine ethics today favor code that uses logical statements, such as 'If a statement is true, move forward; if it is false, do not move.' Logic is the ideal choice for encoding machine ethics, argues Luís Moniz Pereira, a computer scientist at the Nova Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics in Lisbon. “Logic is how we reason and come up with our ethical choices,” he says.

·       My conclusions: By contrast, the machine-learning approach promises robots that can learn from experience, which could ultimately make them more flexible and useful than their more rigidly programmed counterparts. As, the conclusion I will say providing these kinds of power would not be safer for humankind or any living thing on the earth. Because robot is not a human who going to understand ethical stuff. Computer programmer are trying write program which involves ethical programming so they can fit that program in the robots. But they are not succeeded yet. They are still working on it. But robot should follow the robot ethics for the betterment of the world. How ethical robots are built could have major consequences for the future of robotics, researchers say. Michael Fisher, a computer scientist at the University of Liverpool, UK, thinks that rule-bound systems could be reassuring to the public. 

·       Future environment: After reading these I can see in the future the technology advanced comparing to todays technology in regarding robots. Computer programmer were succeeded to build the program which we can put in the robot, so they understand the robot ethics very well. Robots are behaving like humans. In the future robots can feel like us, so they do not turn against us. In the future I can see every robot in work zone humans are only monitoring them, all the robots are working in the factory beside humans. Humans are controlling them to work for them.

·       Future scenario: I guess this case will leave big impact for future researcher. Because after reading these they will understand the Robots ethics and, they can read all the research so far has been done on the robot and their behavior. In the future the researcher can take these as their notes and can research more about these topics. I guess in the future the researcher will have solution regarding these issues.

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Hw 6 case Question 2

HW6 case Question 2

·       In his 1942 short story 'Runaround', science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov introduced the Three Laws of Robotics — engineering safeguards and built-in ethical principles that he would go on to use in dozens of stories and novels. They were: 1) A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm; 2) A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law; and 3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

·       Fittingly, 'Runaround' is set in 2015. Real-life roboticists are citing Asimov's laws a lot these days: their creations are becoming autonomous enough to need that kind of guidance.

·       In May, a panel talk on driverless cars at the Brookings Institution, a think tank in Washington DC, turned into a discussion about how autonomous vehicles would behave in a crisis. 

·       “We see more and more autonomous or automated systems in our daily life,” said panel participant Karl-Josef Kuhn, an engineer with Siemens in Munich, Germany.

·       Several projects are tackling this challenge, including initiatives funded by the US Office of Naval Research and the UK government's engineering-funding council. 

·        They must address tough scientific questions, such as what kind of intelligence, and how much, is needed for ethical decision-making, and how that can be translated into instructions for a machine.

·       The pace of development is such that these difficulties will soon affect health-care robots, military drones and other autonomous devices capable of making decisions that could help or harm humans. Researchers are increasingly convinced that society's acceptance of such machines will depend on whether they can be programmed to act in ways that maximize safety, fit in with social norms and encourage trust.

·       To teach Nao to navigate such quandaries, the Andersons gave it examples of cases in which bioethicists had resolved conflicts involving autonomy, harm and benefit to a patient.

 ·       How ethical robots are built could have major consequences for the future of robotics, researchers say. Michael Fisher, a computer scientist at the University of Liverpool, UK, thinks that rule-bound systems could be reassuring to the public.

·       By contrast, the machine-learning approach promises robots that can learn from experience, which could ultimately make them more flexible and useful than their more rigidly programmed counterparts. Many roboticists say that the best way forward will be a combination of approaches.

·       Q1) How can robots turned out danger for humans?

Ø  Like, I have seen some movies in their robot, or any kind of technology tried to overpower humans. Example, like someone can give wrong command or can install wrong chip in the robot to turn robots against the world. Scientists says that robots can take charge in the future over human if we do not find any solution for the robots.

·       Q2) What to do if Robots go out of your control?

