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DD15_HW2_Final Project 4

Course Work:

Project 1:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0ByntAQ29afq0X2REVzJQbVoxZ3M

Project 2:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0ByntAQ29afq0cmVmM1Rub3BTS2c

Project 3:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0ByntAQ29afq0Y3ZJbkpETlFzeDA

Project 4:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0ByntAQ29afq0UnNEWTRmbU9SUlU

Other Homework Assignments:

https://www.tumblr.com/blog/ellisettev

https://d2l.arizona.edu/d2l/le/589836/discussions/List

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DD15_HW1_Media for Project 4

The image above demonstrates the voicethread completed for Project 3. This image shows how I was able to complete and oral presentation. Through this project we were also able to provide constructive feedback to our peers.

The image above shows how we have used tumblr for academic purposes and demonstrates the assignment in which we completed an evaluation of ethical considerations in Project 2. Ethics have been part of every assignment in this course, including major projects. 

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DD14_HW5_Reformat Tumblr

The image above displays the original theme with a change of color in the title and subtitles. I choose the colors to match the U of A logo. I decided to keep this format for the final project because it looks simple, professional, and makes tumblr easier to use.

The image above displays a different theme that I found appealing. I see this theme as something femenist and delicate. I decided to not use this theme because I do not like the organization. In my opinion, having 2 columns makes it more difficult to differentiate between separate posts.

The theme above displays a theme that seems very plain. I decided to not use this theme because it is not visually appealing and I want something that draws attention. 

The theme above has a simple and appealing appearance. However, the information in the posts seems to be clumped together, making it more difficult to read.

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DD12_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 21: Making Oral Presentations

4 basic types of presentations 

Impromptu presentations: deliver presentation without advance notice

Extemporaneous presentations: clear and spontaneous, planned outline

Scripted presentations: present by reading something written in advance

Memorized presentations: the whole presentations are memorized

common 5 types of audiences 

clients and customers: present a product/service, its advantages and tips

Colleges within organization: sharing information or presenting proposals

fellow professionals: talking about projects

government agencies: explain proposed projects

the public: helps inform and reinforce organization

Use memorable language and rehearse at least 3 times, make any necessary changes 

5 steps to prepare a presentation

analyze the speaking situation: analyze audience and purpose, budget time wisely 

organize and develop the presentation: choose a format and the information that will need to be used in each section

conclusion: analyze what you are concluding, summarize the main points, make reference to the future, welcome questions

prepare presentation graphics: people retain information more easily when presented verbally and visually

an effective slide is clear, well supported, visually appealing, easy to read, simple, and accurate

you cannot use copyright material unless you have written permission

to plan graphics consider: the length of the presentation, the audience’s experience, area where presentation will be held, and equipment that will be available

choose effective language: enables listeners to understand without needing information repeated and maintains the attention of audience

signal transitions

involve the audience

refer to people, not abstractions

include interesting facts and figures

rehearse the presentation

Extemporaneous

first: read out loud to see if content makes sense

second: check organization and how long the presentation takes

third: present in front of others to receive feedback

Scripted: read out loud and edit continuously

when delivering your presentation, remain calm by remembering that you are prepared and that the audience is there to listen, not judge 

deal with nerves by walking around, having some time alone, talk to someone to distract yourself, and take deep breaths 

speak loud enough to be heard at the other end of the room 

do not speak fast

articulate

maintain eye contact, do not block the screen, and use natural gestures 

different cultures might have distinct gesture meanings

Citation:

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088

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DD10_HW2_Analyzing Ethical Considerations

In completing project 2, we will need to make sure that the project is complete in an ethical manner. This includes, but is not limited to, giving proper credit to another author’s work or ideas, always being honest, and being productive in collaborating with teammates. It is very important to cite properly and track the originality of our project. We also need to make sure teammates are communicating with each other and that work is distributed fairly. In continuing an education in the healthcare field, I will need to make sure that I always provide quality care, I always remain honest, and I always respect the wishes and privacy of patients. When conducting research or publishing, I will need to make sure to check my organization’s policies and consult with my supervisor on any issues I might encounter. Following the rules within the textbook “Technical Communication” organizational information such as mission statements should be reusable for work related to the organization. However, work conducted under work hours would likely be proprietary of the organization I am employed under. Plagiarism is not taken lightly in the healthcare field and I would need to be careful not to use anybody’s work without obtaining written permission.  

