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What is Lorem Ipsum?

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

Why do we use it?

It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using ‘Content here, content here’, making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for ‘lorem ipsum’ will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).

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Why we are the best in writing

When the writing is good, the written words have the power to imprint a strong, lasting impression. Good writing is when a writer can succinctly draw a point, clearly and accurately present the message and carry the right ‘feel.’ Such professionalism just doesn’t happen by chance. It takes expertise, skills, hard work, and years and years of professionalism. That is what Buycheapessaysonline.com. Everyone claims to be the best, but we are different. Along the way, our company has made a place for itself among the few writing elites. Nonetheless, we are apprentices in a field where no one has ever gained full mastery as we have. Our greatest pleasure in writing is not only defined by facts and information but by the inner articulation of words that can create a lasting impression more like music that is sweet to our ears.

Our writing company is skilled at creating structure, formulating ideas, and managing complicated tasks. Our company is efficient and devoted to writing. With years of experience, our company is well-versed in multiple if not all aspects of communications. We know how to generate the right ‘feel’ while building visibility for companies and individuals locally and globally. Our company is known across the globe as an experienced and creative marketing communications and public relations company specialized and well advanced in the distribution of media stories to national and local media outlets. Our main channels are print and e- channels. Among our other operations and interests include the provision of magazines, leaflets, brochures publications, films, and other professional media writing services. We are first in comparison since we have employed skilled writing agencies and freelance writers more than other writing companies. Our team members are working directly as reporters and writing correspondents in major national media outlets. The majority of them hold executive positions in the media circles as chief editors, editors, writers, and columnists. Personally, I currently work as a writer. And, in this company, our lineups of writers are versed in an array of multiple disciplines and techniques that ensures diversity in a spectrum of topics. This is not to mean that we do not have specialized writers. The company enjoys first-hand expertise in an umbrella of specialized fields. Indefinitely, our assortment of writers enables us to create tailor-made contents that are specific and customized to our consumer’s preferences.

Our readers are core to the company’s interests. As such, our writers are devoted to writing to make sure that our consumers get the best from us. Our communication units are active in a 24/7 hour period. A different crew is always in hand to attend to our consumer’s requests. Thanks to our productive and powerful skilled team; it is relatively possible to complete ordered requests within established deadlines. Our mantra is to endeavor in making our consumers prosperous and satisfied. We are adept at ensuring that our readers fully conceptualize our contents without any difficulties by avoiding fancy vocabulary, flourishes, jargon, and complex wordings. Our writing philosophy revolves around embracing down-to-earth explanations and straight talk. In essence, helping our consumers and satisfying their demands is our full-time job and this is what makes us different.

Our company is known for its experienced writing services, enhanced by a number of added benefits that our stakeholders will delight in. Our services coverage is ample and flexible guaranteeing satisfaction. To anyone seeking a productive, creative and resourceful company with unusual drive and dedication, we are here to meet your requirements and expectations. I believe that our strong work ethic and talents will ultimately contribute to the holistic achievements of your organization’s endeavors. In order to understand more about the company, please click here

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Why was Socrates executed?

Socrates was born in Athens in 470 B.C. Socrates was a classical Athenian intellectual philosopher and his work laid the foundation of contemporary Ethics and Western philosophy. Socrates was a very controversial figure in Athens and was not liked by many, especially the ruling elite. Athenians associated Socrates’ teachings with sophism. At that time sophists were men with obscure reputations and earned a livelihood by teaching fallacious discourse, imposing public credulity, and propagated immoral doctrines. However, Socrates did not record any of his teachings; his works are largely known from the writings of his students Aristotle and Plato. At that time, Socrates was particularly disliked for he openly challenged anyone’s thinking through endless Socratic dialogue. In addition, Socrates publicly questioned the gods that the Athenians worshiped at that time.  A possible source of resentment could be with regards to political views that Socrates and his associates held. Socrates himself openly espoused anti-democratic views. Probably the most prominent one being the view that professional policy and genuine knowledge that is possessed by few yields correct policies rather than majority opinions. Plato’s accounts of Socrates portray him as being severely overcritical of some well-respected and prominent leaders of the democracy of Athenian. Moreover, Socrates personally claimed officials appointed by the Athenian system were not credible and could not be esteemed as benefactors since the system seem to benefit the minority than the majority in the society.  It is reported that two of his students had briefly tried to overthrow the democratic government of the city, resulting in terror under which thousands of city dwellers were banished and deprived of their property. Moreover, Socrates was known to often praise the undemocratic regimes of Crete and Sparta. Besides, his political views, Socrates upheld unusual religious views and severally made claims of his personal spirit.  In essence, Socrates’s open criticism of prominent politicians created many enemies. In addition, Socrates was made a scapegoat for a sequence of disasters that had stroke Athens such as droughts, floods, and military defeat.  Therefore, most citizens would have seen these events as a sign that their gods have been offended by Socrates’ legitimate questions on the gods.

It follows then that Socrates’s trials and execution took place in Athens in 399 B.C. at the age of 70, Socrates, the father of Greek philosophy was put on trial. Socrates the philosopher stood before a jury of 500 Athenians and a crowd of spectators accused of corrupting the youth of Athens and impiety. Socrates’s three accusers were all prominent members of the Athens political scenes. Each was allotted time to present their case, instead of defending himself, Socrates question the legitimacy of the trial. After hearing Socrates and the accuser’s arguments, under the law of Athens, jurors did not deliberate but rather voted with an urn that indicated “guilty” or “not guilty.” So the jurors voted.  Socrates the great philosopher was found guilty by a vote of 280 against 220. While the jurors deliberated on Socrates’s penalty, a death penalty was proposed by his accusers. On the other hand, Socrates was also presented with the chance to defend himself.  Under the Athenian system, a defendant could suggest his own penalty. At first, Socrates humorously proposed that he should be charged for his actions. When further pressed for a justifiable punishment, Socrates eventually suggested a moderate sum.  Altogether, the jury decided on a death sentence for Socrates. So, Socrates was put in a nearby jail. Under Athenian law, his sentencing would be drinking a deadly portion of the hemlock plant. So Socrates would be his own executioner.  Socrates died a hero to one group and a villain to another.

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Why do we sleep?

We rarely think about why we sleep. Yet, we can all agree that we cannot do without it and at some point sleep makes us feel better. Conceivably, sleep is one activity that both humans and most animals engage in. It is true that we have different sleeping schedules yet it is also true that sleep is just as basic as other primal needs in our lives. One approach that can help in analyzing the importance of sleep is to compare sleep to other humane activities let say hunger. I know it’s fairly easier to comprehend the role eating plays in relieving hunger, practically; sleeping and eating are not that dissimilar. For instance, sleeping relieves overall exhaustion and sleepiness just as eating relieves hunger. For a while, it was conceived that sleeping is an inactive state for both the mind and body. However, over the years research has established that sleep is an active period with its own distinctive and complicated physical and mental mechanics.