Ø  First thing you can switch off and unplug the robot. If it is not shutting down than you must break the robot. You must check the robot programming and chip to find out the real problem.

·       Q3) How to find out if the robot following the robot ethics or not?

Ø  If the robot is not listening to us doing what they want. If the robot is talking against human or you. If the robot is not following your command and breaking all the stuff around him. That all thing is against the robot ethic.

·       Q4) What kind of actions we could take against the Robot, if they turned out danger for us?

Ø  The take-home message is clear: as robots become increasingly connected to the internet, and able to respond to natural language, you need to be especially vigilant about figuring out who or what you’re talking to. Because in some cases the robot has start speaking by their own so you should not talk with anyone about your secret in front of robot. Best thing is to find out the problem and dismantle the robot or do something with the robot.

1)    How can you apply deontological ethics (rule-based)  to this case?

·                         You can apply deontological ethics in the case as if the robot the does not follows the robot ethics, the action you will take is not wrong. Because you are taking the action to kill or destroy the robot for the human and the world. So, there is nothing wrong in it.

2)    How can you apply utilitarian ethics (similar to consequentialist ethics) to this case?

·       We can apply this ethics to case as you should not think about the consequences after you take the decision to destroy or kill the robot for betterment of the humans. Because there can be bad consequences, but you should stick to your decision.

3)    How can you apply virtue ethics (character-based) to this case?

·       In this case you cannot judge the character of robot by their work or their help nature. Because I have heard some robot says that in the future, we can see humans as our slaves. You should judge the robot by their doings.

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HW 6 Case Question 1

HW6 case Question 1

·       https://www.nature.com/news/machine-ethics-the-robot-s-dilemma-1.17881

·       In his 1942 short story 'Runaround', science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov introduced the Three Laws of Robotics — engineering safeguards and built-in ethical principles that he would go on to use in dozens of stories and novels.

·       1) A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

·       2) A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

·       3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.

·       In May, a panel talk on driverless cars at the Brookings Institution, a think tank in Washington DC, turned into a discussion about how autonomous vehicles would behave in a crisis.

·       Fittingly, 'Runaround' is set in 2015. Real-life roboticists are citing Asimov's laws a lot these days: their creations are becoming autonomous enough to need that kind of guidance.

·       The pace of development is such that these difficulties will soon affect health-care robots, military drones, and other autonomous devices capable of making decisions that could help or harm humans.

·       Researchers are increasingly convinced that society's acceptance of such machines will depend on whether they can be programmed to act in ways that maximize safety, fit in with social norms and encourage trust.

·       Several projects are tackling this challenge, including initiatives funded by the US Office of Naval Research and the UK government's engineering-funding council. 

·       They must address tough scientific questions, such as what kind of intelligence, and how much, is needed for ethical decision-making, and how that can be translated into instructions for a machine. 

·       Computer scientists, roboticists, ethicists, and philosophers are all pitching in.

·       Q1) How can robots turned out danger for humans?

·       Q2) What to do if Robots go out of your control?

·       Q3) How to find out if the robot following the robot ethics or not?

·       Q4) What kind of actions we could take against the Robot, if they turned out danger for us?

·       Q5) Computer security can relate to robot ethical case. If someone hack the robot via the computer, it can turn out bad. People can misuse the computer to hack any of the robot to give them wrong directions. In some movies I have seen that people use the technology to turn the robot against the world for his or her betterment.

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Notes on Robotics Lecture 04/20/2020

Notes on Robotics Lecture 04/20/2020

·       There are three laws in robot ethics.

·       1) A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

·       2) A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

·       3) A robot must protect its own existence if such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

·       Real steel is best example for the robot’s ethics.

·       The format of the competition is that of a standard Turing test.

·       In each round, a human judge simultaneously holds textual conversation with a computer program and a human being via computer.

·       Intelligent chatbots also considers as robots.

·       The example for that is Combine Siri and Watson.

·       There is a yearly contest for chatbot intelligence.