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DD10_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 2: Understanding Ethical and Legal Considerations

Ethics: “the study of the principles of conduct that apply to an individual or a group” 

some makes decision in relation to ethics based on their intuition, religion, or on how they would like to be treated if somebody else was making the decision 

4 moral standards by Manuel Velasquez

Rights

Justice: distribution of costs and benefits among different groups

Utility: examines the positive and negative effects an action might have

Care: the relationship people have with each other, care and consideration towards others

These standards are imprecise and cannot be used to decide what is ethical because they conflict with each other.

Professionals have tried to set a standard to what is ethical and what is not, because ethics vary dramatically from one person to another 

5 obligations to employer

competence and diligence: have the skills necessary and working hard

generosity: sharing knowledge and expertise

honesty and candor

confidentiality

loyalty

Obligations to the public

treat customers fairly

provide safe and effective products/services

Obligations to environment

preserve environment

4 basic types of laws:

copyright: only the copyright holder can copy intellectual property

you have to obtain written permission to use the intellectual property of someone else

Fair use (using a portion without permission) is usually determined by purpose of the use, purpose of work that has copyright, amount of work used, and how this use might affect the copyright

trademark: word, phrase, name, or symbol that identifies a company 

usually identified by TM

contract: an agreement between two parties 

liability: manufacturer or seller is responsible for damages or injuries caused by product/service 

Companies with a strong ethical culture, usually experience less ethical issues

can be established by a code of conduct that is enforceable, specific, comprehensive, and protects the public 

social media use

keep personal and professional accounts separate 

read all terms of service 

avoid revealing unauthorized information about your company  

avoid self-plagiarism, false endorsements, and defaming anyone 

always obtain permission for posts that include other people 

individuals need to understand ethical and legal difference that exist in other cultures 

in communicating ethically…

abide by relevant laws, code of conduct, and social media policy 

use company’s ethics resources 

highlight ethical and legal information with design 

be honest and clear 

avoid misleading readers and discriminatory language 

acknowledge assistance from others

Citation:

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088

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DD9_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 17: Writing Informational Reports

5 kinds of informational reports:

directive

field report

progress report

incident report

meeting minutes

Directives: explain a policy or procedure that you wish for your readers to follow and why it such policy or procedure should be followed 

the most persuasive arguments contain clear and compelling evidence

begin directive with an explanation of what problem is being addresses with this directive

justifying a directive shows respect to the reader

include information on who should be contacted for further questions

Field reports: describe inspections, maintenance, and site studies 

include problem statement, methods, results, and conclusions

less emphasis on methods and more emphasis on what results mean

can include recommendations

progress report: describes an ongoing project, serves as a method to check in and is usually completed between a proposal and a recommendation report 

objective tone used to explain what has happened and how this affects your overall project

status report: describes the whole range of operations of a department or division 

follows task patten organization

report problems and do not attempt to cover them up 

always report honestly, explain what scheduled items will not be completed on time and what will occur as a result 

in a time pattern, you discuss everything that has been completed and then, everything that needs to be done in the future 

in a task pattern, you discuss what has been completed and needs to be completed in each task and then, move on to discuss the same information with regards to another task 

incident report: serves to describe an accident concerning equipment or the health of safety of an employee

answers what happened, why it happened, and what follow up procedure where conducted

can include graphics and videos

length varies

Meeting minutes: an official record of a meeting that is given to all those who belong to the group represented in the meeting

can be written by administrative assistants or technical professionals

use a clear, objective tone

record only what is stated not individual interpretations

do not record emotional remarks, maintain document diplomatic

may include information on who called the meeting, the type of meeting, the name of note taker and attendees

Citation:

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088

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DD8_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 18: Writing Recommendation Reports

Recommendation reports not only provide information, but also make suggestion as to what methods, functions, and technologies should be followed.

feasibility report answers: the possibility of completing something, whether something is economically practical, questions of perception

Problem-solving Model for Recommendation Reports:

Identify the problem or opportunity 

Establish criteria for responding

there is necessary and desirable criteria

can be determined by supervisor and/or research

Determine the options 

Study each option according to criteria 

Draw conclusion about each option

rank all the options, classify all the options as acceptable or unacceptable, or present a compound conclusion

