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Design Pattern and Universal Design

Design Pattern – it is a re-usable form of a solution to a design problem. Introduced by the architect Christopher Alexander and has been adapted for various other disciplines, notably software engineering. Under this was:

Software design pattern - a general, reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem within a given context in software design. It is not a finished design that can be transformed directly into source or machine code.

Interaction design patterns - design patterns applied in the context human-computer interaction, describing common designs for graphical user interfaces.

Universal Design – caters many users, irrelevant of gender, age, size, strength, mobility, hearing, vision.

The seven principles of Universal Design are:

Equitable Use - The design is useful and marketable to any group of users.

Flexibility in Use - The design accommodates a range of individual preferences and abilities.

Simple and Intuitive - Use of the design is easy to understand regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.

Perceptible Information - The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user’s sensory abilities.

Tolerance for Error - The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.

Low Physical Effort - The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue.

Size and Space for Approach and Use - Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user’s body size, posture, or mobility.

Accessible design - process of design in which the needs of people with disabilities are specifically considered.

Inclusive design - method or philosophy of designing that means welcoming diverse people to engage authentically with your organization, products, and services.

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JAVASCRIPT

Java script lines end with a semicolon. It always put the text with a quotation (“”). Capital letters are different from lowercase letters. It is also case-sensitive.

Alert a standard java script command that will cause an alert box to pop up on the screen.

document. write a java script command that tells the browser what o follows within the parenthesis to be written into a document.

Variables

- Is like a storage unit that can create a variable to hold values.

- It is important to know the proper syntax which variables must conform

• They must start with a letter or underscore.

• Subsequent characters can also be digits (0-9) or letters (A-Z and/or a-z).

The document object contains arrays which store all the components constituting the contents of your web page, such as images, links, and forms.

The pre-defined objects that are most used are the window and document objects.

The window has methods that allow you to create new windows with the open () and close () methods. It also allows you to create message boxes using alert (), confirm (), and prompt (). Each displays the text that you put between the parentheses.

Arithmetic Operators - an arithmetic operators that has a++ and a--

Conditional Statements

The two different condition:

- AND, OR and NOT - It enhances your if statements that can use the so-called logical operators. It is written in && and it is used to check if more than one condition is true.

- IF and ELSE

Loops an incredibly useful programming tool. handle repetitive tasks extremely well, especially in the context of consecutive elements. It has two different kinds: for and while.

Arrays - It is defined before referring to any of variables in it.

Functions - One of the fundamental building blocks in JavaScript. A function is a JavaScript procedure -- a set of statements that performs a specific task. It has a three-function keyword: (1) A function name. (2) A comma-separated list of arguments to the function in parentheses. (3)The statements in the function in curly braces: { }

Events – actions that can be detected by java script.

Form Validation – java script is a strong tool for validating forms before sending the content.

The Technique has consist of four different functions:

Emailvalidation – check to see if a value lives up tp general syntax of an email.

Valuevalidation – check to see if a value is within a certain interval

Digitvalidation – check to see if a value consist of a certain number of digits

Emptyvalidation – check to see if a field is empty or not.

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Web Systems and Technologies

Three core languages that make up the World Wide Web: JavaScript, CSS, and HTML.

Web Technology is a general term referring to the many languages and multimedia packages that are used in conjunction with one another, to produce dynamic web sites.

There are 7 components of web technology such as browsers, HTML and CSS, web development frameworks, programming languages, protocols, API, and data formats.

Browsers request information and then they show us in the way we can understand. Example browsers are Google Chrome the most popular browser brought by Google. Safari – Apple’s web browser. Firefox – Open-source browser supported by the Mozilla Foundation and Internet Explorer – Used by Microsoft as a browser

HTML & CSS HTML considered to be the Foundation of any Web Site. The building block of developing web sites. It is also learned first. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and it describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on the screen. If you browse enough tutorials, you will soon create CSS text effects, page transitions, image hover effects, and more.

HTML VERSIONS: HTML 2.0 (1995), HTML 3.2 (1997), HTML 4.0 (end of 1997), XHTML (2000), and HTML 5.0 (2014).

Web Development Frameworks are a starting point of items that a developer can use to avoid doing the simple or mundane tasks, and instead get right to work. The examples of frameworks are: Ruby on Rails, Yii and Laravel.

Programming Languages used by programmers to communicate with the computers. Here are some of the most popular programming languages: Javascript, CoffeeScript, Python, Ruby, Go, Swift, and Java

Protocols instructions for how to pass information back and forth between computers and devices. HTTP, DDP, and REST are examples of it.

