ememkeyyy

[ememkeyyy]

02.14.25

🩷🩷🩷 @kampiiiken

[ememkeyyy]

Readings in The Philippine History

HRM 2B

Pongco, Mary Kyle B.

Anicete, Kenidy I.

Gabito, Dennis Carl A.

Definition of Terms • Part I

Definition of Terms • Part II

Executive Summary

Conclusion

[ememkeyyy]

Readings in The Philippine History

HRM 2B

Pongco, Mary Kyle B.

Anicete, Kenidy I.

Gabito, Dennis Carl A.

Conclusion

Reading about Philippine history helps me realize how important it is to understand our past in order to strengthen our sense of nationalism, especially with the rise of technology and globalization. History shows how colonialism shaped our identity, language, and culture, and without awareness, we might lose touch with our true heritage. With technology making foreign influences more accessible, it’s easier to adopt other cultures while forgetting our own. However, learning about concepts like Pantayong Pananaw and Filipinism reminds us to embrace our local identity and view history from a Filipino perspective. Literature, art, and activism also play a big role in keeping our heritage alive, encouraging younger generations to appreciate and preserve our culture. I realize that we live in peace because our ancestors fought through chaos. We tend to forget how they suffered in the past just because we now live at ease. We must not forget how they sacrificed everything just to achieve the independence we have today. The nationalist consciousness inside us will be the reason why we, as Filipinos, will always remain Filipino, proud of who we are and what we have learned from the past. Even as we connect with the world, history teaches us to take pride in our identity and to continue fighting for unity and justice.

[ememkeyyy]

Readings in The Philippine History

HRM 2B

Pongco, Mary Kyle B.

Anicete, Kenidy I.

Gabito, Dennis Carl A.

Executive Summary

The Philippines’ history has been deeply shaped by colonial rule, influencing its identity, culture, and society. Spanish colonization introduced oppressive systems like the encomienda and hacienda, exploiting Filipino labor and resources. American rule followed, bringing education reforms and economic control, embedding Philippine English and reinforcing neocolonial influences. Despite independence, foreign cultural dominance persists, shaping Filipino values. This struggle for self-determination connects with Pantayong Pananaw, which promotes a Filipino-centered historical perspective. Zeus A. Salazar emphasizes analyzing culture from a local lens, challenging foreign narratives. Filipinism reinforces embracing local identity, especially as globalization spreads foreign influences. Literature, art, and theater help younger generations reconnect with Filipino heritage. Philippine revolutions built nationalism, but ongoing struggles like inequality and regionalism show unity remains a challenge. Postcolonial issues like economic disparity and land disputes led to movements like CPP-NPA, highlighting systemic disadvantages. These historical struggles echo today, as global powers shape the nation’s path. The song Where You Are from Moana reflects this theme, symbolizing identity and self-discovery—values central to the Filipino experience. Like Moana’s journey of reclaiming heritage, Filipinos assert identity against colonial forces. Through historical awareness, literature, and activism, Filipinos strengthen cultural roots while striving for justice and independence.

[ememkeyyy]

Readings in The Philippine History

HRM 2B

Pongco, Mary Kyle B.

Anicete, Kenidy I.

Gabito, Dennis Carl A.

Definition of Terms • Part II

x1. Kartilya

Kartilya refers to the Kartilya ng Katipunan, a set of guiding principles written by Emilio Jacinto for the Katipunan. It teaches values like bravery, equality, and patriotism. It was important in the Philippine Revolution because it reminded Filipinos to fight for freedom with honor, not just with weapons.

x11. Diskurso

Diskurso is how people communicate ideas through speaking or writing. It can be a conversation, a speech, or even a debate. It helps share knowledge and opinions. In school, teachers use diskurso to explain lessons, and students use it in recitations. It’s important because it allows people to express thoughts clearly and understand each other better.

x111. Reparations

Reparations refer to the compensation given to individuals or groups who have suffered from injustice or harm, usually from war, slavery, or colonization. It can be in the form of money, land, or public apologies. For example, after World War II, some countries paid reparations for damages. It aims to correct past wrongs and help affected communities recover and achieve justice.

x1v. Secularization

Secularization is the process where religion becomes less involved in government, education, and society. It means separating religious beliefs from laws and public institutions. For example, in history, the secularization movement in the Philippines fought for Filipino priests to lead churches instead of Spanish friars. Today, secularization helps ensure freedom of religion, allowing people to follow their beliefs without government influence, making society more diverse and fair for everyone.

xv. Kapilipinuhan

Kapilipinohan refers to the identity, culture, and values of being a Filipino. It includes traditions, language, and the way Filipinos show unity and resilience. It’s seen in celebrations like fiestas, respect for elders, and bayanihan. Understanding kapilipinohan helps us appreciate our roots and what makes us unique as a nation. It reflects our shared history and heritage.