·       There are books on Robot as well.

·       In May, a panel talk on driverless cars at the Brookings Institution, a think tank in Washington DC, turned into a discussion about how autonomous vehicles would behave in a crisis.

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HW 6 Project

HW 6 Project

·       I am not going to write up the paper for this project.

·       I am going to make the power point presentation.

·       Right now, I am still working on my projects and slides.

·       I am going to add more slides regarding the topics I choose previously in my project.

·       First slide will be about my introduction and the project introduction.

·       All the slide will contain the information about all the ethical topics that I choose previously in my cases.

·       My last case was about the “Beyond the Headlines: RAND’s Christopher Paul Discusses the Russian Firehouse of Falsehood”.

·       That case was about the study on Russian “Firehouse of Falsehood” propaganda model on Dec.7.

·       I am still looking for some more detail on these topics.

·       This topic was very sensitive so there some information available on the web.

·       At the end of the presentation I will also add all the Sites I use for this project.

·       I will work cite all the website regarding my topics and the personal experience.

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HW 5 Case Question 3

HW 5 Question 3

·       The facts of the case: Falsehood, or as Paul put it, “no commitment to objective reality.” Reports sometimes contain a kernel of truth, a distortion of reality, a garnish of actual news—or just complete fiction, doctored photos, and staged events. High volume (hence the term “firehose”), using a wide range of modes and media, from news-media facsimiles like RT (formerly Russia Today), an English-language cable network; to proxy fake-news outlets and armies of paid trolls (provocateurs paid to start arguments, hurl insults, denigrate counterarguments, and pollute discussions on social media and other internet forums). As part of RAND’s ongoing “Beyond the Headlines” series, researcher Christopher Paul discussed his recent study on the Russian “Firehouse of Falsehood” propaganda model on Dec. 7 at the research organization’s Pittsburgh office.

·       Analysis: Paul suggested the Russians were playing a long game focused more on sowing confusion, distrust, division, and discontent among adversaries than on any immediate economic gain for Russia. He summarized the objective by inverting the adage about a rising tide lifting all boats. “A falling tide sinks all boats,” he said. If most sources of information available deserve to be treated with skepticism and distrust, he pointed out, the few trustworthy sources that remain are likely to be discounted, too. Although election campaigns are often muddied with smear and spin, foreign operatives potentially trying to influence American elections deserves a strong and clear response.

·       My conclusions: In the conclusion I would say the whole act happened for the good deed. “Don't try to fight the firehose of falsehood with the squirt gun of truth,” Paul said. “Try to put 'raincoats' on those who will be hit with the firehose.” In other words, it may be possible to inoculate against propaganda by getting good information out in advance of disinformation. No commitment to consistency, though that may seem counterintuitive in relation to conventional wisdom about persuasion. 

·       Future environment: In the future I can see the technology is more advance where I can see people using advanced technology to put out their point directly to people via 3d technology. Now you can do the 3d facetime, in which on the other side of phone they will see you front of you. If your handshake from one end, your friend can feel that on other end via advanced 3d technology.

·       Future scenario: This ethical case will help people to understand the importance of the important message. This will help people to learn how you can analyze on of the great event that happened in one of the countries. This will help people to understand if you come in this kind of situation at that time how to react and what to do. How to stop the matter getting wrong.

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HW 5 Case Question 2

HW 5 Case Question 2

·       High volume (hence the term “firehose”), using a wide range of modes and media, from news-media facsimiles like RT (formerly Russia Today), an English-language cable network; to proxy fake-news outlets and armies of paid trolls (provocateurs paid to start arguments, hurl insults, denigrate counterarguments, and pollute discussions on social media and other internet forums).

·       A massive, ingenious, and concerning campaign of propaganda has been pumping westward for years, supporting the Russian agenda in Ukraine and Syria and likely attempting to influence the recent U.S. presidential election, said Paul, a senior social scientist at RAND.