API (application programming interface) allows developers to use some of the app’s functionality without sharing the code. Examples of well-made APIs are those created by Facebook, Twitter, and Google for their web services.

Data formats is stored in the structure called a data format. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is a syntax for storing and exchanging data (just like XML). XML is a predominantly used by Microsoft systems, it used to be the most popular data format. While CSV – is data formatted by commas; for example, Excel data

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SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT

What is Software Deployment?

It has a similarities to software installation or software implementation. The application or the program that has been written is being put into production. Which includes all the steps, processes, and activities that are required to make a software system or update available to the user.

Organizations in the field of IT and software developer’s software updates, patches, and new applications with a combination of manual and automated processes. The common activities of software deployment include software release, installation, testing, deployment, and performance monitoring.

Software Deployment- a web-based application considered to be faster through it updates the programs in the server and automatically available to the end-users. While client-server-based are installed in the computers that need to update installations to those work stations that took a long time to update.

Software Deployment vs. Software Release

Software deployment is the process of running an application on a server or device. A software update or application may be deployed to a test server, a testing machine, or into the live environment, and maybe deployed several times during the development process to verify its proper functioning and check for errors.

Software Release refers to the stages of development for a piece of computer software, whether it is released as a piece of physical media, online, or a web-based application (SaaS). When software development team prepares a new software release, it typically includes a specific version of the code and associated resources that have been assigned a version number.

Software Deployment and Development Methodologies

DevOps a methodology and a set of best practices for software development whose primary goals are to shorten delivery times for new software updates while maintaining high quality. There are 7 steps in the software development process include coding, building, testing, packaging, releasing, configuring, and monitoring.

What are the software deployment process?

Organization must develop its process for software deployment, either basing it on an existing framework of best practices or customizing a process that meets relevant business objectives. Software deployment has 3 general phases that can be summarized like Preparation, Testing, and the deployment of itself.

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For some, the thought of creating a mobile app from scratch sounds like an uphill task full of corny, complex coding activities. But it doesn’t have to be that way! Before developing a new mobile app, you need to design it first. It’s critical to plan every step, and at some point, you might want to retreat and examine what you’re building. Let’s look on what I have learned in our lesson.

Mobile Application Design and Development

- It is the process of creating applications for smartphones most specifically for Android and iOS, is known as mobile application development.

 iPhone called as game changing. The iPhone went on sale in the United States on June 29, 2007. This started to fundamentally change the way people interact with phones.

 The rise of tablets

- Designing for mobile means not only phones but also for tablets. When designing application to phone, it also needs to consider the tablets because there are other users who uses bigger screen.

What is Mobile App Design?

- The history of phone platforms has been more diverse than of PC. Notably, over the last few years the form factor has moved from physical keyboard to “touch” and there is a demand for more services. Here are some examples of Mobile Application Services:

o Location Based Services (LBS)

o Augmented Reality (AR)

o Mobile Learning Device Integration

o Near Field Communication (NFC)

o Personalized Advertising Health/Fitness

Mobile App Design – Key Considerations:

o Consider mobile user’s habits – short, often, fast and goal driven.

o Joy of use – users really expect more because the mobile is so personal to them.

o Use the abilities of the phone to do more – e.g. Location Based Services (LBS).

o User test gather feedback, iterate (internally or externally).

o Big is beautiful – design clearly designated touch areas – test graphics on device.

o Consider how the App would work with no signal strength – can it deliver?

o Empower the user.

Where to start in Mobile App Design?

o To start a mobile application design, you should choose an SDK or Software Development Kit. Learn SDK, design and develop, publish to relevant app store, and promote.

Set of development tools for iPhone:

- XCode IDE

o Performance analysis tools

o iOS Simulator

o Mac OS X and iOS SDKs

o Need to know objective -C

o Need a mac

o Developer fee of $99 (but can get a version of XCode for free)

o Submit to app store for approval

o Apple takes 30% of profits (better than traditional gaming route to markets)

What about Android?

- Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications.

o Open source

o All applications are treated equally.

o Easy for developers (just need to know a bit of Java).

o No “approval process” for apps.

o Android is built on the open Linux Kernel.

o Continues to evolve

- To conclude, before creating a mobile application, you need to have a plan from designing until developing. So that, it can be successful just like in iOS and Android.

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Software Requirements

It establish the agreement between your team and the customer on what the application is supposed to do. Without a description of what features will be included and details on how the features will work, the users of the software can't determine if the software will meet their needs. Let me discuss to you of what are the things I've learned in our lesson:

Software Requirements is description of the features and functionalities of a system. It is considered important to the Software Development Life cycle (SDLC) because it is the very first step in developing a system or software.

