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Best Immunotherapy for Cancer in Dehradun

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Which Types of Cancer Can Be Treated with Chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used and effective treatments for cancer. It involves the use of powerful drugs that destroy rapidly dividing cancer cells. While it can be used alone, chemotherapy is often combined with other treatments like surgery, radiation, or immunotherapy.

1. Brain and Central Nervous System Cancers

Examples: Glioblastoma, medulloblastoma

Chemotherapy is used either after surgery or when radiation isn't effective. Certain drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier to treat brain tumors.

2. Head and Neck Cancers

Examples: Oral cavity, throat (pharynx), larynx, nasal cavity cancers

Often used before or after radiation therapy to shrink tumors and reduce recurrence.

3. Breast Cancer

Chemotherapy is commonly used in early-stage, locally advanced, or metastatic breast cancer.

Given before (neoadjuvant) or after surgery (adjuvant) and especially useful in triple-negative and HER2-positive cancers.

4. Lung Cancer

Examples: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

SCLC almost always requires chemotherapy. NSCLC may be treated with chemo along with targeted therapy or immunotherapy.

5. Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancers

Examples: Esophageal, stomach, colorectal, pancreatic, liver cancers

Chemotherapy is vital in many GI cancers either before surgery to shrink the tumor or after to prevent recurrence.

6. Leukemia

A blood cancer where chemotherapy is the primary treatment.

Examples: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic leukemias

Often requires multiple cycles of chemo and sometimes a stem cell transplant.

7. Lymphoma

Cancer of the lymphatic system.

Examples: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Usually treated with combination chemotherapy regimens like ABVD, CHOP, etc.

8. Ovarian and Cervical Cancer

Chemotherapy plays a major role in treating advanced-stage ovarian cancer.

In cervical cancer, it's often combined with radiation (chemoradiation).

9. Prostate and Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer responds extremely well to chemotherapy, often leading to cure even in advanced stages.

In prostate cancer, chemotherapy is used mainly for advanced or resistant cases.

10. Childhood Cancers

Examples: Neuroblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma

Chemotherapy is the backbone of treatment in many pediatric cancers due to their aggressive growth patterns.

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Which Types of Cancer Can Be Treated with Immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy has emerged as a revolutionary treatment in modern oncology, using the power of the body’s own immune system to fight cancer. While not all cancers respond to immunotherapy, several major and rare cancers have shown significant benefits with this approach.

What Is Immunotherapy?

Immunotherapy involves using medicines or biological agents to stimulate or restore the immune system’s natural ability to detect and destroy cancer cells. It works differently from chemotherapy or radiation, targeting immune checkpoints or enhancing immune cells to attack cancer more precisely.

Types of Cancer Commonly Treated with Immunotherapy

1. Lung Cancer

Immunotherapy is now a standard treatment for both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Drugs like pembrolizumab and nivolumab help improve survival by blocking PD-1 or PD-L1 proteins, which cancer uses to hide from the immune system.

2. Melanoma (Skin Cancer)

Melanoma is one of the first cancers where immunotherapy showed dramatic success. Checkpoint inhibitors, like ipilimumab and nivolumab, have significantly improved outcomes, even in advanced cases.

3. Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)

Kidney cancer often responds well to immunotherapy, especially when combined with targeted therapies. Drugs such as nivolumab and avelumab are commonly used in advanced stages.

4. Bladder Cancer

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is an early form of immunotherapy used directly in the bladder. Additionally, checkpoint inhibitors are now used for advanced or metastatic bladder cancer.

5. Head and Neck Cancers

Immunotherapy is effective in treating recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, especially when standard treatments like chemotherapy have failed.

6. Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

Drugs like atezolizumab (in combination with bevacizumab) are FDA-approved for liver cancer treatment and show promise in extending patient survival.

7. Colorectal Cancer

Immunotherapy is especially effective in colorectal cancers with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR). These genetic features make the tumor more recognizable to the immune system.

8. Esophageal and Gastric Cancers

Checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being used for esophageal and stomach cancers, especially when PD-L1 levels are high or the disease is in an advanced stage.

9. Breast Cancer

While not all breast cancers respond to immunotherapy, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has shown positive results with immunotherapy, particularly when combined with chemotherapy.

10. Cervical Cancer

Patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer may benefit from immunotherapy, especially when the tumor expresses PD-L1. Agents like pembrolizumab are often used.

11. Prostate Cancer

While prostate cancer is generally less responsive to immunotherapy, ongoing trials are showing promise in certain patients, especially when combined with other treatments.

12. Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is more resistant to immunotherapy, but research is underway. Select patients with MSI-H mutations may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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Best Oncology Surgeon in Dehradun

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Head and Neck Cancer Surgeon in Dehradun

head and neck cancer surgeon in Dehradun, Dr. Ajeet Tiwari stands out as a leading name in the field.

About Dr. Ajeet Tiwari

Dr. Ajeet Tiwari is a renowned cancer surgeon with specialization in head and neck oncology. With years of experience and training in surgical oncology, he has treated hundreds of patients suffering from cancers of the mouth, throat, voice box, salivary glands, sinuses, and neck lymph nodes.