Formulate recommendations based on the conclusions 

always make honest recommendations that you can stand by

flowcharts can be helpful in exploring options

decision matrix used to evaluate different options based on criterions

they need to explain why each criterion was chosen, an explanation of the assigned weights to each criterion, and why ratings were assigned the way they were  

decision matrix makes the analysis easier to follow

3 basic report elements:

front matter: guides the reader through the report and whether they should read it-includes transmittal letter, cover, title page, abstract, table of contents, list of illustrations, and executive summary

body: provides comprehensive information on proposal, methods, results, and conclusions - also includes the introduction and recommendations

back matter: provides supplemental information and references - also includes glossary, list of symbols, and appendixes

it may be easier to write the body first and then the other two sections

Order of the body:

Introduction

Methods: create enough information to enable others to duplicate your project

Results: be objective and do not combine with conclusions

Conclusions: address what the results mean

Recommendation

Letter of transmittal: usually in the form of a letter or memo/introduces purpose and content of report, who authorized the report, and collaborations

Cover: contains title, author’s name and position, submission data, and company logo

Title page: contains title, author’s name, and submission report

Abstract: brief summary (<200 words), can be descriptive of informative

Table of contents: create subheadings under big sections to guide reader

List of illustrations: list of tables and figures

Executive summary: brief condensed form of report meant for managers, usually less than 1 page, includes background information and major findings/implications

glossary and list of symbols: a list of definitions, useful when jargon was used

appendixes: include maps, tables, and figures

Citation:

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088

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DD7_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 16 Writing Proposals

proposal: an offer made to provide a product/service or to conduct research

When writing the proposal...

consider if you have the personnel and equipment necessary

collaborate with team members

Internal proposals: submitted to writer’s organization

External proposal: submitted to another organization

solicited: is in response to a prospective customer 

information for bid (IFB): lowest bid wins the contract

request for proposal (RFP): supplier who can meet all needs at reasonable price, wins contract

Research proposals usually deliver progress and recommendation reports

recommendation reports usually include the whole story (proposal, resources used, personnel, methods, conclusions, and recommendations)

goods and service proposals can also serve to request funding to maintain an organization or program

Proposals must persuade readers that you…

understand their needs

have a plan that you are able to complete

are a professional that will deliver on promises made

the most common mistake in a proposal occurs when presenting the problem or opportunity

For internal proposals, share your ideas with future readers within your organization to receive as much feedback

writing a proposal for an organization in another culture:

know what constitutes a persuasive argument

save enough time for translating

use simple graphics and captions

use simple language and sentences

consider local grammar, including mechanics

ask if customer is willing to revise for appropriateness

General layout

1. When writing external proposals address audiences’ needs and solutions

2. provide a complete plan that entails what you plan to do, how, and why

3. demonstrate that you are a professional by providing…

credentials and work history

work schedule

quality-control measures that will evaluate efficiency and effectiveness

budget

be honest at all times 

before writing a proposal make sure you are capable of carrying out the project

Do you have the required personnel, facilities, and equipment?

Proposal structure

Summary: around 250 words, single-spaced, on title page, defines problem, briefly describe qualifications, completion date, and budget

Introduction 

Proposed program: be specific on what you want to do, use citations to make your case stronger, show that you have done research

Qualifications and experience: for small project use a few paragraphs that describe the qualifications of the team members and organization

Budget: includes direct and indirect cost

indirect cost are usually expressed as percentage

Appendixes: includes task schedules, recommendations, completed projects, description of organization 

Citation:

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088

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DD6_HW3_Research Cultural Communication

Tebeaux, E. (2016). Designing Written Business Communication along the Shifting Cultural Continuum. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 13(1), 49-85. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/105065199901300102

Tebeaux has conducted research on written communication in Mexico by examining a collection of documents and conducting interviews. Tebeaux argues that with increasing business relationships with Mexico, it has become a necessity to understand how written communication in Mexico differs from the United States. She emphasizes that to understand business communication for Mexico, one must understand Mexico’s history, how culture shapes communication, and cultural changes occurring. In Mexico, relationships, trust, and collectivism are highly valued. This article will be helpful in providing information on what cultural values should be emphasized in our written communication to Mexico, to be respectful and more appealing. Tebeaux provides reliable information that remains objective and based on research.

Eure, J. D. (2016). Applicability of American Written Business Communication Principles Across Cultural Boundaries in Mexico. International Journal of Business Communication, 14(1), 51-64. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/002194367601400108

Eure conducted a research to investigate if written communication in the United States was appropriate and expected in Mexico. The research consisted of writing two persuasive letters and recording which one was preferred by college students in Mexico. One of letters was written based on American principles and what is favored in American written communications, the other letter was not. Results demonstrated that the Spanish-speaking students favored more the  letter written based on American principles. Although the information is unbiased, the experiment was conducted in a small scale and more research would have to be conducted on this research question. However, this articles could help our team discuss how we could apply written communication strategies that we already have, to an audience in Mexico. If there are written communication similarities between Mexico and the United States, we should use them to make our arguments stronger and cross-cultural.