Here are the three types of requirements:

• User requirements - statements in natural language plus diagrams of the services the system provides and its operational constraints. It is written for customers.

• System requirements - a structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system services. Written as a contract between client and contractor.

• Software specification - a detailed software description which can serve as a basis for a design or implementation. This is for developers.

Functional and Non-functional requirements

• Functional requirements this are the statements of services the system should provide, how the system should react to particular inputs, and how the system should behave in particular situations. Non-functional requirements - constraints on the services or functions offered by the system such as timing constraints, constraints on the development process, standards, etc. Lastly, Domain requirements are requirements that come from the application domain of the system and that reflect characteristics of that domain.

The requirements document is the official statement of what is required of the system developers. Should include both a definition and a specification of requirements. It is NOT a design document. As far as possible, it should set of WHAT the system should do rather than HOW it should do it.

Requirements document structure

• Introduction

• Glossary

• User requirements definition

• System architecture

• System requirements specification

• System models

• System evolution

• Appendices

• Index

To conclude, requirements is the fundamental need to achieve the project to make it success.

Types of Application Development

- Desktop Applications are any software that can be installed on a single computer and used to perform a task.

Types of desktop frameworks

- Desktop Frameworks for Windows App Development

- Desktop Framework for MacOS

- Cross-Platform Desktop Frameworks

- Frameworks for the Native Windows Development

- Swing

-Cocoa

- Windows Forms (Winforms)

Web Application Development is a creation of app programs that resides on remote computers and are delivered to user over the internet.

Mobile Application Development is a process of creating or making a mobile application to run on different mobile platforms.

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

Developing the best software, it requires to be well managed. A software developer must choose an effective software development methodology that would fit in the project. Here’s the things that I’ve learned about our lesson called Software Development Methodologies.

At this point, there are 6 types of software:

• System Software (OS, Utility, Device Drivers etc.)

• Application Software (MS Word, Multimedia, Web Browsers)

• Freeware

• Commercial (Shareware)

• Open-source

• In-house software

- It is called as a common software model for a company. Usually, you need to investigate the needs of the company. So, the developer will study the needs of the company thus he/she needs to analyze the problem, get the requirements and develop it.

System Development - The process of defining, designing, testing, and implementing a new software application or program.

System Analysis - Describe what a system should do to meet the information needs of users. The strategy specifies how will accomplish objectives.

Here are the Principles of System Development:

• Get the system users involved.

• Use a problem-solving approach.

• Establish phases and activities.

• Document through development.

• Establish standards.

• Manage the process and projects.

• Justify systems as capital investments.

• Don’t be afraid to send cancel or revise scope.

• Divide and conquer.

• Design systems for growth and change.

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) – Is a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems. Its typical activities include:

• Determining budgets

• Gathering business requirements

• Designing models

• Writing user documentation

System Development Life Cycle Methodology - is used so users can see and understand what activities are involved within a given step. Its most modern development process can be vaguely described as agile. Other methodologies include waterfall, prototyping, iterative and incremental development, spiral development, rapid application development, and extreme programming. There are studies that SDLC is proven. It is conducted by Rothi and Yen (1989). They provided a brief review of traditional SDLCs. They related how the use of traditional software development models is numerous and often regarded as the proper disciplined approach to models which include the code and fix, waterfall, staged and phased development, transformational, spiral, and iterative models.

Osborn (1995) discussed traditional SDLC techniques and how over time the phases of these approaches have become enriched in a development cycle that includes Defining requirements, designing a system to meet those requirements, Coding, and Testing each phase of the development cycle is strictly sequenced.

The Seven Phases of SDLC:

Lightweight Methodologies - a compromise between no process and too much process. Here are some examples of this:

• Adaptive Software Development (ASD)

• Crystal

• Extreme Programming (XP)

• Rational Unified Process (RUP)

• Whitewater Interactive System Development with Object Models (Wisdom).

Waterfall Methodology is a sequential, activity-based process in which SDLC is performed sequentially.

Phases of Waterfall Methodology:

• Requirements

• Design

• Implementation

• Verification

• Maintenance

Rapid Application Development (RAD) is a software development methodology that focuses on quickly building a working model of the software, getting feedback from the users, and then using that feedback to update the working model.