Scientists have tried exploring why we sleep from multiple approaches. In one approach scientists studied the effect of sleep deprivation on humans and animals. In another, they analyzed sleeping patterns in an attempt to draw conclusive remarks on the function of sleep, and in another study, researchers theorized that we sleep due to the body’s energy demands. Nonetheless, regardless of multiple types of research on the aspects of sleep, the answer to why we sleep still remains elusive. For a while, it had been difficult for scientists to pinpoint why we sleep due in part to the fact that they assumed that the brain was inactive during sleep. However, multiple types of research continue to be leveled in this field. Though, still unproven multiple theories on sleep have added up to bring an understanding to why we sleep. Research on sleep particularly, sleep deprivation suggests that sleep is essential in ensuring that the brain functionality stays put. Experiments on sleep-deprived rats proved that when one is sleeping unimportant connections are trashed and important ones are reinforced. Moreover, in a study conducted in 2013, researchers conceptualized that the glymphatic system naturally occurred during sleep and is solely responsible for waste removal. From this study we could gather that sleep is important since it renews brains functionality. When we sleep, the brain rests so as to improve and recalibrate our synapses as well as enhance our memory skills. Apparently, we can all relate to sleep essentiality since when we are deprived of sleep we tend to feel irritable, more tired, less effective, and very clumsy.  In yet another study, scientists identified that sleep helps us consolidate our memories. Conceivably, we take in a lot of information when we are awake. In essence, such information is just not directly logged into our brains. Rather, through systematic and complex processes the information is processed, and then stored from the short-term memory to the long-term one when we are asleep. In addition, research affirms that sleep is crucial in the performance of memory tasks.

Of course, some of the above explanations on unraveling the sleep mystery are quite ambiguous. For a fact even the pioneer in sleep research, William Dement, was unable to point out why exactly we sleep, he states; “As far as I know, the only reason we need to sleep that is really solid is that we get sleepy.” Nonetheless, while the recommended sleep dosage varies from children to adults, too much sleep like too much of every other thing in life has its effects. It is believed that too much sleep can confuse the part of the brain that is responsible for controlling the body’s daily activities. I guess this explains why we feel drowsy after too much sleep.

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The first person to reach the North Pole

  Over a considerable period of time, there has been debate on the maiden person to reach the North pole and continuous to remain contentious in the history of exploration. The bone of contention has been trying to separate two U.S. explorers and their proponents purporting being the maiden persons’ to reach the North Pole. Between Robert Peary and Fredrick Cook, who became the first person to reach North Pole? Much as we talk about the exploration of the North Pole, the answer to this question may not be as mentioned above. According to one historical researcher, who expound on the great contentious issue about the first person to reach North pole, concurred that substantial proof found out from diaries of the said explorers, account of companion, prove that neither men stood way above the peak as they do claim. As a matter of fact, what the expedition papers show with regards to the maiden person to reach the North Pole is that they made authentic attempts to reach the pole in the wake of the 20th century. However, they experienced great challenges during their expedition from the harsh weather condition in the Arctic and restraints of the navigational equipment of the time.

Further over the period of time, the controversy about the first person to reach the North Pole former Peary’s assertions were endorsed by The Times as well as authenticated by the National Geographic Society being the sponsoring of the his expedition. Subsequently, the American Congress elevated Peary to rear admiral giving him a suchlike pension. Based on claims on the first person to reach the North Pole, Peary’s assertion undoubtedly looked stronger compared to Cook’s, whose compatriot attested to his fraud regarding his expeditions to the pole. Meanwhile, as researchers expounded on the first person to reach the North Pole, there were suspicions regarding Peary’s scanty records then, and the skepticism escalated when they took emphasis on the navigational methodologies used. In addition, a book by one of the authors about whether it was fact of fiction with regards to the first person to reach North Pole entitled “pole-in-one” believed to be good to be genuine. Needless to say, proponents of Peary as the first person to reach the North Pole were optimistic that he would be exculpated when British explorer was permitted to access former unsighted material from Peary’s archives. Undoubtedly, the British explorer (Herbert) wasn’t convinced enough by the new found evidence concerning the first person to reach the North Pole. Herbert who had been invited by the National Geographic Society to expound on the Peary’s assertion of being the first person to reach the North Pole, didn’t acknowledge his analysis as such.

This controversy about the first person to reach the North Pole, led to another expert who was a librarian Mr. Bryce, to take interest on expounding on Cook’s biography. Remarkably, he was permitted to access personal documents of Cooks in order to make his own preservations. He began with finding evidence reinforcing Dr. Cook assertion and in investigating the explorer’s letters and journals alongside others, he found out that some of the information were doctored and erased. Nevertheless, the debate about the first person to reach the North Pole, based on Cook’s assertions continuous to be contentious as apparently he manipulated dates to match the claimed observations. There are those to the opinion that Cook’s claims are more convincing much than Peary’s. Others team led by Will Seger who became the first person to reach the North Pole after Peary-Cook shows that the controversy may never be determined. In relation to the first person to reach the North Pole, far reaching claims suggest that admiral Peary fared much better than his competitor. According to Bryce’s book, Cook seemed to have relied much on admiral Peary. As we end this controversial debate about who is the first person to reach the North Pole, both the explorers can be compared to Siamese twins, when you separate them from each other you lose some crucial parts of each.

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What is included in a research paper?

If you find yourself gazing at a blank page on your computer screen, unsure how to approach your difficult research paper? Research papers are difficult and time-consuming assignments that, more importantly, account for a significant portion of a student’s grade in all classes.

  Academic writing is tough, but written communication skills are necessary for college, graduate school, and your future career. That is why you should put in a lot of effort to mastering the art of paper writing.

  If you are doubtful where to begin, read on to learn about effective strategies for making this process as painless as possible.

  Step 1. Choose a Topic

College students are sometimes given research paper topics to choose from, but if you are fortunate enough to have this option, choose wisely. First and foremost, consider selecting a challenging issue that you are interested in. You will not get bored researching because you will almost certainly learn something new, and you will enjoy the writing process as a result.

  Choose topics that are not too technical or too broad.

Your research paper will be unlikely to be successful if your topic is too broad because it will appear to be a general overview.

  Make your topic-specific and manageable by narrowing it down to a particular aspect, concept, or idea. If your topic is “Pollution,” for example, you should narrow it down to “Causes of pollution. “And it’s on Human Health,” or something similar.

  Pick Such Topic That Is Researched

Sometimes students are given research article topics, but the best scenario is when you can pick your topic. In such a case, you could use mind mapping or brainstorming methods to make a good topic relevant to the assignment guidelines you are interested in writing about.