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DD6_HW2_Compare Rhetorical Situations

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DD6_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 4: Writing Collaboratively

the growth of social media has facilitated collaboration within team members, within an organization, and outside of organizations

Advantages of collaboration include:

a wider knowledge base

a wider skills base

a better idea of how the document will be read

improved communication among employees

enables new employees to acclimate

motivates individuals to help organizations grow

Disadvantages of collaboration include:

writing process takes more time

promotion of conformity, which may lead to an inferior document

yield a disjointed document: sections contradicted or repeated

inequitable workloads

reduce individual motivation to work hard

can lead to interpersonal conflicts

Projects need to be managed to ensure they are completed on time and within the budget

7 suggestions to manage projects

break down the project into several smaller tasks

plan your project

create and maintain a schedule

put all decisions in writing to keep track of when and why decisions happened

monitor the project to make sure you are on track

share information quickly and act

allow flexibility with the schedule and responsibilities

Listen, set your team’s agenda, conduct efficient meetings, communicate diplomatically, and critique without offending to have efficient meetings

How to listen effectively

pay attention to the speaker

Listen for main ideas

Do not get emotionally involved with the speaker’s idea: keep an open mind and listen, even if you disagree

ask questions for clarity

provide appropriate feedback

Setting your team’s agenda

define the team’s task

choose a team leader

define tasks for each member

establish working procedures

establish a procedure for resolving conflict productively

create a style sheet that defines the characteristics of the document’s style

establish a work schedule

create evaluation materials

Conducting Efficient meetings: meetings are an opportunity to observe body language

Communicating diplomatically: appear helpful not critical

Critiquing a team member’s work: provide constructive criticism without offending

Word processing tools: comment, revision, and highlighting feature

When participating in videoconference:

practice using the technology

arrange for tech support at each site

organize the room to encourage participation

make eye contact with camera

dress professional

minimize distractions

Wiki: an online document that can be written and edited by any authorized user

Virtual worlds: used to conduct meetings and visit different projects

In general, gender  and culture can affect what someone values and how they express themselves

Citation:

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088

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DD5_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 10 Writing Correct and Effective Sentences 

important to write clear, concise, correct, and forceful sentences

poor grammar hurts your credibility and might cause the reader to question is you are careless about the quality of your work

9 principles for clear, correct grammar:

Avoid sentence fragments: an incomplete sentences missing a verb or independent clause

Avoid comma splices: 2 independent clauses are joined by a comma

correct by using

a comma and coordinating conjunction (and, or, nor, but, for, so, or yet),

a semicolon

a period

Example of a splice: The 909 printer is our most popular model, it offers an unequaled blend of power and versatility.

Avoid run-on sentences: 2 independent clauses with no punctuation between them

corrected the same way as comma splices

Avoid ambiguous pronoun references 

Compare items clearly 

Use adjectives clearly

use hyphens to link compound adjectives (made up of 2+ words)

Maintain subject-verb agreement 

Maintain pronoun-antecedent agreement: they must agree in number 

Use tenses correctly

Example:

INCORRECT: In 1992, McKay and his coauthors argued that the atmosphere of Mars was salmon pink.

CORRECT: In 1992, McKay and his coauthors argued that the atmosphere of Mars is salmon pink.

the atmosphere is still believed to be pink, so the present tense is used in that section

How to structure sentences effectively

Emphasize new and important information: new information appears towards the end

Choose an appropriate sentence length: 15-20 words/sentence

Focus on the “real” subject: do not add prepositional phrases if they are not needed

Focus on the “real” verb: converting a verb into a noun is weaker (ex: preparation vs prepared)

Use parallel structure: using the same grammatical form

Use modifiers effectively: help reader know what exactly you are talking about

Choose the right words by

selecting appropriate level of formality

being clear and specific: use positive construction instead of “not” phrases

being concise

using inoffensive language: avoid sexist language and use people-first language when referring to people with disabilities

Simplified English: for nonnative speakers and uses about 1,000 words that have only one meaning

To prepare text for translation

use short sentences

use active voice

use simple words

include a glossary

use words that have only one meaning

use pronouns carefully

avoid jokes and puns

Citations:

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088

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DD4_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 11: Designing Print and Online Documents

Design refers to physical appearance and determines how much a reader will retain of the document or online source

5 major goals of design:

make a good impression

help readers understand structure and hierarchy of the information

information easily accessible

help readers understand the information

help readers retain the information

4 principles of design by The Non-designer’s Design Book

proximity: items close to each other will be interpreted as related, items far from each other are interpreted as unrelated, text describing a graphic should be close to the graphic

Alignment: aligning concepts along a vertical axis to understand relationship between them, such as headers

Repetition: format the same kind of information the same, such as same font, size, and color

Contrast: the human eye is drawn to differences such as different size and color of font

First analyze your audience and purpose

When writing for a different culture consider elements such as paper size, typeface preferences, color preferences, and text direction.

Determine what time, money, and equipment resources you have available

When designing the whole document consider:

Size: consider page size and page count

Paper: paper can have different coatings, weight, and quality

Bindings: 

Accessing aids: use repetition and contrast to add…

Icons: pictures that symbolize actions or ideas

Color: used to draw attention

Dividers and tabs

Cross-reference tables: refer reader to related topics

Page numbering: one-sided documents numbered in upper right corner, two-sided documents numbered near outside margins

Chunking: presenting information in small units 

Queuing: creating visual distinctions to indicate importance 

Filtering: different patterns for different information Page Grid: page map of information and white space Typography: study of type features 

Extra features for online:

FAQ

search engine

resource links

printable version

text-only version

Design a simple site using simple backgrounds, conservative colors, thumbnail graphics and avoiding decorative graphics 

Make easier to read by keeping text short, chunking information, using simple text, and writing clear, informative links 

each typeface is meant for a unique occasion and purpose 

Hue: color not mixed with white, gray, or black 

different colors have different effects on human mind 

different color harmony theories to create pleasing arrangements 

transitions help connect concept and how paragraphs work together 

for peer review concentrate on important concepts, praise the work, and be honest

Citations:

Basic Color Theory. Color Matters, http://www.colormatters.com/color-and-design/basic-color-theory. Accessed 25 May 2017.

Chapman, Cameron. A Crash Course in Typography: The Basics of Type. NOUPE, 28 March 2011, https://www.noupe.com/essentials/icons-fonts/a-crash-course-in-typography-the-basics-of-type.html. Accessed 25 May 2017.

Conducting Peer Reviews. The Writer’s Handbook, 6 March 2017, https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/PeerReviews.html. Accessed 25 May 2017.

How Humans React to Different Colors. Digital Synopsis, https://digitalsynopsis.com/design/color-meanings-theory-psychology/. Accessed 25 May 2017.

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088

Weber, Ryan. Writing Transitions. Prude Online Writing Lab, 01 March 2013, https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/574/01/. Accessed 25 May 2017.

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DD3_HW3_Research & Read

The international location I will use to adapt my job application document is Mexico. I choose to focus on this location because Mexico is a country that has limited health resources. Many changes could make a great impact in the lives of those in need. With my career choice being in the health field, it would benefit me to learn how to address the population in which I could help many and make a difference. Additionally, I have family that lives in Mexico and I have witness the struggles people go through in order to receive proper care and treatment. Many times, people have to travel for hours because health facilities in their town are not equipped with proper equipment or professionals.

Business Etiquette in Latin America

This article discusses what is considered to be appropriate and not appropriate when communicating with an audience in Latin America. The article provides key phrases to avoid, proper business attire, how to greet others, how to refer to people, and welcomed characteristics in Latin America. The article advices to not use slang phrases, as they may seem disrespectful, and to remember at all times that America refers to a continent, not only the United States. The business attire is recommended to be formal and unrevealing. When greeting someone, firmly shake their hand and establish eye contact. In Latin American it is not uncommon for people to get close and for men to always behave like a gentlemen with women. Always refer to people by their professional title and ask whether they would like to be addressed by their first or last name. Appointments should be made in advance and punctuality with meetings is flexible, people might run up to 30 minutes late. Discussions on political and racial issues should be avoided. This article provided helpful information on business etiquette. The article provides a range of advice and gives good examples to help guide the reader. After reading this article I will be careful in how I use the word “American” and will avoid slang as a way to fit into the culture.