·       Falsehood, or as Paul put it, “no commitment to objective reality.” Reports sometimes contain a kernel of truth, a distortion of reality, a garnish of actual news—or just complete fiction, doctored photos, and staged events.

·       “The question that drove our research,” Paul said, was “Why does this work?” It's intuitive to assume that “credibility is king. But no—volume is associated with persuasiveness,” the researcher said. 

·       It's not always the quality of information, but the sheer quantity that equates to believability, and the source. “The most persuasive thing—always, anywhere—is to hear something from someone like you,” he said.

·       Paul suggested the Russians were playing a long game focused more on sowing confusion, distrust, division, and discontent among adversaries than on any immediate economic gain for Russia.

·       Although election campaigns are often muddied with smear and spin, foreign operatives potentially trying to influence American elections deserves a strong and clear response.

·       “Don't try to fight the firehose of falsehood with the squirtgun of truth,” Paul said. “Try to put 'raincoats' on those who will be hit with the firehose.” In other words, it may be possible to inoculate against propaganda by getting good information out in advance of disinformation.

·       Sowing confusion can be a prelude to strong action. “The playing space has changed,” Paul said. “We've got to defend the rules.”

·       1) What was the reason behind the campaign?

·       We characterize the contemporary Russian model for propaganda as “the firehose of falsehood” because of two of its distinctive features: high numbers of channels and messages and a shameless willingness to disseminate partial truths or outright fictions. In the words of one observer, “New Russian propaganda entertains, confuses and overwhelms the audience.

·       2) Who supported and who don’t support the campaign?

·       Russian propaganda is produced in incredibly large volumes and is broadcast or otherwise distributed via a large number of channels. Some of the Political leader were against these systems.

·       3) Who was Paul and why he was interested in campaign?

·       Paul was the researcher and gave the brief notes on the Russian “Firehouse of Falsehood”. Paul was the one who brings out the truth and discuss the point briefly.

·       4) How does Election take a part in the campaign?

·       Russia has taken advantage of technology and available media in ways that would have been inconceivable during the Cold War. Contemporary Russian propaganda is continuous and very responsive to events. Due to their lack of commitment to objective reality (discussed later), Russian propagandists do not need to wait to check facts or verify claims; they just disseminate an interpretation of emergent events that appears to best favor their themes and objectives. 

1) How can you apply deontological ethics (rule-based)     to this case?

We apply these ethics as; the whole topic was to do the     right thing for the ethics and help people. And the whole thing was done     in certain rules, none of the rules were broken.

2) How can you apply utilitarian ethics (similar     to consequentialist ethics)     to this case?

When they broadcast the whole things, they never     thought about the consequences about their actions. Because after the     broadcast so many things took place regarding the topic.

3) How can you apply virtue ethics (character-based)     to this case?

·       The one ethic here I can apply is Integrity, because they broadcast the whole thing for the betterment of the Russia. Their intention was good but because few assumptions it took in different manner.

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HW 5 Case Question 1

HW 5 Case Question 1

·       https://www.rand.org/blog/2016/12/beyond-the-headlines-rands-christopher-paul-discusses.html

·       As part of RAND’s ongoing “Beyond the Headlines” series, researcher Christopher Paul discussed his recent study on the Russian “Firehouse of Falsehood” propaganda model on Dec.7 at the research organization’s Pittsburgh office.

·       A massive, ingenious, and concerning campaign of propaganda has been pumping westward for years, supporting the Russian agenda in Ukraine and Syria and likely attempting to influence the recent U.S. presidential election, said Paul, a senior social scientist at RAND.

·       High volume (hence the term “firehose”), using a wide range of modes and media, from news-media facsimiles like RT (formerly Russia Today), an English-language cable network.

·       Rapidity and continuousness, spreading virally via myriad channels around the clock.

·       No commitment to consistency, though that may seem counterintuitive in relation to conventional wisdom about persuasion.

·       While this extensive disinformation apparatus is primarily aimed at the domestic Russian audience, it is also employed against the West, including reported efforts to interfere in the recent U.S. 