The key to success is choosing as broad as possible.

  Remember, your time is limited, and you can’t afford to spend much time researching to find enough material to write on an unusual or rare topic. It’s the best way to select a topic that has been studied many times before.

          Make In-Depth Quick Notes of the Topic of Research

In case you aren’t certain how to write a research paper effectively, remember that the fastest method is to do your research first and later develop your thesis statement. Developing your thesis early is not a good idea because there is not enough evidence to support it.

  Start with Wikipedia for a broad overview of the topic. Google Scholar, online databases and encyclopedias, government reports and other publications, scholarly articles in scientific journals, newspapers, etc.

  You need to review all sources you find, evaluate the information collected, and take quick notes of the key ideas you may want to quote or paraphrase in your research paper.

  Do not forget to keep track of your sources to avoid plagiarism. Use your notes later when building your bibliography page.

  Make Sure to Create an Outline of Your Essay in Advance

Now, when you finish your research and have a bunch of ideas, structuring them is vital. Before you start writing, organize your thoughts in an outline.

  Planning and outlining are critical to your writing assignment’s success, as they save you a lot of time when you start writing. Without a sketch, your project will lack focus, and you may spend much more time trying to comprehend how to make sense of your unorganized thoughts.

  Write the Abstract and Introduction First

Write an abstract summarizing your research paper’s main ideas and purpose. Then write your introduction. The introduction should contextualize your research paper topic. Start with a strong opening sentence capturing your readers’ attention.

  Then give some background data relevant to the topic and briefly describe why this topic is important. You should also clarify how to approach your topic. End your statement with your thesis.

  Step 2. Write Down a Working Thesis Statement

Formulate a working thesis before beginning your research because it will guide your investigation and keep you focused on your subject. Your thesis statement must be short and to the point, and it should reflect the type of paper you are working on. All research papers can be classified into three groups:

contentious or persuasive if you are arguing the conclusion;

explanatory when you explain information;

Analytical when you present your analysis of certain data.

  You must devote enough of your valuable time to developing a strong thesis statement for your project to have a clear purpose. Because your entitlements need to be braced by evidence, your thesis should be debatable and narrow. In case your claim is wide-ranging, more evidence will be required to persuade your readers that you are correct. An example of a controversial thesis statement is as follows:

  The most pressing issue confronting the world today is air pollution.

  Step 3. Do Research on your Area of Research

You should gather a sufficient number of secondary and primary reliable sources on the theme of your research paper, read them all wisely, and find relevant evidence to back up your thesis. At this point, you should evaluate your sources, take notes, and begin documenting your sources using the citation style your instructor has specified (APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, etc.)

  Make sure you are working with the most recent version of a style guide. When you are writing your paper and compiling your bibliography, you will refer to your reference notes. To avoid plagiarism, you may be pretty sure to cite all of the sources you used for quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing.

  Step 4. Make a Good Outline

You have come up with a lot of fantastic ideas as a result of your research. You must now organize them in preparation for your remarkable presentation.

  Don’t skip this crucial step; if you do not, your project will be disorganized, and you will need more time to revise your draft as you try to make sense of your chaotic thoughts. That is why you will require an outline.

  You must complete your thesis and create a working outline of the topics you intend to cover, which will serve as a roadmap and help you stay on track.

  Consider the main points you will need to develop to back up your thesis statement. They can be used as subheadings in your paper’s main body. Examine your notes and group the information under each subheading. Make certain that you only include relevant information that fits under your subheadings and directly supports your thesis.

    No matter how interesting something is, you should resist the urge to include it if it does not fit into your outline.

  When creating an outline, keep in mind the typical structure of a research paper, which includes:

A title page, an abstract, an introduction, a methodology section, findings/results, discussion, and a conclusion are required.

  Step 5. Create the First Draft

This is where the procedure is in the middle. You know where you are going, so write the first draft, including a title, in-text citations, and a reference page.

  Because it is the first thing that your readers see, the title is extremely important if you want to make a good impression. It shapes their perceptions of what they should expect from your paper. You should make a list of keywords that describe the topic of your paper, the methods you used, and the outcomes you obtained.

  Create a sentence that includes all of the keywords you have listed, and then delete the words that are not necessary. Then you must connect the remaining ones. Finally, remove any non-essential information and arrange the remaining words in a logical order. The subtitle can be included as well. Make sure your title is short and to the point.

  Following that, you must compose an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. These are the most important parts of your paper, so let us show you how to do them correctly.

  How to Write an Introduction for a Research Paper

  Begin by composing an introduction. The first paragraph should start with attention-grabbing sentences, such as:

A provoking question.

An unusual fact.

A narrative story.

  Even though you are writing an academic paper, that does not mean you have to be dull. Following that, you must provide background information, explain your objectives, and describe how you intend to approach your research paper topic.

  Your thesis statement or research question should be the last sentence of your introduction. Because this section of your paper is not very long, you will be able to complete it quickly.

  How to Write Body Paragraphs

This section of your paper will be easier to complete if you use your outline. You should not, however, believe that you must adhere to it to the letter. It is possible that it will change over time, and you are free to revise it and make changes.

  The most important thing is to stay on track and concentrate on your thesis. You should state your points and back up your main point.

  Make sure to begin each paragraph of the body with a topic sentence as well as then support it with arguments as well as related evidence. You must write as many body paragraphs as there are key points in your outline.

  How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper

The thesis statements in most research papers are restarted at the end. You can do it as well, but do not repeat it verbatim. Summarize the main points of your paper. You can also emphasize the importance of your findings. It is a good idea to make some recommendations or suggest some research topics based on the findings of your investigation.

  Your first draught is complete. Now you are aware of what to do next? Continue reading to learn how to revise your research paper.

  How to Make Your Paper Perfect

Nobody is capable of writing a perfect first draft. Therefore, if you want to make a good first impression on your professor and get a good grade, you should revise your draft to ensure that your project is on track. Be prepared to revise your project several times because it is well worth your time.

  Step 6. Revise, Edit, and Proofread

You must make major changes and double-check the logic, flow, and transitions, and change the structure and order of your paragraphs. Make sure that all of your ideas are well developed and that all of your claims are backed up by solid evidence. Some section headings may be necessary.

  Editing is the next stage. You must check for and remove filler words and phrases, improve word choice, and correct punctuation and grammar errors if any are discovered. Look for the following:

Incomplete sentences in the paragraph.

Correction of a spelling mistake.

Possessives and plurals mistakes.

You will have to go over your paper several times before you are satisfied with it. Reading your paper backward is a smart strategy. You will become slightly disoriented due to this, and you will be able to detect more errors. You should begin by reading the last sentence, and then check the second to last sentence, and so on until you reach your first sentence.