He is known for his precise surgical skills, patient-centered approach, and dedication to delivering the best oncological outcomes while preserving function and appearance.

Why Choose Dr. Ajeet Tiwari for Head and Neck Cancer?

Specialized Expertise: Dr. Ajeet Tiwari is trained in advanced surgical techniques specifically tailored for complex head and neck cancers.

Comprehensive Cancer Care: He works with a team of medical oncologists, radiation specialists, and rehabilitation experts to provide holistic cancer care under one roof.

Minimally Invasive Surgery: Whenever possible, Dr. Tiwari adopts minimally invasive and organ-preserving procedures that offer faster recovery and better quality of life.

Patient-Focused Approach: Every patient receives a personalized treatment plan, compassionate care, and constant support throughout their cancer journey.

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Symptoms of Throat Cancer

Throat cancer symptoms can vary depending on the specific type and location (like the voice box, vocal cords, or throat lining).

Common Symptoms of Throat Cancer:

Persistent sore throat – doesn’t go away with time or medication

Hoarseness or voice changes – especially if it lasts more than 2 weeks

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) – feeling like something is stuck

A lump or swelling in the neck

Unexplained weight loss

Ear pain – especially one-sided, without ear infection

Chronic cough – sometimes with blood (hemoptysis)

Breathing difficulty or noisy breathing

Bad breath (persistent and unexplained)

Numbness or pain in the mouth or tongue

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Colorectal cancer Treatment

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Immunotherapy in Dehradun

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Cancer Surgeon in Dehradun

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Best Oncologist in Dehradun

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Gallbladder Cancer : Symptoms, Treatment

Gallbladder cancer, though relatively rare, poses a significant medical challenge due to its often asymptomatic nature until advanced stages. Emerging primarily in the inner lining of the gallbladder, it tends to metastasize swiftly, complicating treatment options and prognosis.

Risk Factors

Gallstones: Presence of gallstones increases the risk significantly.

Age and gender: Gallbladder cancer is more common in people over 65 and is more prevalent in women.

Symptoms

Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right side

Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

Unexplained weight loss

Nausea and vomiting

Fever

Itchy skin

Treatment

Surgery: Removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) may be recommended if the cancer is detected early.

Chemotherapy: Drugs may be used to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors before or after surgery.

Radiation therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and destroy cancer cells.

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What is Cancer , Treatment , Symptoms, Prevention

Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells grow uncontrollably and invade nearby tissues. These cells can spread to different parts of the body through the blood and lymphatic system. Cancer can start in any part of the body and may form tumors (solid masses) or affect blood cells

Symptoms of Cancer

Cancer symptoms vary depending on the type and stage. However, common symptoms include:

🛑 Unexplained Weight Loss – Losing weight without trying. 🛑 Persistent Fatigue – Extreme tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest. 🛑 Lumps or Swelling – Unusual lumps in the breast, neck, or other body parts. 🛑 Changes in Skin – Darkening, yellowing, or redness of the skin, new moles, or non-healing sores. 🛑 Chronic Pain – Persistent pain that doesn’t have a clear cause. 🛑 Difficulty Swallowing or Digestive Issues – Trouble eating or persistent indigestion. 🛑 Abnormal Bleeding – Blood in urine, stool, or unexpected bleeding from any body part.

Cancer Treatments

Treatment depends on the type, stage, and location of cancer. The main treatments include:

1️⃣ Surgery

Removes the tumor or affected area.

Used in cancers like breast, lung, and colon cancer.

2️⃣ Chemotherapy

Uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.

Commonly used for blood cancers (leukemia, lymphoma) and solid tumors.

3️⃣ Radiation Therapy

High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells.

Often used for brain tumors, prostate, and cervical cancer.

4️⃣ Immunotherapy (Advanced Treatment)

Boosts the body's immune system to fight cancer.

Effective for melanoma, lung cancer, and bladder cancer.

5️⃣ Targeted Therapy

Uses drugs that specifically target cancer cells without harming normal cells.

Works for cancers with specific genetic mutations.

6️⃣ Hormone Therapy

Blocks hormones that fuel cancers like breast and prostate cancer.

7️⃣ Stem Cell/Bone Marrow Transplant

Used for blood cancers like leukemia to replace damaged bone marrow.

Cancer Prevention: How to Lower Your Risk?

Although not all cancers can be prevented, lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk:

✔️ Quit Smoking – Smoking causes lung, throat, and mouth cancer. ✔️ Eat a Healthy Diet – Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid processed meats. ✔️ Exercise Regularly – Stay active to maintain a healthy weight. ✔️ Limit Alcohol – Excessive drinking increases the risk of liver, breast, and throat cancer. ✔️ Protect Yourself from the Sun – Use sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. ✔️ Get Vaccinated – HPV and Hepatitis B vaccines help prevent cervical and liver cancer. ✔️ Get Regular Screenings – Mammograms, colonoscopies, and Pap tests help detect cancer early.