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14 most widespread and popular languages ​​of the world Few people know that in the modern world there are from 3 to 7 thousand languages. Many of them are considered endangered, since the number of native speakers of these languages ​​is getting smaller every day. Other languages ​​are spoken by hundreds of millions of people and millions more study them as foreign. Language is the main way people communicate and in this article the most popular, widespread and popular languages ​​of the peoples of the world are presented.

14 French French. Although this language is not among the ten most widely spoken languages ​​in the world, in our small presentation it takes an honorable 14th place, opening our rating. The French language, in addition to being one of the most widely spoken, is also one of the most beautiful languages ​​in the world, which is often called the language of love, just like the capital of France, the city of Paris is called the city of love. This language is part of the Romance group of languages, has the status of an official language in 29 countries, in particular in Canada, Switzerland, Belgium, Monaco and, of course, France. It is one of the six official languages ​​of the UN and is distributed in a number of African countries, former French colonies. According to some reports, about 250 million people around the world speak French, but it is native to 75 million.

Many people learn French because of its beauty, others learn it because it is a popular language in Europe and knowledge of such a language will be useful for work and travel. This language is not very difficult to learn as a foreign language. Of course, for some people the French language will be easier, for someone more difficult, but many agree that it is somewhere between German and Spanish because of the complexity of the study.

13 Korean Korean. Korean is the mother tongue of approximately 78 million people, is the official language of South Korea and the DPRK, and is partially spoken in China, Japan, the United States, and Russia. This language is not very popular and not many people study it in other countries. However, in terms of the number of native speakers, it occupies an honorable 13th place in our ranking of the most common languages ​​on earth. Most researchers attribute it to isolated languages, that is, to languages ​​that do not belong to any known language family. However, some believe that the Korean language may be part of a hypothetical Altai family. According to some linguists, the Korean language may have some degree of kinship with the Japanese language.

Some find Korean to be easier to learn than Japanese and Chinese, but the grammar, in their opinion, is still more complicated in Korean. Chinese and Japanese are studied mainly for romantic reasons, because of a desire to get closer to the culture of the east and to learn the centuries-old history of the region. Korean is taught mainly for money.

12 German German. German is the most popular and demanded language in Europe after English and many learn it not for cultural reasons or for traveling, but specifically for doing business and business negotiations. German is the official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and Belgium. This language is native to 100 million people, and its speakers, there are more than 120 million. German is part of the Germanic group, as is English, but German is considered much more difficult than English, like some other languages.

Those who begin to learn a language are scared by words that are 2-3 times longer than their counterparts in other languages, many tenses, conjugating regular and irregular verbs in different ways, the presence of a definite and indefinite article, and not always matching nouns. Nevertheless, the German language cannot be called one of the most difficult languages ​​of the peoples of the world, since with the proper approach it is studied without any problems, like any other European language.