  You should ask your friends or family members to look over your research paper and provide feedback. They should look for any inconsistencies in usage, grammar, or mechanics and evaluate your argument, transitions, and balance. Request feedback from your friends, and make suggested changes if you believe they are appropriate. Finally, print and proofread your paper to correct any minor errors or typos and ensure that your outstanding research paper is error-free.

  Conclusion

After spending much time and energy introducing and arguing the paper’s main body points, the conclusion brings everything together and underlines what it means. A stimulating, informative conclusion leaves the reader informed and satisfied.

A meaningful conclusion, when read individually from the rest of the research paper, will win appreciation. You can also suggest some fascinating ideas and points for further investigation and demonstrate why you think they are important.

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What were the circumstances surrounding the death of Osama Bin Laden?

In the history of organized crime towards humanity, the name al-Qaeda and Osama Bin Laden come into being. In the fall of September 2002, America witnessed one of the most humane terrorist attacks against civilian orchestra by the terror group al-Qaeda. The chief master-mind was Osama Bin Laden who made it clear being responsible for the attack. The U.S government enlisted the al-Qaeda network as an outlawed group and Osama Bin Laden in the list of the most wanted in the world. On that account, come May 2011, the U.S government under the Special Forces military, Osama Bin Laden was killed in an operation dubbed ‘Operation Neptune Spear’. In an actual sense, the circumstances that surrounded the death of Osama Bin Laden are not very clear yet, as there are different stories are revolving around his death.

Further over the period of time, Osama Bin Laden had been on the list of the most sorted individual as his hunt begun soon after the September attack. The statement made by the then-American President George Bush opened the strenuous hunt for Bin Laden not forgetting to dismantle the entire al-Qaeda network. The tracking down of Bin Laden had well begun in the mid-1990s under a coding unit ‘Alec Station’ which was afterward closed in the wake of 2005 under the backdrop of the CIA subversive mission to another alternative location. The mission on Bin Laden and his nemesis was revamped back when President Obama was inaugurated into office. Remarkably, during President Obama’s campaign trail back in 2008, his proclamation that states: “We will kill Bin Laden, We will crush al-Qaeda” was meted with great enthusiasm making it a priority on the national security front. As a matter of fact, the Americans’ intelligence fraternity mission to locate Osama Bin Laden emanated from the bits and pieces from the information retrieved from the infamous attack of 2002, culminating into years of consistent investigation. More precisely, the wake of July 2010 marked the turning point instigated by a Pakistanis working for the Intelligence Agency who put down Bin Laden’s car license plate. This information gave the C.I.A a leeway on tracking Bin Laden in an around central Pakistan ultimately to a sprawling compound in Abbottabad.

The pinnacle of this whole mission was the Abbottabad operation and by the beginning of September 2010, the military had been dispatched to Abbottabad launching surveillance intensively. In cognizance of Operation Neptune Spear, the theme was “a kill-or-capture” mission with the connotation of “kill” of great emphasis as it was clear right from the beginning that Bin Laden would not surrender. The fact that the operation was under the military meant that a lot of information was highly confidential.

As it turned out, the arrival of a group of twenty-five Navy Seals with two Black Hawk helicopters in the wake of May 2011 saw the assault of Bin Laden compound in Abbottabad. Remarkably, the operation lasted about forty minutes as the Special Forces had breached the exterior walls of the compound before making their way through the ground floor where Bin Laden lived. What ensued thereafter were firefighting and in the last ten minutes of the episode, Bin Laden succumbs to a gunshot wound on the head. Among the casualties were three men and a woman including Bin Laden’s son. Incidentally, there were no any American casualties in the assault. Osama Bin Laden’s body was airlifted to Afghanistan for official verification to be later buried in an unidentified location in the Arabian Sea in accordance with the Islamic doctrines

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What was the women’s suffrage movement and how did it change America?

The wake of the mid-19th century culminated in the formation of a movement that came to be known as the Women Suffrage Movement that fought for the rights of women to vote as well as run for electoral positions. In America, the women’s suffrage movement achieved its prominence after the inaugural convention for women’s rights held in New York in 1848. The pioneers of the movement who were also active members of the abolitionist movement through their collaboration emphasized gaining suffrage. After the convention, it didn’t stop at that as women suffrage supporters worked hand-in-hand to enlighten the public about the authenticity of woman suffrage. As a matter of fact, through the then pioneers, the women suffragists propagated appeals and lobbied Congress to confer an amendment on the constitution to emancipate women. Similarly, the women reformers championing the women suffrage movement both in the club and settlement house movement strived to enact legislation reforms. However, the movement realized that for them to attain tangible reforms, they required the constitutional right to participate in voting.

Today, the reason why women vote is as a result of the women’s suffrage movement, a movement that was bold and persistent enough to politically campaign for its rights, lasting over six decades. The spirit behind the women’s suffrage movement gained its inspiration through idealism and sacrifice where thousands of men and women were mobilized. Women suffrage movement is better known for its remarkable and successful non-violent efforts to change embedded social attitudes and institutions in modern times. With respect to that, the women’s suffrage movement provided a peculiar window in the emergence of women into American political life. The women suffrage movement did not mean that only women were involved, men too were suffragists. The movement depended on men for their votes to continue championing their main agenda. Some of the amendments were virtually men-driven state legislations as courageous men risked being ridiculed in the men dominance society. According to the women’s suffrage movement, America was now endowed with a new cultural heritage, covering not only historical personalities but also legendary exploits as well as extraordinary personal figures. Despite the true women’s equality and freedom not yet attainable, the women suffrage movement has offered a new generation of activists a firm foundation on which to future would be built. By the turn of the twentieth century, the women’s suffrage movement enabled women to now enroll in colleges and train for professions that were presumed to be male dominance such as law, medicine as well as corporate. The culmination of the women’s suffrage movement, opened doors for women to take economic roles and make a mark in society. Based on that fact, there are more educational opportunities for women, the movement led to women receiving higher salaries even though not at the same level as their male counterparts. On the basis of women’s suffrage movement, women could now use their newfound rights to campaign for the enlargement of social policies formulated during the Progressive Era. In the wake of the 1920s, the collaboration of fourteen women’s rights organizations led to the formation of the Women’s Joint Congressional Committee. The main agenda based on the spirit of women’s suffrage movement was to assertively lobby for the federal level of social welfare legislation. As a result, the organization led to the establishment of a mother’s pension program for the less fortunate women and children, as well as industrial reforms for instance child labor laws.

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What was the Manhattan Project and what impact did it have on the World?

