While working toward her doctor of medicine from the Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Dr. Rachel Ash-Bernal concurrently undertook PhD-level studies in molecular neurovirology at Hahnemann University. She also completed the Gorgas Course in Tropical Medicine at Cayetano Heredia University in Lima, Peru. She went on to complete extensive postgraduate work in areas that relate to cardiology and both internal and emergency medicine. Living and working in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, Dr. Rachel Ash-Bernal serves as a locum tenens internal medicine hospitalist and critical care physician with Medical Doctor Associates (MDA) and a locum tenens cardiologist with both MDA and Barton Associates. In addition to treating patients directly, Dr. Rachel Ash-Bernal has served leading roles in several clinical studies. The results of her research has appeared in peer-reviewed publications that include the American Journal of Cardiology, Medicine and Acta Oto-Laryngologica. Dr. Ash-Bernal has also presented abstracts and posters at gatherings such as regional meetings of the American College of Physicians and the annual meeting of the American Society of Echocardiography. In her free time, Dr. Rachel Ash-Bernal enjoys connecting with the great outdoors. Her interests include backcountry hiking, whitewater kayaking, and motorcycle riding.
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A Review of Methemoglobinemia Cases

A Myrtle Beach, South Carolina cardiologist, Dr. Rachel Ash-Bernal is board certified in internal medicine and cardiovascular disease. Among Dr. Rachel Ash-Bernal areas of research is the acquisition of methemoglobinemia from medications used in the hospital. A form of hemoglobin, methemoglobin does not bind oxygen. As a result, an elevated concentration of methemoglobin in red blood cells results in potential tissue hypoxia (a shortage of oxygen) and functional anemia. A retrospective case series describes cases of acquired methemoglobinemia in two hospitals and outpatient clinics over 28 months. Over this period, researchers detected 138 cases of acquired methemoglobinemia in patients ranging in age from four days to 86 years. Cases showed no gender predisposition, and they occurred in multiple areas of the hospital. Nearly all (94 percent) patients with methemoglobinemia were anemic, while 42 percent of cases were attributable to the prescription drug Dapsone, commonly prescribed in hospital settings. Among these 42 percent, the average peak methemoglobin level was 7.6 percent. In 11 pediatric patients, methemoglobinemia developed from exogenous exposure or as a result of an illness such as a gastrointestinal infection with dehydration.
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