11 javanese Javanese. How many languages ​​in the world, but not many of our citizens, in principle, know about the existence of this language, not to mention the fact that the Javanese language is among the most common. This language is spoken by about 105 million people and is spoken mainly on the Indonesian island of Java and several neighboring islands. This is the largest number of speakers of the Austronesian language. This is a fairly developed language, which has a rich literary tradition with different genres of poetry and prose, many varieties of theatrical genres. Despite the fact that almost half of the population of Indonesia actively uses Javanese in everyday life, it, like all other existing languages ​​in the country, does not have an official status. 10 Punjabi Punjabi language. This language belongs to the Indo-Aryan languages ​​of the Indo-European language family and is one of the official languages ​​of India. Punjabi is the language of the Punjabis and Jats, ethnic groups in India. The language is common in eastern Pakistan, as well as in parts of India. There are about 112 million people who speak Punjabi in the world. About 105 million native speakers live in Pakistan and India. While the rest lives in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, the United States and others. Among the features of the language, it can be distinguished that it is a tonal language. In tonal languages, the height of the stressed syllable changes its meaning. In punjabi, the stressed syllable can have three different tonal heights. For Indo-European languages, this is very unusual.9 Japanese Japanese language. The ninth place in our list of the most widespread and popular languages ​​in the world is occupied by another language from Asia. Native speakers of this language are 130 million people. Japanese is studied mainly for two reasons. Firstly, the language is studied for doing business, since Japan is one of the strongest economies in the world. Secondly, Japan has a rich and interesting culture that attracts thousands of people and sooner or later makes them interested in the language of the country. Japanese can not be called an easy language. One of the main difficulties in learning this language is the hieroglyphs that came from Chinese, but have changed a bit over time in the process of language development.In Japanese, almost all hieroglyphs have not one, but two or more sounds, depending on what words they are used in. Today in Japan, about two and a half thousand hieroglyphs are the most common, while in China at least 3 and a half thousand hieroglyphs are used. Japanese is simpler when compared with Korean and Chinese, but the grammar of Japanese is very complex. There are no tones in Japanese, but there are two alphabets. The Hiragana alphabet is the main one, it is used for purely Japanese words, grammar markings, and ending sentences. Katakana is another Japanese alphabet, it is used for words of foreign origin and names.8 Russian Russian language. Russia is one of the most important countries in the world, occupying a vast territory on which many peoples live. The rich, vibrant and rich culture and the most beautiful cities of the country attracts many foreigners who are also interested in the “mighty” Russian language. There are about 160 million people for whom the Russian language is native. In total, there are about 260 million speakers of Russian. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. This is the most common Slavic language in the world and the most common language in Europe in the number of speakers for whom it is native. Russian is one of the UN working languages. It is rather difficult to study, its grammar is complex, but logical. Russian can be called one of the simple “complex” languages.Many foreigners choose French or German because they are common in Europe. Russian is chosen when they want to learn Russian culture, when there are Russian friends with whom you want to speak their language, when you move to live or work in Russia. Basically, they learn Russian because they like it, like, in general, any other language. You can’t learn a language through power, it should interest and attract, there should be a desire to learn it.7 Bengali Bengali. The language of the Bengalis, one of the languages ​​of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Spoken and official language in Bangladesh and India. There are about 190 million people for whom it is their native language and about 260 million people who speak it. Some aspects of the language are often different in India and Bangladesh. Writing in most cases is fully consistent with pronunciation. The written language is based on Sanskrit and does not always take into account changes and fusions of sounds that have occurred in the language over time. The history of the Bengali language is estimated at least a millennium, as evidenced by both the dating of the first literary monuments and the data of linguistic reconstruction.6 Portuguese Portuguese. Portuguese is the mother tongue of approximately 230 million people, and the total number of speakers is approximately 260 million. It is an official language in Portugal, Brazil, Angola and some other countries. Most native speakers live in Brazil. The Portuguese language in terms of complexity of study is comparable with Spanish, French and Italian, since it is in the same group of Romance languages ​​with them. There are two main variants of the language, European Portuguese and Brazilian, as well as a number of varieties in Africa and Asia, which differ from each other at the level of phonetics, vocabulary, spelling and grammar. 5 arabic Arabic language. Arabic is spoken in 60 countries, such as Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt and Libya, and in 26 of them it is official. One of the working languages ​​of the UN and belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afrasian language family. The number of native speakers exceeds 245 million people, and the total number of people speaking it is more than 350 million. Arabic plays an important role in the political and economic spheres, in the field of energy and security. This is a very popular language and people who know it can always find a good job. Arabic is one of the five most complex languages ​​in the world, there are many dialects of Arabic that are significantly different from each other.4 hindi Hindi language. This language is one of the 23 official languages ​​of India, and is also distributed in Pakistan and Fiji. The native language is for 260 million people, and the total number of Hindi speakers is approximately 400 million people. At a colloquial level, Hindi is practically indistinguishable from another official language of India, Urdu. The latter is distinguished by a large number of Arabic and Persian borrowings, as well as the fact that it uses the Arabic alphabet, while the traditional Hindi script is the syllabic alphabet of Devanagari. English is one of the official languages ​​of India, but, nevertheless, according to some sources, Hindi is quite a promising language and it may become one of the most popular languages ​​by 2050.3 English English language. Three of our list of the most popular and common languages ​​is opened by the English language, which is the most common language for learning as a foreign language. This language is native to 350 million people, and the total number of speakers is about 1.4 billion people. English is one of the UN working languages, the official language of Australia, New Zealand, USA, England, Canada and some other countries. English in the modern world plays a huge role in many areas of life from politics and business, to culture and travel. This is due to the colonial policies of the British Empire in the 19th century and the current global influence of the United States of America.English is also considered one of the easiest languages ​​to learn, if not the easiest. Nevertheless, this language has its own difficulties. In many countries of the world, English is taught in schools from almost primary school as a foreign language.2 spanish Spanish language. In second place is a very beautiful language, which is official in Spain, Mexico, Costa Rica, Cuba and most countries of South America. Spanish is very similar to Italian and Portuguese, as it is in the same romance group with them. Spanish is spoken by approximately 420 million people, and around 500 million people speak it all over the world. This is the most common language of the Romanesque group, 9/10 of whose speakers live mainly in the western hemisphere. This is a fairly easy language to learn, which in addition to the Spanish culture and the beauty of the language adds a desire to foreigners to learn Spanish.There are several dialects of the Spanish language, however, Castilian is considered the real, original Spanish language. Castilian, Catalan, Basque, and Galician dialects are common in Spain, while in South America there are five main groups of dialects. The first group is used mainly in Cuba, in the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Panama, Colombia, Nicaragua, Venezuela and Mexico. The second in Peru, Chile and Ecuador. Third in Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. The fourth group is the Argentine-Uruguayan-Paraguayan variant, which includes East Bolivia. The fifth group is conditionally called the Latin Hispanic Mountain. This language is spoken by the inhabitants of Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, belonging to the Andes of Colombia and Venezuela, Quito (located at an altitude of 2800 m in the capital of Ecuador), the Peruvian mountain range and Bolivia.1 Chinese Chinese. The Chinese language is a combination of very different dialects, and therefore is considered by most linguists as an independent linguistic branch, consisting of separate, albeit related, linguistic and dialect groups. In fact, Chinese is made up of many other languages. But at the same time, the characters are one. Writing the main characters from the middle of the 20th century, after the reform in China, has become much simpler. The unified Chinese language is called Mandarin or just Mandarin, which in China is called Putonghua. In Chinese, there are 10 dialect groups and seven major traditional dialects.