The great Manhattan Project was initiated in the wake of 1939 when the then President was informed of a possibility of German scientists racing against time to construct an atomic bomb which had gotten the attention of Hitler as another alternative of a military weapon. In the event, President Roosevelt formulates an Advisory Committee on Uranium, involving the civilian and military to research on uranium and to advise on the appropriate course of action. Come 1942, the Manhattan Engineer District was established by the American government to attain the main objective of producing an atomic weapon with pressure emanating from the then-global war. The Manhattan Project weapon was to be developed in record time at Los Alamos Laboratory led by physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. The Manhattan Project was located as a four hundred and twenty-eight thousand-acre industrial complex in New Mexico. Meanwhile, the Manhattan Project had consumed two billion dollars with no possibility of whether the bomb would work or not despite the input of great scientific minds involved.

Remarkably, in relation to the Manhattan Project, there was totally no precise reaction when the bomb was detonated and different opinions kept flying all over. In that same year 1945, two atmospheres of plutonium were shifted from Los Alamos to the test site with theories suggesting that the atoms in the plutonium ridding themselves of billions of neutrons eventually splitting other atoms hence releasing enormous energy in a chain reaction. The culmination of the awaited Manhattan Project came in the summer of 1945, at Trinity Site adjacent to Alamogordo as scientists got ready to watch the first detonation of an atomic bomb. What transpired after that was an enormous blinding flash seen to over two hundred miles in the morning skies.

The Manhattan Project was at the brink of success and was undoubtedly significant development and important in the American strategy of bringing an end to World War II. By American using weapons of mass destruction, it led to Japanese to surrender without any invasion. On the other hand, the Manhattan Project gave other nations the opportunity to create nuclear weapons that were more powerful that would pose more danger to the entire human race around the world. Needless to say, the Manhattan Project consumed a colossal amount of money which pundits say adjusted the current economy presumably costing over twenty-four point four billion dollars. The causative effect of the Manhattan Project opened a new pathway of development of science, engineering, technology as well as military and a new chapter of society into a new era. As a matter of fact, Manhattan Project brought about a new powerhouse of what we now know as the United State of America, a nation before the start of the war was undergoing some Great depression only to come out as the new superpower of the world. The legacy of the great Manhattan Project created great advances in the world of physics as scientists now exploit the knowledge and power of harnessing nuclear energy as a new source of energy. On the flipside, Manhattan Project affected people in a negative way in the sense that the radiation leads to cause cancer like leukemia. The Manhattan Project is no doubt a great achievement and the dropping of the bomb greatly changed the true meaning of war for the entire citizenry of the world.

source https://essaymojo.com/blog/what-was-the-manhattan-project-and-what-impact-did-it-have-on-the-world/

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What was the Magna Carta and how did it change England?

In the wake of the 13th century, England marked the beginning of a new chapter in its history of democracy. In the year 1215 to be precise, an important document which came to known as the Magna Carta was signed by King John to forever change the power of the monarchy, rights of the citizenry, and how Parliament influenced the country. Magna Carta a Latin word meaning ‘Great Charter’ a document cherished in the history of democracy. When you talk about a charter, what it simply means is a document written to define the rights of a group of people. The circumstances that lead to the signing of the Magna Carta were followed by the ongoing rebellion from the barons at that time. Before, the signing of the Magna Carta, England was under the feudal system which saw the subjugation of peasants by the individuals who owned land, as the peasant could not own land. In essence, Magna Carta mandated that no freeman could be subjected to punishment except through the law of the land. In any case, the King’s power was curtailed as Magna Carta was a symbol of what was to come as it carried profound implications with its impact felt within England. Apparently, Magna Carta acted as a catalyst that influenced an array of events that resulted in significant political and social transformation in modern England. During the reign of King John, his actions of making decisions without consulting with the barons made him receive rebellion from several quarters. Following King John relinquishing the Kingdom of England to the Church, it greatly angered the barons as well as the bishops, and together they drafted a list of demands which culminated in this famous document Magna Carta.

One of the fundamental contributions of the Magna Carta to democracy was that it presented a new dispensation in the history of England by curtailing the power of the monarch. England before Magna Carta had the belief that the monarch remained as the absolute rule whereby the King had the prerogative to do whatever he pleases. Apparently, Magna Carta mandated the King to acknowledge that there should certain laws that were also abiding by the monarchy. As a result, Magna Carta necessitated the establishment of the principle of the rule of law, meaning the rule of law was now the absolute ruler. The powers now shifted from the kings and queens. Incidentally, Magna Carta occasioned the establishment of certain rights for all citizenry like the right to fair trials. During King John’s reign, parliament never existed and Magna Carta meant that a council of twenty-five barons would be formulated with whom the king consulted on matters concerning the country. Early proponents concur that Magna Carta sowed the first seed of parliamentary democracy. Similarly, the implication of the Magna Carta meant that every citizen would access the courts regardless of their financial capabilities resulting in upholding the civil rights of individual citizens.

Following Magna Carta directives, the subjects were now for the first time involved in matters relating to taxation and foreign invasions. Furthermore, Magna Carta led to the foundation for English liberties which not only influenced England but also in American history. In conclusion, Magna Carta remains one of pinnacle of democracy in England shaping the society, religion as well as politics

source https://essaymojo.com/blog/what-was-the-magna-carta-and-how-did-it-change-england/

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What was the code of the Bushido and how did it affect samurai warriors?

Incidentally, of the renowned warrior cultures around the world, the samurai constitutes one of the most famous. There are known for their prowess in fighting and the quality of their swords as well as their dedication to the Bushido code. When you are talking about the Bushido code, one is basically referring to ‘the samurai’s way’ a reference of the warriors’ philosophic code of behavior. In medieval Japan, a samurai was a warrior who was educated of the nobility class offered services to the military lord’s resemblance of the knights in the English royalty. As a matter of fact, Bushido in certain terms is the Japanese equivalent of the chivalry of medieval knights. Needless to say, the basic principle of bushido was the mastery of martial arts, loyalty, honor, and frugality. Apparently, the term Bushido was first mentioned in the period around the 16th century when civil war emerged as the samurai progressively reincarnated.