·       The Russian disinformation pipeline exploits both of those tools, and it delivers its stream first, another important advantage, Paul noted.

·       The goal may not have been to boost one candidate over another but just to “create a little mayhem,” Paul said, by seeking to undermine U.S. democracy, or create a closer, more contested, and less legitimate election.

·       Although election campaigns are often muddied with smear and spin, foreign operatives potentially trying to influence American elections deserves a strong and clear response.

·       1) What was the reason behind the campaign?

·       2) Who supported and who don’t support the campaign?

·       3) Who was Paul and why he was interested in campaign?

·       4) How does Election take a part in the campaign?

·       5) The computer can take this campaign to another level. Some people can misuse the computer to increase the matter about the campaign for there benefit by spreading false rumor about the campaign to encourage people to fight. Because some people wants to take the campaign in another direction for their benefit. People can also misguide people by hacking into the campaign website and putting wrong information about the campaign.

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Last Lecture

Your name: Divyajitsinh Mahida

1. The video was intended as life advice to whom?

To those who are on the deathbed or who are not trusting there self.

2. List the advice items that you/your group can recall below. (Many, but not all, are related to ethics.) For each, note whether you agree or not.

1) Someone should criticize your work, because that makes you perfect and i agree with that.

2) If you want to fulfill your dream, you have to be perfect and hardworking and i agree with that. 

3) Experience is what you get when you didn’t  get what you want. I agree with that.

4) it’s cool to meet your boyhood idol, I agree with that. Because that inspires you.

5) Being a imagineer, i agree with that.

6) If you dream then your dream will fulfill. 

7) Just focus on what you want to do, and your hard worker will help you to succeed in your task. 

8) I agree with all the advice and statements. 

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HW 5 Project

HW 5 Project

·       For this project I am not writing the paper.

·       I am going to make the power point presentation with all the topics.

·       For the term project I am going to make different slides regarding different topics.

·       In first five slides I will describe and point out all my important topics.

·       In rest of the slides I will describe all the topics with their explanation.

·       In those slides I will indicate how all the chosen topics are related to ethics.

·       In some of the past project I was planning to gather more information which I did.

·       In some of the project I am going to take in person interview.

·       I am taking in person interview because I want to know that feeling and experience.

·       So, I can show that percentage of emotion in my slides.

·       One of the topics is related to my family.

·       So, that’s why I was planning to take the interview for my project.

·       I am waiting because the person I want take interview is not available right now.

·       In the last I will also attach the photos of the person.

·       I will also attach all the links.

·       Now, I have enough information about regarding all my ethical topics but waiting on some specialist comments.

·       Right now, I am done with half of my slides.

·       Right now, I am waiting on some information as well.

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HW 4 Question 3

HW 4 case Question 3

·       The facts of the cases: The case is all about how teacher should believe in the code of the ethics. The teacher code of ethics involves codes like, you must never discuss private information about colleagues unless disclosure is required by law. You might be called upon to train student teachers as they prepare to serve as educators, so positive attitude and a team-centered mindset can make all the difference. All, the teacher should follow code of ethics. A professional code of conduct demands attentiveness to continuing education requirements and career development.

·       Analysis: You must research new teaching methods, attend classes to maintain your certification, consult colleagues for professional advice, participate in curriculum improvement and stay up to date on technical advancements for the classroom. If one of your teachers does not follow code of ethics, then you should take some serious actions against them. It’s teacher duty to ensure that your teaching methods are fresh, relevant comprehensive. Always avoid gossip, including false or mean-spirited comments about coworkers.

·       My conclusions: I support all the code of ethics for teacher. If all our teachers follow these codes of ethics it would be great for us. If teachers don’t follow all or one of the code of ethics it can mess-up the whole environment of the class. In my opinion, to maintain healthy environment in the class and school, all the teacher should follow code of ethics for teachers. Part of the code of ethics requires you to cooperate with fellow teachers, parents and administrators to create an atmosphere that’s conducive to learning.

