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Digital Transformation Drives Development in Africa
(World Bank, 2024)
CHALLENGE
Accessible, Affordable, and Inclusive Broadband
The availability and use of digital technologies are strongly linked to economic growth, innovation, job creation, and inclusion, at both the national and regional levels. Sub-Saharan Africa, however, still faces significant challenges in digital development.
The region’s digital infrastructure coverage, access, and quality still lag other regions. At the end of 2021, while 84 percent of people in SSA lived in areas where 3G service was available, and 63 percent had access to 4G mobile coverage, only 22 percent were using mobile internet services. The gap between coverage and usage is similarly large for broadband, with 61 percent of people in sub-Saharan Africa living within broadband range but not using it.
Affordability of mobile connectivity, measured by the price of one gigabyte (GB) of mobile data, is another major constraint. In 2019, the average cost of one GB of mobile internet as a percentage of monthly per-capita Gross National Income (GNI) was 10.5 percent, which is considerably higher than the 2 percent target recommended by the United Nations Broadband Commission. In addition, in 2021, the median cost of an entry-level internet-enabled handset amounted to more than 25.2 percent of monthly gross domestic product per capita.
The region has one of the widest digital gender gaps globally. The greatest disparity exists for internet use, where women are 37 percent less likely than men to use mobile internet according to 2023 GSMA data.
In 2021, around 470 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa did not have proof of ID, preventing them from fully benefiting from critical public and some private services.
Source: https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2024/01/18/digital-transformation-drives-development-in-afe-afw-africa

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Digital Infraustructure in Africa
(UNECA, 2023) United Nations Economic Commission For Africa
Affordability of broadband services is crucial for engendering internet connectivity, which is positively correlated with expansion of digital trade (see above sections). The price of broadband has fallen over time, but huge disparities persist —particularly across countries and regions with different incomes. Based on this, the Broadband Commission7 has a goal of making entry-level broadband services available in developing countries for less than 2% of monthly gross national income per capita by 2025 (Broadband Commission, 2022).
Africa has the least affordable broadband services relative to income among world regions, and few African countries have met the target for broadband affordability (figures 8 and 9). Although affordability of the mobile broadband is particularly relevant due to its prevalence in the region, in 2021, only five African countries met the 2% target through mobile broadband, and none met the target through fixed broadband (which tends to cost more).
Source: https://repository.uneca.org/handle/10855/5002
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What would inclusive digitalization cost in developing economies?
Achieving a digital transformation that includes and benefits everyone is projected to cost $5.6 trillion annually from 2023 to 2030 for the 48 developing economies studied, equal to 18% of their combined GDP.
Per person, the annual cost comes to $1,231 to achieve goals such as universal digital connectivity and internet use, widespread access to banking and financial services, and higher value-added manufacturing.
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