Bushido’s untainted ideology is associated with “martial spirit” incorporating athletic and warrior skills as well as bravery in encountering the enemy in the war field. In the wake of 19th century, the Bushido code became the definite principle and the legal abatement of the class of samurai which was eventually regarded as the property of the nation. During the medieval period, samurai were armed supporters of rich landowners several of whom vacated the imperial court to discover their new fortunes elsewhere. Samurai in other translated terms refer to “those who serve” share the same connotation for a warrior that is “bushi” where bushido is derived from. Basically, bushido was not put down into writing until the beginning of the 17th century several periods after the existence of the samurai. The samurai were required to be loyal to the lord as the lord expected obedience which in turn led them to receive economic and military benefits. The sense of loyalty through the guiding principle of bushido made the samurais battle to the death in irrecoverable fights just to defend their lord’s fortitude or even committed suicide in the event they felt that they are a disgrace to their master. Arguably, the samurai were entitled to a duty of vengeance. Based on their bushido code of conduct, in the event, the reputation of their lord was blemished or the death of their master by intruders, the samurai sought out the killers.  This was evident during the famous samurai story “The 47 Ronin” a tale of traditional samurai vengeance. Apparently, the bushido code was stringent to an extent that whenever a samurai declined to defend his honor, the only way he could attain back it was through conducting a suicidal ritual. During the period around the First and Second World Wars, bushido presented itself as revitalizing traditional values which were claimed to provide a spiritual shield to allow samurai or warriors to fight to the end. Astonishingly, the spirit of bushido called upon to urge that united the entire nation. As it turned out, during the period between the 17th century and mid-19th century, the samurai class acted as a central role in policing and administration of the nation. As a matter of fact, the bushido code was much more relevant to the samurai seeking more general application of martial principles and experience in peacetime. Until now the bushido code still remains as part of the principle among the indigenous Japanese society

source https://essaymojo.com/blog/what-was-the-code-of-the-bushido-and-how-did-it-affect-samurai-warriors/

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What happened during the Salem witch trials?

The Salem witch trials have been marked as one of the most notorious cases of mass hysteria ever recorded. In 1962 at least twenty individuals were convicted and executed in Salem Massachusetts for allegedly practicing witchcraft, hundred other suspects were jailed and a handful died in prison following the Salem trial. The Salem witchcraft crisis began in 1961 and proceeded to 1962 summer. What happened in the Salem witchcraft trials has been a troubling subject in historical debates for decades. So what really caused the Salem witchcraft hysteria?

Events leading to the Salem witch trials are quite dubious, though the Salem witch trials were fueled by multiple existing phenomena. One, Salem was considered as a quarrelsome village with a fractious populous, impending political and religious fragmentations, and the belief in supernaturalism and witch crafty. Such tensions coupled with resentment and suspicion between the natives and the immigrants fueled the witch trials in Salem. While the Salem witch trial events are explained by varying accounts the common consensus is that in early 1962, two girls began having fits that comprised violent contortions, writhing, spasms, and uncontrollable screams(contemporary medics suggest that the girls could have probably been suffering from mental illness, epilepsy, boredom or a disease occasioned by eating fungus infested rye). Meanwhile, a local doctor diagnosis revealed that the two girls were possessed and bewitched. The two girls accused three women of witch crafty. Following, the diagnosis other girls in Salem also exhibited similar symptoms. What followed were multiple suspicions, questioning, and arrest warrants.

Initially, the Salem trial arrested three women suspected of witch crafty, Tituba the Caribbean slave girl, Sarah Osborne an old woman, and Sarah Good a homeless beggar. Tituba unlike the others confessed to her guilt, probably, with the intention of saving herself. Nonetheless, Tituba admitted to not being the only witch in Salem. She named dozens. Like Tituba dozens of others that were accused also confessed and named others. Tituba’s confession induced hysteria, panic and sparked a massive witch hunt. The basis of selecting the Salem witches has been quite contentious. Others arguing that Salem ‘witches’ were purely selected on religious and socio afflictions while others maintain that the alleged Salem witches were indeed guilty. In retrospect, subsequent events in the Salem witch trials were marked by dozens of tortures, trials, convictions, and executions. Hysteria continuously ravaged rapidly in the Salem community following the witch trials. The number of accused witches in Salem rose over time; the accused comprised both children and even staunch church members.

Over time, as the number of accused intensified, the Salem witch trials began to overwhelm the judicial system. A special court was fortified to distinctly handle Salem witch trials. These courts resulted in many other convictions and executions. As time went on, it becomes quite apparent that most witnesses presented dubious spectral testimonies. Nonetheless, the concerns were unheard of in the initial stages. However, amidst public outcry, the Salem witch trials dwindled over time. Finally, in 1967, the general courts of Massachusetts deemed the Salem witch trials as being unlawful. They annulled guilty verdicts, and the presiding judge publically apologized for his role in the Salem witch trials. Years later, in 1711, Massachusetts State passed legislation that saw the financial restitution and restoration of the good names of Salem witches that were initially condemned. Could the Salem trials have been avoided? Certainly! If there were means to analyses witnesses’ accounts. Nonetheless, the answer to the question is objectively debatable. On the positive side, the Salem witch trial crisis provides a cautionary tale. It cautions us against superstitions, religious extremism, false accusations, and the need for fair trials.

source https://essaymojo.com/blog/what-happened-during-the-salem-witch-trials/

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What efforts are being taken to protect endangered wildlife?

  Today, the world may be scuffling to a surmountable extinction crisis after the dinosaurs were stroked out of existence. Despite this, the United States is alluding to claims of concerted efforts that are underway towards the protection of endangered species. Ideally, as a show of how far these efforts have been successful, thirty-four species have been obscured from the federal Endangered Species Act since the fall of the 1970s as a sign of recovery rather than extinction. Current statistics indicate that there are one thousand four hundred and thirty domestic and overseas species regarded to be under extinction. Additionally, conservationists have emphasized habitat preservation cutesy of the establishment of new wildlife refuges and wilderness areas as well as for private and public land-use planning giving room for development without inferring with habitat. Remarkably, certain wildlife conservation organizations are keeping tabs with most endangered species under captive breeding programs; thereafter their offsprings are let out into the species’ original habitat when the entire breeding process is completed.

Certain government legislations have been formulated over a period of time dating back from the 1960s that are aimed at protecting endangered species. Under the U.S. 1973 Endangered Species Act which bars any participation of trade in endangered wildlife or their end-products and mandated that federal agencies examine the effect on wildlife habitat. Needless to say, the laws are fundamental particularly to conservationists who use them as a tool to prevent the exploitation of natural habitats. On the international front, collective efforts have been enforced to outlaw the trade in spotted cats and reptiles (crocodiles). Efforts that begun in wake of the 1970s regarding international trade in Endangered Species, where a number of nations were in attendance culminated in the success story in the 1990s. In any case, the convention led to the prohibition of trade in rhinoceros horn and elephant ivory, bird eggs, and South American parrots. In China, conservationists have been facing the challenge of containing China’s appetite for wild game and making the war on poaching one of the principal priorities to curb the menace. Only recently, a Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress reiterates the laws regarding illegal wildlife trade. What transpired resulted in law in that, a person who’s found eating endangered species or purchasing them for other reasons is bound to a punishable jail term of ten years. Following this assertion, the law has cleared the ambiguity that existed there before in relation to the interpretation and now the consumers are well aware of what is at stake. Incidentally, China consists of four hundred and twenty endangered wildlife including the panda and golden monkey. With respect to that, consumers who are hungry for a taste of the wild in China have to think twice prior to having a bite.

