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aus dem Archiv (two in one is the beginning of every multiplicity)

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Das durchleuchtete Ich: Der Rorschachtest wurde nur 26 Jahre nach der Entdeckung der ersten Röntgenstrahlen entwickelt.

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Muskelpflanzen: Als sich die Medizin aus der Biologie heraus entwickelte… (Casserius im Museum für medizinhistorische Bücher, Muri)

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Spiegeltest

Ein Drittel der Graugänse schaut beim Spiegeltest hinter den Spiegel. https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/konrad-lorenz-die-zwei-gesichter-des-geaensevaters-dlf-07a558c6-100.html ab 11:40

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Rather than focusing on a unitary measure of intelligence, such as a standardized intelligence quotient (IQ), Chick emphasizes that different species may have different forms of intelligence. Dolphins, for example, may have a refined “auditory-musical” intelligence. One is reminded here of the anthropologist and physician team of Doris Jonas and David Jonas, who suggest in Other Senses, Other Worlds that alien intelligence dependent on sensory modalities unlike those of humans may have radically different ways of experiencing and conceptualizing their worlds. Similar ideas have been a staple of science fiction as well. Naomi Mitchison’s Memoirs of a Spacewoman, for example, suggests that radially symmetrical intelligence—in this case brainy starfish—might possess a multimodal logic to match their morphologies, while bilaterally symmetrical species, such as humans, are more prone to view the world in terms of simple dichotomies. (…) Similarly, the intentional signals already sent from Earth to other civilizations as streams of ones and zeros may highlight the human capacity to think in terms of dualisms.

– Archaeology, Anthropology and Interstellar Communication, NASA, 2014

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How the concept of ego challenges the environment – the iceberg metaphor by Sigmund Freud …

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Glückforschung: Gleich­gewicht zwischen Egozentrismus und Allozentrismus

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Die NASA wird im Oktober eine Sonde zum Jupitersystem schicken. Dieses Mal soll sie wieder eine Botschaft mit sich tragen. Denn unter der eisigen Oberfläche des Jupitermonds Europa wird ein flüssiger Ozean vermutet, der Leben beherbergen könnte. Doch wie wäre die Vorstellung – inspiriert von Lems Solaris –, in der das Meer selbst das Lebewesen ist?

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"Marvin Minsky argues that certain basic capacities and characteristics will be typical of any intelligent being: these include self-awareness; problemsolving capacity; analytical skills; and the abilities to describe the world, explain phenomena, accumulate and exchange information, allocate scarce resources, and plan ahead."

aus: Archaeology, Anthropology and Interstellar Communication, NASA, 2014

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"Personal names are a universal feature of human language, yet few analogues exist in other species. While dolphins and parrots address conspecifics by imitating the calls of the addressee, human names are not imitations of the sounds typically made by the named individual. Labelling objects or individuals without relying on imitation of the sounds made by the referent radically expands the expressive power of language. Thus, if non-imitative name analogues were found in other species, this could have important implications for our understanding of language evolution. Here we present evidence that wild African elephants address one another with individually specific calls, probably without relying on imitation of the receiver. We used machine learning to demonstrate that the receiver of a call could be predicted from the call’s acoustic structure, regardless of how similar the call was to the receiver’s vocalizations. Moreover, elephants differentially responded to playbacks of calls originally addressed to them relative to calls addressed to a different individual. Our findings offer evidence for individual addressing of conspecifics in elephants. They further suggest that, unlike other non-human animals, elephants probably do not rely on imitation of the receiver’s calls to address one another." _ Quelle: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-024-02420-w