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Battle of Tannenberg

Background and Set-Up of the Battle As the initial stages of World War 1 unfolded, the Eastern Front, dominated by Russia and Germany, poised itself for significant combat. After declaring war on Germany, Russia quickly mobilized its armies, setting the backdrop for the Battle of Tannenberg. Russia planned a two-front attack on East Prussia, aiming to gain ground against the German forces…

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Battle of Marne

The Prelude to the Battle of Marne The stage for the Battle of Marne was set at the height of World War 1. By September 1914, German forces had successfully invaded Belgium and northeastern France. As part of the Schlieffen Plan, they wanted to quickly defeat France before turning to Russia. This plan, however, began to encounter difficulties. For one, British and Belgian resistance was sterner…

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Militarism

Historical Review of Militarism The concept of militarism, as we understand it today, originated in large part from the practices of ancient civilizations. In Rome and Sparta, they valued strength in battle and gained power by force, which is where the idea of linking military power to the value of society started. The Medieval period witnessed a unique form of militarism with the advent of…

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Imperialism

Historical Emergence of Imperialism Imperialism emerged in the late 15th century, coinciding with the Age of Discovery. During this time, Portugal and Spain, among others, started exploring the world for new lands. New seafaring and navigation technologies led to newfound confidence. They had the desire to expand their influence and the belief in their divine right to rule other lands. The wealth…

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Nationalism

Emergence and Historical Context of Nationalism Nationalism, as we understand it today, emerged around the 18th century. This period, also known as the Age of Enlightenment, saw a shift in societal attitudes. People began to define themselves by their shared culture, language, and values rather than their allegiance to a ruler. Consequently, this shift led to the rise of nation-states,…

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Filipino Nationalism

The Roots and Origin of Filipino Nationalism The advent of Filipino nationalism began in the late 19th century. It sprouted as a response to three centuries of Spanish colonial rule marked by oppression and inequality. Over time, Filipinos formed an identity and became more united as they shared a cultural heritage. Today, we recognize this as the birthplace of Filipino nationalism. Although the…

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World War 1

Introduction World War 1 remains one of history’s most impactful global conflicts. It was initiated on July 28, 1914, catapulting numerous nations into a war unlike any they had experienced before. In this piece, we will examine the many details of a vast war that changed the world. The War started because of various reasons. Many countries formed alliances, and there were economic and imperial…

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Balangiga Massacre

Origin of the Conflict The Balangiga Massacre happened during the Filipino-American war. It occurred in the final phase of the conflict, between 1901 and 1902. Filipinos resisted American rule, with revolts happening all over the islands. One such uprising took place in Balangiga, a small town on the southern coast of Samar Island. In a strategic move, the U.S. military established a garrison in…

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Apolinario Mabini

Early Life and Education Born on July 23, 1864, Apolinario Mabini hailed from Talaga, Tanauan, Batangas, a humble town in the Philippines. Mabini was the second child out of eight. His parents were financially struggling. His mother sold items at the local market while his father worked as an uneducated farmer. Despite their economic circumstances, Mabini’s parents recognized the value of…

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Emilio Aguinaldo

Early Life and Education of Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 22, 1869, in Cavite El Viejo, in the Philippines. The seventh of eight children, his parents were of Chinese and Tagalog descent. His father, Carlos Aguinaldo, was the local mayor, and his mother, Trinidad Famy, was a prominent woman. Consequently, Aguinaldo grew up with a sense of responsibility and leadership thrust…

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Battle of Tirad Pass

Historical Background of Tirad Pass The Battle of Tirad Pass is historically significant because it’s well-known as the “Philippine Thermopylae.” The incredibly mountainous region has served effectively as a strategic defensive position. The Greeks used the terrain at Thermopylae to stop the Persians. During the Filipino-American War, Gen. Gregorio del Pilar led Filipino forces that used the same…

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Battle of Manila 1899

Background and Prelude to the Battle The Battle of Manila (1899) dates back to the Spanish-American War. During this conflict, Spain ceded control of the Philippines to the United States as part of the Treaty of Paris. Despite the agreement, the Filipino people, led by Emilio Aguinaldo, nullified the treaty. They were firm in their resolve to fight for their independence. Tensions were high…

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Philippine-American War

Introduction The Philippine-American War happened from 1899 to 1902. It helps us understand the connection between the Philippines and the United States. It was a significant period that marked the end of Spanish control and the beginning of American influence in the Philippines. It had a profound impact on both nations. Unlike most wars, the reasons and consequences of the Philippine-American…

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Treaty of Paris 1898

The Background of the Treaty of Paris 1898 To understand the Treaty of Paris 1898, we must look at the late 19th century, which includes the Spanish-American War. The conflict between Spain and the United States began in April 1898, following decades of rebellion in Cuba against Spanish rule. This war was also sparked by America’s interest in Cuba’s sugar industry and the mysterious sinking of…

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Valeriano Weyler

Early Life and Education Valeriano Weyler was born on September 17, 1838, in Palma, located on Spain’s beautiful Mediterranean island of Mallorca. Fortunately, he was born into a family with military lineage, greatly influencing his future career choice. Weyler’s father, a Spanish army officer, was a significant figure in his early life, fostering his son’s interest in military matters. This…

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Nelson A Miles

Early Life and Military Career Nelson Appleton Miles was born in Westminster, Massachusetts, on August 8, 1839. As a part of a hardworking farming family, he was introduced to a life of hard labor at an early age. However, his world drastically transformed when the Civil War erupted. Miles was attracted to the greatness of military service. He joined the 22nd Massachusetts Infantry in September…

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Rough Riders

Formation and Leadership of the Rough Riders The creation of the Rough Riders began due to the Spanish-American War. The U.S. government, identifying the need for an effective fighting force, called for volunteers to join the Army. A prominent figure then, former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, quickly responded to this call in 1898. Energetic and eager, Roosevelt expressed…