Efforts to protect the endangered wildlife are synonymous with various nations, the government of India has laid out some important frameworks concerning the protection of wildlife. As an important initiative, frequent assessments conducted in relation to prioritized species such as rhinoceros and lions have been hastened to the benefit of the species. Budgetary allocation purposely for the recovery programs aimed at protecting the seriously endangered species has been clearly stipulated by the State government.  Subsequently, the creation of protected areas in the entire country under the Wildlife Protection Act 1972 has resulted in what is now the protected zones namely, sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, National Parks, and Common reserves for the conservation of wildlife.

    source https://essaymojo.com/blog/what-efforts-are-being-taken-to-protect-endangered-wildlife/

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What do historians know about ninjas?

The secret spies’ assassins in black robes with magical abilities concealed in dark clothes and specialized in unorthodox skills… That’s the initial exposure that most of us have had growing up and watching ninja films. The first time most of us saw ninjas was either from video games, movies, or animations. Unfortunately, most of the media representation of the same doesn’t depict a realistic picture. In essence, Robin Hood in the English world is similar to the ninja in conventional japan folklore. Primarily, Ninjas were assassins but they did not kill for fun, for the most part, ninjas engaged in warfare as a survival tactic during the feudal time in Japan’s history. “Ninjutsu” translates into Japanese as the “art of stealth.” “Nin” is a Japanese character that has multiple connotations including sufferance, endurance, and perseverance. Ninjutsu is a term that is used to refer to a combination of skills and techniques that are used by Ninjas. Ninjutsu developed over years, though the name appeared years after the Ninja lifestyle had begun. It’s hard to pinpoint when exactly ninja popped up in Japan, though it is popularly believed that ninjas date back to ancient china back in the 15th to 17th century in the period of Sengoku. Over time conflicting stories have been depicted, though legitimacy over the same is questionable. Perhaps this is because ninjas were masters of secrecy and stealth and also because historical accounts were made by the affluent in the society while the Ninjas were of a lower rank.

Probably ninjas began within a group of “mountain ascetics” who practiced Buddhism and lived in Nara and Kyoto hills. These groups of people had a mixture of secret practices that involved the Chinese way of hand fighting, occult superstitions, and vulgar ideas. Most young men were inducted in secret orders and performed magical cures through a mixture of tricks, medicines, and formulas. Ordinarily, most ninjas were not noble; they were mostly farmers and villagers who learned fighting as means of self-preservation. Women were also part of Ninjas, Famously known as the kunoichi, who mostly disguised themselves as dancers infiltrating the enemy castles as concubines and servants. They acted as assassins and spies. Nonetheless, in subsequent periods, miracles were not enough to save this sect. As such, the priests turned into guerrilla warfare, acquainting themselves in the bujutsu, a martial art technique that combined 18 tactics including the famous karate as means to protect their temples and shrines. Ninjas were categorized depending on their grades that involved the leaders, middle class, and the lowest class. In the period of civil war between the 14th and 16th centuries, ninjas become increasingly useful during this time. Most were recruited as arsonists, terrorists, and raiders. Unlike the Samurais who had to adhere to specific formalities, the Ninjas were not in any way restricted in their tactics. Though Ninjas are depicted to be dressed in black clothes, in reality, ninjas mostly wore dark blue clothes, nonetheless, as an espionage agents, most ninjas blended their clothes to match that of their targets. They dressed as peddlers, farmers, or foot soldiers. Ninjas employed a wide variety of equipment, some of which have been popularized in video games, comic books, and movies.

Ninjas were utilized in several conflicts in Japan, the Nanbukucho Wars around 1336 – 1392, the Onin wars and the civil war, and the Sengoku Period. However, in the “Iga Revolt, ninjas who were then seen as threats to the ruling clan were defeated in open battle and scatter over the county. The power base was definitely defeated though Ninjas did not eminently vanish. Legends of ninjas and skills survive to date; such have been embellished in video games, movies, and comic books

source https://essaymojo.com/blog/what-do-historians-know-about-ninjas/

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What dangers and hardships did Lewis and Clark face when exploring the Midwest?

When there is a discussion about Lewis and Clark, much is said about their huge success than the experiences they underwent during their expedition. By the nature of the dangers and hardships they encountered, they were lucky to reach the Pacific Coast and back safely. Lewis an American explorer alongside William Clark led the excursion into a captivating expedition to the Pacific Northwest in wake of the 19th century. The expedition which was termed as the “Lewis and Clark expedition” scaled thirteen thousand kilometers commandeering the troupe down the Ohio River, up the Missouri River, and to the Pacific Ocean. The “Lewis and Clark Expedition” encountered several wild animals on their mission while making their way along the western river. At some point, Lewis was closely killed by the bear as the entire team was accosted by no less than forty bears on their expedition. Similarly, mosquitoes turned out to be a menace as one sergeant on that mission wrote in his diary, that they caused swelling in their faces as well as eyes. The Lewis and Clark expedition had to deal with thunderstorms, flash floods, river snags, freezing temperatures, hail storms, and lightning. During the expedition, Clark together with his slave and hired interpreter escaped by a whisker from a flash flood. Lewis and Clark’s expedition had difficulties with the rivers and at one point their boat capsized.

Alongside their mission, Lewis and Clark envisaged the medical requirements that the two-year expedition in the wilderness would need. Despite all these, Lewis and Clark’s troupe were afflicted with illness, disease, and accidents; some of the diseases they suffered were dysentery, colds and flu, sunburns. Other illnesses that were deemed serious were smallpox, cholera, venereal diseases, and pneumonia. As a matter of fact, in certain instances, the “Lewis and Clark Expedition” experienced stress and conflict resulting from living and working together in extreme conditions for the entire period. More often than not controversy overwork, discipline, the correct route to follow, the distribution of food and supplies, and others was common throughout the expedition. Similarly, there were conflicts between the Lewis and Clark expedition and the local tribes. During their expedition, Lewis and Clark had native guides as well as a French guide who aided in plotting the course, but it would occur that the expedition took wrong turns occasionally. Maintaining the course seemed difficult as the rivers had tributaries directing to different directions. The Lewis and Clark through their determination and enthusiasm encountered some hospitable Native Americans, but when they arrived at Travelers rest in Montana, a group of Blackfeet Indians staged a fight with the troupe but they were triumphant with no casualties. Subsequently, as the Lewis and Clark expedition went through the enchanted territories, they experienced starvation particularly in the mountains as they at colts and candles in other words relaying with the wild edibles for survival. Needless to say, the keelboat was heavy and the Lewis and Clark crew had to daily grind with it up the Missouri River that entailed backbreaking rowing, pushing, and pulling the keelboat through the shallows which was very exhausting. Incidentally, Lewis and Clark expedition typically lied on camping and staying in the open. In essence, there lack of privacy in the sense that getting the time and place for personal needs such as downtime, bathing, sleep and a place to use latrine was hard to come by.

source https://essaymojo.com/blog/17449/

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What caused the stock market crash of 2008?