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Why turmeric is good 1. Reduces chronic inflammation Chronic inflammation is one of the most relevant horror stories of modern medicine. This is the name for a prolonged, out of control, but almost invisible from the outside activity of the immune system. Scientists believe that it is chronic inflammation that often becomes the trigger of diseases such as:

diseases of the cardiovascular system, including atherosclerosis Inflammation in atherosclerosis; metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome) and obesity Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease; different types of cancer Inflammation and cancer. Turmeric contains many active chemicals (curcuminoids), the most famous of which is curcumin, a powerful antioxidant with a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Based on this, Turmeric is suggested that regular consumption of turmeric can reduce internal chronic inflammation. This means reducing the risk of fatal diseases.

Curcumin is so powerful that its effectiveness is comparable to that of Efficacy of curcumin in the management of chronic anterior uveitis with some anti-inflammatory drugs. But no side effects.

An important point: curcumin is poorly absorbed into the blood. To maximize the benefits of turmeric seasoned foods, eat them with black pepper. Its main biological component - piperine Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers - improves the bioavailability of curcumin. In simple words - allows the main ingredient of the spice to linger in the body and act.

Curcumin is also a fat-soluble substance, so you should season fatty foods with them: for example, rich pilaf or stewed pork.

2. Slows down aging and reduces the risk of dementia Oxidative stress, that is, an excess of free radicals in the body, is a factor accelerating aging. In addition, free radicals, which damage cells of all organs and tissues, are responsible for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cataracts, various brain dysfunctions and the development of cancer.

Turmeric is full of antioxidants Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin - substances that neutralize the action of free radicals.

In addition, curcumin also increases Curcumin induces glutathione biosynthesis and inhibits NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells: mechanism of free radical scavenging activity of the body's antioxidant activity. That is, it teaches our body to independently resist the attack of free radicals.

3. Fights depression Turmeric or curcumin supplements may be excellent antidepressants.

For example, there is a study called Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial, which covered 60 people with depression. Volunteers were divided into three groups. The first was prescribed the famous antidepressant drug. The second is a dietary supplement containing 1 gram of curcumin. The third is both an antidepressant and curcumin.

Six weeks later, doctors examined the participants in the experiment. It turned out that the condition of the volunteers from the first and second groups improved to the same extent - that is, curcumin was no less effective than the untwisted medicine. And the best results were shown by the third group.

Scientists suggest that the antidepressant activity of turmeric is associated with its effect on the brain.

Curcumin probably stimulates the antidepressant activity of curcumin: involvement of serotonin and dopamine system to produce dopamine and serotonin hormones. Research is still ongoing, but the prospects for turmeric as an antidepressant are very high.

4. Improves arthritis Arthritis is a chronic inflammation of the joints. Doctors consider it the cause of immune failure: the immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells (mainly the joints of the hands, wrists, knees). Unfortunately, arthritis cannot be cured. You can only alleviate its symptoms. And in this regard, turmeric is again on top.

So, in one study, A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with the participation of people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, it was found out: half a gram of curcumin per day relieves pain and reduces joint edema even more effectively than known anti-inflammatory drug.

This is not the only such data. In another study, the Product-evaluation registry of Meriva®, a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex, for the complementary management of osteoarthritis, people with arthritis received only 200 mg of curcumin per day and also noted that their condition was improving.

5. Protects the liver from damage There is evidence from Curcumin in Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Cellular Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress and Clinical Perspective that regular consumption of curcumin reduces the risk and stops the development of various liver diseases. This applies to non-alcoholic fat.