·       Future environment: If I think about the future technology, where I can see teacher teaching us with hologram effects. Technology like they are at there home and we are at out but still with the help of hologram technology you can see them in front of you as a person. This way the future of the technology will change and will also save the traveling time of students and teachers. We already have hologram but, in the future, we must be more advance regarding to technology.

·       Future scenario:  The case I choose will help teacher in the future to understand the code of ethics for teachers. Students will also have knowledge about the teacher code of ethics. Teacher will keep the better environment in the future after learning all the code of ethics. The education system will be easier to understand if all the teacher understand the code of ethics in the future.

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HW 4 Case Question 2

HW 4 Question 2

·       Teachers help students learn the academic basics, but they also teach valuable life lessons by setting a positive example.

·       As role models, teachers must follow a professional code of ethics.

·       This ensures that students receive a fair, honest and uncompromising education.

·       A professional code of ethics outlines teachers’ main responsibilities to their students and defines their role in students’ lives.

·       Above all, teachers must demonstrate integrity, impartiality and ethical behavior in the classroom and in their conduct with parents and coworkers.

·       Teacher must model strong character traits, such as perseverance, honesty, respect, lawfulness, patience, fairness, responsibility and unity.

·       As a teacher, you must treat every student with kindness, equality and respect, without showing favoritism, prejudice or partiality.

·       You must maintain confidentiality unless a situation warrants involvement from parents, school administration or law enforcement, and never use relationship with students for personal gain.

·       Your classroom should promote safety, security and acceptance, always avoiding any form of bullying, hostility, dishonesty, neglect or offensive conduct.

·       A professional code of conduct demands attentiveness to continuing education requirements and career development.

·       Teachers must wholly commit to the teaching profession.

·       It’s your responsibility to design lesson plans to met state standards and create a well – rounded education plan that appeals to a wide range of learners.

·       In addition to fostering healthy relationship with students, teachers must build strong relationship with parents, school staff, colleagues in the community.

·       Teachers must engage in educational research to continuously improve their teaching strategies.

·       Q1 – What to do when the teacher does not follow the code of ethics?

Ø  If you feel that one of your teachers is not following code of ethics, you should complain that to your principle or the higher authority. You can also talk with your teacher about it. You can make the student union to support your point as well.

·       Q2 – How to find out that teacher is following the code of ethics?

Ø  If one of your teachers favoring one student over everyone, that is sign of not following the code. If your teacher is not attending all the classes, not paying attention in the class that is sign as well.

·       Q3 – What type of actions you should take if one of your teachers not follows the code of ethics?

Ø  If one of your teachers does not follows the code of ethics, you should let them know and raise your voice against that as well.

·       Q4 – How to honor your teacher if they follow the code of ethics?

Ø  If your teacher is following code of ethics, then you should appreciate them. You should give them round of applause and respect them as well. You should give them flowers and gift to make them feel proud.

1)    How can you apply deontological ethics (rule-based) to this case?

Ø  If the teacher does not follows the teacher ethics for good consequences, example like if he know that you receive the bad grades but he also know that you receive the bad grades because of specific reason and he gave you C instead of F in the exam that is best example of deontological ethics.

2)    How can you apply utilitarian ethics (similar to consequentialist ethics) to this case?

Ø  If the teacher does not follow the code of ethics for betterment of his student, then there will be the outcomes of the consequences. Maybe someone file a complaint against him. This is the example of utilitarian ethics in teacher code of ethics.

3)    How can you apply virtue ethics (character-based) to this case?

Ø  If the teacher follows the code of ethics right way to encourage their students, then that is the example of virtue ethics of teacher code of ethics.

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HW 4 Case Question 1

HW 4 case Question 1

·       I am going to choose code of ethics for Teachers.