The collapse of the Lehman’s Brothers investment bank in the fall of 2008 almost saw the collapse of the global financial system.  It considerably took massive taxpayers, extenuative monetary, financial institutions rescue, and fiscal policies to save the industry. Throughout the fall of 2008, media headlines were marked with phrases such as credit crisis, bank collapse, and mortgage crisis. The global financial crisis synonymous with the 2008 financial crisis is considered to be amongst the worst financial crisis since the 1930s Great Depression. While the government raced to rescue the industry, to date the recovery remains asthenic compared with a precedent post-war upturn.  The rippling effect of the global economic surge continues to be felt to date. The GDP in many countries is still below its pre-crisis rate, particularly in Europe where the conjuncture unfolded into the Euro debt crisis. The effects of the 2008 clash are still rippling across the world’s economy, global stock market prices are yet to recuperate,  global financial markets are still struggling to recover, Americans federal reserves is also back in scale, trillion of America’s household net worth is yet to be recovered and so are the years of Americans retirement savings. The immediate effect led to foreclosures, eviction, and unemployment in multiple housing markets and failure in major businesses.

The liquidity crisis dates back years earlier though multiple events playing around the 2008 crisis continues to be leveled up to date. Reading back, decade earlier it’s clear that the 2008 stock market crisis had several causes. Most obvious are the financial institutions, federal reserves and the government are partly to be blamed for failing to moderate the financial market. Nonetheless, historically, it appears that speculations are always to blame for stock market crashes. The Great Depression was caused by speculations over the railroad and the 2008 stock market crush was as well caused by speculations over real estate. The years following the 2008 stock market crash were exhibited by a flood of mortgage lending to subprime borrowers. Thereafter, the adjustable rate on mortgages continued to rise because of ease in the availability of credit. While banks increased their lending, house prices also accelerated, and credit booms vehicles such as collateralized debt obligations (CDO) and mortgage-backed securities (MBS) were on the increase. Over time, because of increased demand, housing prices were on a decline, to compound the existing risk, the total consumer debt continued to grow at a very high rate and massive losses were reported by major financial institutions that had invested in subprime Mortgage-Backed Securities. Regardless of the reported anomalies, financial markets were still high in the fall of 2007 and the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) also reported high trends.

However, in July 2008, the financial market was at its lowest and the federal government announced the takeover of major subprime mortgage lenders because of heavy losses. A week later Lehman Brothers a major investment firm announced the largest bankruptcy ever experienced in US history. In subsequent events, the stock markets plummeted, the Dow continued to fall. Panic ensued in financial markets, effectuating massive short-selling and redemption requests. The weeks that followed were marked by complete turmoil. Ultimately, the events leading to the 2008 stock market crash are actually a lesson on irrationality. Whilst good intentions were the original catalyst to increasing the subprime housing market, somewhere financial regulators failed. As home prices went up, banks accelerated their efforts to increase lending disregarding the consequences of the same. Considering, the investment vehicles driving the illogical growth in subprime mortgage along with massive consumer debts, perhaps the stock market crisis in 2008 could have been avoided.

  source https://essaymojo.com/blog/what-caused-the-stock-market-crash-of-2008/

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What are the risks of artificial tanning or prolonged exposure to the sun?

Tanning is a result of overproduction of the skin pigment called melanin that results in the darkening of the skin. While most people believe that a skin tan results in a beautiful glow the reality is that a tan shows that the skin is trying to protect itself from damages. Typically, a tan is a natural mechanism for the body to defend itself against prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from both artificial sources and the sun. Artificial tanning mostly through indoor tanning beds and lamps has prevalently grown in popularity especially among women. Tanning products such as sunless sprays, tanning pills, and self-tanners all increase the risks of exposure to UV rays. However, studies on the dangers of UV exposure have exposed that any tan is unhealthy either from artificial tans or overexposure to sun rays. Prolonged exposure to UV rays has long-term advanced effects and a number of shortcomings.

The short-term effects include sunburns and allergic itchy rashes to people who are sensitive to UV rays. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), indicates that around 3000 people visit emergency rooms in a year due to injuries sustained in indoor tanning lamps and beds. The long-term effects of over-exposure include irreversible damages to the eyes, skin, and the suppressed immunity. Tanning results in a loss in skin elasticity and an increased risk for premature aging. Premature aging or photoaging is normally caused by unprotected exposure to UV rays. Research indicates that unprotected prolonged exposure to detrimental UV rays results in a breakdown of elastin and collagen fibers in healthy skin resulting in dark spots, wrinkled and leathery skin. Studies from the World Health Organization (WHO) highlight that prolonged exposure to UV may result in suppressed functioning of the immune system especially in people who have been previously treated for Herpes simplex virus; prolonged exposure to sun rays may weaken the immunity system to an extent that is impossible to moderating the virus. Solar keratosis or actinic is also another effect that arises from prolonged exposure to sunlight. Solar keratosis is a common premalignant skin condition that is mostly associates with skin cancer.

There are two types of ultraviolet radiation that cause damages to the skin UVB and UVA rays. Artificial tans like indoor tanning beds ordinarily emit UVA rays at much higher concentration levels than the sun. On the other hand, lamps emit UVB rays. Typically, UVA rays penetrate the skin, causing damages to it. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) indicates that such have detrimental damages to the skin. The report indicates that women who frequently use tanning beds as much as once per month have a 55% increased rate of contracting skin cancer. Similarly, studies affirm that tanning lamps present the highest dominance in cancer risks. In essence, the risk of exposure to indoor tanning is actually higher than prolonged exposure to sun rays. In sum, research indicates that indoor tanning increases the risk of skin cancers including carcinoma and squamous cell as well as melanoma.  Apart from skin cancer, generally, exposure to both UVB and UVA rays results in damaged DNA. Most people argue that artificial tanning is safer than prolonged exposure to the sun; however, the reality is that unlike intensity from artificial tans the sun radiation varies depending on the cloud covering, the season, and time of the day. The bottom line is that tanning either from artificial or natural sources is harmful to the body and very detrimental. Meanwhile, wear sunscreens; avoid tanning beds and prolonged exposure to the sun to protect your skin.

source https://essaymojo.com/blog/what-are-the-risks-of-artificial-tanning-or-prolonged-exposure-to-the-sun/