Commisceo Global Mexico Guide

This website provides general information in demographics, language, cultural values, the structure of society,  and etiquette to follow on different occasions. The most prevalent language in Mexico is Spanish, but their are still some indigenous languages spoken in different areas. Mexican culture highly values family, authority and rank, and masculinity. An extended family is important with the father being the highest authority. In Mexican culture it is important to help family and to know one’s own position in the hierarchy of authority. Those of high rank are serve as guidance to others. The article explains that when greeting, women usually pat each other in the forearm while men shake hands. First name should not be used unless given consent. Set meetings 2 weeks in advance and reconfirm a week before. Face to face meetings are preferred with professional and unrevealing attire. It is common for people to be 30 minutes late. The information matches what I had previously read in another source. This website provides great information in ways to communicate in while respecting cultural values. I will corporate the importance of honesty and trustworthiness into my revision. I will also use the native language, Spanish.

Citations:

Business Etiquette In Latin America. (n.d.) KCBA. https://www.kcba.org/streaming/Documents/COLLABORATIVE-Handout_1.pdf. May 22,2017

Mexico Guide. (n.d.) Commisceo Global. http://www.commisceo-global.com/country-guides/mexico-guide. May 23, 2017

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DD3_HW2_Investigate Professional Websites

My professional goal is to become a HIV/AIDS specialist, so for this homework I researched successful HIV/AIDS specialists. Below are the links to the profiles of Dr. Shingo Chihara and Dr. Diane Havlir.

https://www.virginiamason.org/body.cfm?id=1175&action=detail&ref=1269

https://www.iasusa.org/faculty-profile/27

The professional sites had some similarities in context, with both including the doctors’ picture, educational background, current employment, and area of study and practice. However, the sites also had differences in the type of information provided. The website depicting Dr. Chihara includes contact information, his professional specialties, certifications, patient ratings, patient comments, and a brief video. The video is an interview of Dr. Chihara in which he provides a brief overview of his personal life and the reason for his career choice. On the other hand, the website for Dr. Havlir is more focused on academic work. The website provided information on publications, research activities, awards, and organizations and committees Dr. Havlir is affiliated with.

Based on these websites, I have come to the conclusion that my own professional website would have to include my picture, educational background, specialties, certifications, awards, important publications, current employment, areas of practice, organizations I am affiliated with, and a very brief overview of my personal life.

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DD3_HW1_Reading Notes

Chapter 8: Communicating Persuasively

understand the broader goals of your audience and your own limitations before developing an argument

Your argument will likely be effective if it replies to the four goals shared the most: security, recognition, connectedness, and growth.

Security: people will likely oppose anything that threatens their job security, their health, personal life, or any other interest

Recognition: be diplomatic and praise others for their hard work and/or success, avoid criticism and speculation

Growth: people and businesses want to grow

Connectedness: staying connected helps satisfy needs

Constraints fall into 8 categories: ethical, legal, political, informational, personnel, financial, time, and format and tone

do not waste time in a losing cause, refocus and/or scale back

if you lack information say so, do not lie and jeopardize your credibility

four kinds of favorable evidence: commonsense arguments, numerical data, examples, and expert testimony

Commonsense argument: most people share your viewpoint

numerical data: statistics are more convincing

example: often used with numerical data

address opposing viewpoints by stating:

it is illogical reasoning, inaccurate, or has incomplete facts

valid, but less powerful

it can be reconciled with your argument

when using emotional appeals, do not overstate

if audience largely opposes, state evidence then claim

culture can affect organization and what is found persuasive

AVOID logical fallacies:

Ad hominem: attacking writer not argument

argument from ignorance: argument is true because it has not been proven wrong

appeal to pity: based on emotion not reason

argument from authority: claim is valid because person making the claim has authority

Circular argument: restating main point without evidence

Eith-or argument: posing only 2 alternatives when there is more

Ad populum argument: bandwagon argument

Hasty generalization: drawing conclusions from insufficient cases

Pst hoc reasoning: because A precedes B, A caused B

Oversimplifying: omitting important information

Create a professional persona by demonstrating cooperativeness, moderation, fair-mindedness, and modesty 

Use Appendix B for styles and citations 

IEEE style: stands for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, in text citations are numbers in brackets, references page list sources in order presented through document

Annotated bibliography: a list of citations each followed by a brief description

Citations:

Engle, Michael. "How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography: The Annotated Bibliography." Cornell University Library. N.p., 17 May 2017. Web. 21 May 2017.

Markel, Mike. (2015). Technical Communication with 2016 MLA Update (11th ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s. ISBN-13: 9781319088088