4 Phases of RAD:

• Requirement Planning

• User Design

• Construction

• Cutover

AGILE Methodology is based on an incremental iterative approach. Instead of in-depth planning at the beginning of the project. Agile methodologies are open to changing requirements over time and encourages constant feedback from the end users. Its principles include:

• Customer Involvement

• Incremental Delivery

• People not process

• Embrace Change

• Maintain simplicity

Two primary choices to build IT systems (of great sizes and complexity):

1. Insourcing – involves choosing IT specialists within your organization to develop the system

2. Outsourcing – the delegation of specific work to a third party for a specified length of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of service.

To wrap up, Software Development Methodologies is like a cooking recipe/book. As we can see it has a step by step procedure to follow. Just like in Software Development Methodologies it will help us solve and interpret the problem in a more organize way. As a developer, we need to analyze the problem well and follow every task to have a good solution to the problem and at the same time to make the system properly.

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CLOUD COMPUTING

A delivery of on demand computing services over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. It can save your files over the internet.

Types of Cloud Computing:

Deployment Model

- Can deploy it in public cloud or private cloud or combination of the two that can be called as hybrid.

• Public Cloud it be accessible to everyone like AWS, Microsoft Azure, IBM's Blue Cloud and Sun Cloud

• Private Cloud can be owned by a single person like AWS and VMware

• Hybrid is combination of Public Cloud and Private Cloud

Service Model has three types:

• IaaS (Infrastructure as a service) a cloud service that provide basic computing infrastructure.

• PaaS (Platform as a service) cloud platforms and runtime environments for developing, testing and managing applications.

• SaaS (Software as a service) cloud providers host and manage the software application on a pay-as-you-go pricing model.

Cloud Providers

AWS

IBM Cloud

Google Cloud Platform

Microsoft Azure

VMware

DigitalOcean

Lifecycle of Cloud Computing Solution

Define the Purpose

Define the Hardware

Define the Storage

Define the Nettwork

Define Security

Define Management Processes and Tools

Testing the Process

Analytics

In my conclusion, this software really helps us user for convenience storage.

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CONVERGENCE OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

Technology always evolving day by day and can change our life. Here are some technologies that covers by emerging technologies:

• Intelligent Sensors and Wireless Sensor Networks

- Intelligent Sensors are device that has a capable of sensing like human sense like sounds, light, motion, heat etc. It captures information for the purpose of processing. While, Wireless Sensor Networks are the way how they communicate.

• Intelligent Cars and Smart Highways

- It is useful when we use our cars. For example, when a driver is drunk, it can be detected by our eyes with the use of the camera infront of a drivers seat. The highway can benefit from it using vehicle to vehicle communication and sensor to avoid collision.

• Tele-Health (Wireless Healthcare Monitoring)

- It has a remote for Healthcare. Can be us to monitor our health.

• Microelectromechanical System (MEMS)

- Small scale that has a capability to move. It is bigger than Nano Technology. It has wide application in commercial, industrial and medical systems.

• Nanotechnology

- It has the ability to control. You use a microscope to see it and can be used in medicine that can cure cancer.

• Clean Technology

- If the atmosphere is clean, it will cascade for a better atmosphere

• Robotics and Automation

- We can usually see this in factories like making a cars, tools and machines. The disadvantage of this is if the work of a person replaced by a robot it will have a great impact on the labor of the employees.

Therefore, if we live in a technological way, we shouldn't allow this changes to control us rather we should control it for a better wold.

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BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Technology is part of our life, everywhere and everything around us are product of technology. The society demands for more innovations. As we all know, it makes our lives easier and comfortable. Computer is one of the technologies that can help us in many aspects. Let me share my thoughts of what I have learned about our first lesson.

Colossus, 1994. Is the first programmable, electronic, digital computer. Considered to be hard in terms of creating a program because it is programmed by switches and plugs and not a stored program. Its 1st prototype is Colossus Mark 1. It is called as code breaker and operated by women, since the men is in the field during the war.

John Von Neumann is the creator of John Von Neumann machine which said that the computer today is based on his machine.

On the other hand, John W. Barkus was the creator of Fortran considered as first successful programming language. At first, it is intended only for engineers and scientific computation, but they give opportunity to programmers to create simple programs. It has different versions, the Fortran-1, Fortran-IV, Fortran-66, Fortran-77, Fortran-90, and Fortran-95.

Software is an interaction between computer system and human. Its first piece was written by computer scientist Tom Kilbur on June 21, 1948. He and his colleagues create Manchester Small Experiment Machine also known as the baby. Which use for performing mathematical calculations using machine code instructions.

Therefore, studying the origin of computer and software is important. For us to have a basis to develop more technologies in the future.