[ememkeyyy]

Reading in The Philippine History

HRM 2B

Pongco, Mary Kyle B.

Anicete, Kenidy I.

Gabito, Dennis Carl A.

Definition of Terms • Part I

Part II

1. Pangkami

"Pangkami" is a Filipino word that means "for us" or "belonging to us." It is used when talking about something that a group shares or owns together. This word helps show that something is not just for one person but for everyone in the group, like a family or a team.

11. Herencia

"Herencia" means inheritance or heritage. It is something passed down from older generations, like land, money, traditions, or culture. It can be physical, like a house, or something you can't touch, like family values. It helps shape who we are and connects us to our past and ancestors.

111. Panitikang Pambansa

"Panitikang Pambansa" means "National Literature" in Filipino. It includes all the stories, poems, plays, and other writings that show the culture, history, and beliefs of the Philippines. It helps Filipinos understand their identity and traditions. These works are written in different languages and passed down through generations.

1v. Ilustrado Movement

The Ilustrado Movement was a group of educated Filipinos during the Spanish colonization who wanted reforms and freedom for the Philippines. They studied in Europe and used writing, newspapers, and books to spread ideas about equality and rights. Their works inspired Filipinos to fight for independence and helped shape the country's history, culture, and national identity. Famous Ilustrados include José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano López Jaena, who used their knowledge to awaken the minds of Filipinos and push for change.

v. Global Politics

Global politics is about how countries interact, make decisions, and solve world problems. It includes issues like war, peace, trade, human rights, and the environment. Governments, leaders, and international organizations work together or compete for power and resources. These decisions shape relationships between nations and affect people’s daily lives.

v1. Racist Portrayal

Racist portrayals in media and history often reinforce harmful stereotypes, dehumanizing individuals based on their race. These depictions not only perpetuate ignorance but also contribute to systemic inequality. The long-term impact of such portrayals is a cultural normalization of discrimination, making it difficult for marginalized communities to be seen as fully human or equal. A reflection on this topic emphasizes the need for a shift in representation, focusing on authentic, multifaceted portrayals that challenge ingrained biases. It calls for society to actively deconstruct these harmful stereotypes and promote diverse narratives that encourage understanding and empathy.

v11. Comfort Women

The term "comfort women" refers to the women and girls, primarily from Korea, China, and other occupied territories, who were coerced into sexual slavery by the Japanese military during World War II. These women endured physical, psychological, and emotional trauma, and their suffering was largely ignored or denied for many years. Reflecting on their plight highlights the enduring scars of wartime atrocities and the importance of acknowledging historical injustices. The continued struggle for recognition, apology, and reparations for survivors emphasizes the need for global accountability and the protection of human rights in conflict situations.

v111. Cultural Imperialism

Cultural imperialism occurs when one culture dominates or erases the practices, beliefs, and traditions of another, often through media, education, or economic power. This phenomenon is especially evident in the global spread of Western ideals, which can marginalize indigenous cultures and identities. Reflecting on cultural imperialism raises important questions about the preservation of cultural diversity and the ethics of influence. It calls for a more equitable exchange of cultural values and practices, where all cultures are respected and valued. The reflection encourages individuals and societies to question whose values dominate the global narrative and why.

1x. Revolutionary Spirit

The revolutionary spirit embodies the desire for change, the willingness to fight against injustice, and the courage to challenge oppressive systems. Historically, it has driven movements for civil rights, independence, and equality. Reflecting on this spirit highlights the importance of resilience and collective action in shaping social and political landscapes. While revolution can bring about positive transformation, it also carries the risk of violence and chaos. The revolutionary spirit, therefore, must be tempered with wisdom, compassion, and a deep commitment to human dignity, aiming for a future where justice and equality are foundational values.

x. Casta System

The casta system, a complex social hierarchy that emerged in colonial Latin America, stratified society based on race and ethnicity. It created rigid divisions between different racial groups, particularly between Europeans, Indigenous people, and Africans, and reinforced systemic inequality. Reflecting on this system brings awareness to the lasting effects of colonialism on identity, privilege, and social mobility. It highlights the ongoing struggles against racial discrimination and calls for a deeper understanding of how historical injustices shape contemporary social structures. Challenging the remnants of the casta system involves deconstructing these inherited racial hierarchies and striving for a more equitable society.