·       I am using this website https://www.education.gov.gy/web/index.php/teachers/tips-for-teaching/item/2738-professional-code-of-ethics-for-teachers

·       Teachers help students learn the academic basics.

·       Should teach valuable lesson to students.

·       As role models, teachers must follow professional code of ethics.

·       The teachers should ensure that students receive honest and fair answers.

·       Teachers should help their students without any grudges.

·       Should not led their student to wrong directions.

·       Teacher should lead their student in right directions.

·       Teacher should give right directions and right educations to their students.

·       Teacher should not favor any student in any matter.

·       Teacher should give every student equal position.

·       Q1 – What to do when the teacher does not follow the code of ethics?

·       Q2 – How to find out that teacher is following the code of ethics?

·       Q3 – What type of actions you should take if one of your teachers not follows the code of ethics?

·       Q4 – How to honor your teacher if they follow the code of ethics?

·       Q5 – The computer hacking can be related to this topic. Any of your teacher can misuse the computer to manipulate student grade. Or one of the students can also hack into teacher’s computer to change their Grade. So, teacher should protect their computer from these hackers.

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HW 4 Project

HW 4 project

·       For the term project I am not writing the paper.

·       Instead of writing the paper I am making the power point.

·       The power point will contain different slides.

·       All the slides will have enough information about the different ethical cases.

·       So far, I have three different ethical cases information.

·       The ethical cases include My personal experience, Dr Rahul case and work ethics.

·       I am still gathering some important information about those cases.

·       Right now, I have already thought about my 4th ethical case.

·       Which I am soon going to include in my power point.

·       I am also going to take interview of my family about their life ethical cases.

·       Because personally I want to put one of them ethical case.

·       I am also researching on one of the interesting ethical case which choose earlier.

·       I was not able to get that much information then, but after lots of researching I have some important information to include in my power point.

·       There some website of mine chosen ethical cases.

·       https://ori.hhs.gov/content/case-summary-agrawal-rahul

·       https://ethics.org.au/moral-injury-is-a-new-test-for-employers/

·       These two websites are of my two of the ethical cases.

·       And the third one is on my family, so there is no website or link.

·       Right now, I am already done with 15 slides.

·       Mine plan to add some more so people can understand my point very well.

·       I am not doing this project with any group.

·       I am still gathering some important information.

·       After all cases, I will be able to complete my power point presentation.

[dkppm]

Ethical codes of class session of 03/16/2020

Ethical codes for class session of 03/16/2020

·       “Code of ethics for siblings”

·       First should be support each other when one of you in the danger.

·       The younger child should have some power to speak.

·       The older one should not overpower younger one.

·       The older sibling has the power to decide the victor in each battle.

·       Siblings may dislike each other but they cannot hate.

·       Parents also listens to younger brother.

·       Older one is not smart every time.

·       The older one always lies.

·       But the older one always supports the younger one.

·       The younger one loves the older one.

·       When the parent or guardian appears at the scuffle, both siblings must prevent punishment in almost any way possible

·       Both should get punish for their mistake.

·       Don’t punish only the younger one.

[dkppm]

Notes on lecture of 03/15/2020

Notes on lecture of 03/15/2020

·       In this session we talk about the HW3 case Question 3.

·       We talk about the deadlines.

·       Then we talk about the next HW project.

·       The Next HW 4 project is on the ethical case as well.

·       Talk about the group discussion project.

·       The next group discussion project is today’s assignment this time.

·       Talked about codes of ethics.

·       Code of ethics is set up rules which applies to ethics.

·       The ACM has one of its own.

·       The ACM codes includes Contribution to society, avoid harm to others, be honest and truthful and Give proper credit for intellectual property.

·       They are elements of the rules, most define your character.

·       Then we talk about all the ACM codes with their explanation.

·       Talked about computer ethics institution.  There are ten of them.

·       Ten commandments of ten ethics

·       Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.

·       All the computer ethics are truthful and helps the humankind to understand the importance of the computer ethics.

·       These all can be example of virtual ethics as well.

·       We talked about code of thieves’ ethics.

·       Thieves ethics says they are not murderer, don’t kill them for humankind.

·       Then we talked about tennis codes of ethics.

·       That includes to be fair in the tennis game.

·       We talked about outdoor ethical code.

·       Which includes to keep the stuff clean around you.

·       Talked about different codes of ethics.

·       Then we discuss all the different codes of ethics briefly.

·       Some of them really amaze me.

[dkppm]

HW3 case question 3

HW3 case Question 3

The fact of the cases: Dr. Rahul Agrawal (Respondent), former visiting fellow at the Center for Cancer Research, Laboratory of Pathology, Cancer Molecular Pathology Section, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, engaged in research misconduct in research supported by the Intramural Research Program of NCI, NIH.  have his research supervised for a period of one (1) year beginning on August 8, 2019; Respondent agreed that prior to the submission of an application for U.S. Public Health Service (PHS) support for a research project on which Respondent’s participation is proposed and prior to Respondent’s participation in any capacity on PHS-supported research, Respondent shall ensure that a plan for supervision of Respondent’s duties is submitted to ORI for approval. Respondent agreed that he shall not participate in any PHS-supported research until such a supervision plan is submitted to and approved by ORI; Respondent agreed to maintain responsibility for compliance with the agreed upon supervision plan. that for a period of one (1) year beginning on August 8, 2019, any institution employing him shall submit, in conjunction with each application for PHS funds, or report, manuscript, or abstract involving PHS-supported research in which Respondent is involved, a certification to ORI that the data provided by Respondent are based on actual experiments or are otherwise legitimately derived and that the data, procedures, and methodology are accurately reported in the application, report, manuscript, or abstract. to exclude himself from serving in any advisory capacity to PHS including, but not limited to, service on any PHS advisory committee, board, and/or peer review committee, or as a consultant for a period of one (1) year beginning on August 8, 2019.

Analysis: That if no supervisory plan is provided to ORI, Respondent shall provide certification to ORI at the conclusion of the supervision period that he has not engaged in, applied for, or had his name included on any application, proposal, or other request for PHS funds without prior notification to ORI. So, the Dr. Rahul took the permission from the ORI to continue his mission. He wanted to start this mission earlier but because of late response from the organizers, he started his mission late. a committee of 2-3 senior faculty members at the institution who are familiar with Respondent’s field of research, but not including Respondent’s supervisor or collaborators, will provide oversight and guidance for one (1) year beginning on August 8, 2019. He was also researching on the heart issues. He is specialist for heart surgery. the committee will conduct an advance review of any PHS grant applications (including supplements, resubmissions, etc.), manuscripts reporting PHS-funded research submitted for publication, and abstracts; the review will include a discussion with Respondent of the primary data represented in those documents and will include a certification to ORI that the data presented in the proposed application/publication is supported by the research record.

Conclusions: After reading this case, I would conclude that Dr. Rahul was a gem of a person. He started this mission only and only to help people who needs help. He like to do volunteering for people who needs help. inserting falsified and/or fabricated CT values in fifty-four (54) files that originated from one (1) Excel template with a single file creation date to represent distinct experimental runs with different experimental dates in exported Excel files from the PCR machine. to exclude himself from serving in any advisory capacity to PHS including, but not limited to, service on any PHS advisory committee, board, and/or peer review committee, or as a consultant for a period of one (1) year beginning on August 8, 2019.

Future environment: So, if I see this mission in the future with advanced technology. I can see this kind of mission is getting more popular in the society with use of advanced technology. People who needs help can click one button and specific type of volunteer would be there any minute. So, this kind of app we can make in the future, who helps people. This way who like to volunteer they will also get chance.

Future scenario: In this future this case will become the example who don’t pay attention to volunteering. Somehow, I think this can also become inspiration in the future as well. The people who like to be volunteering, who are interested in the volunteering. This case is the best inspiration and example for those people. This will give best and positive vibes in the future as well.