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Does glycerin help the skin to whiten?

Yes, it helps. Glycerin is widely used in many beauty products due to its moisturizing and nourishing properties. Glycerin has a wide range of amazing benefits and useful impacts on your skin. Glycerin lightens the skin complexion and makes it flawless. It not only brings lighter tone for your skin but also protects from tanning. While dealing with skin care, it is recommended to choose natural vegetable glycerin which comes from plant-based oils. Skin will remain beautiful without greasiness. The glycerin is used in majority of the toners in order to make the skin shade lighter. Glycerin properties: Cleaning. In order to get rid of dust and dirt from the skin, you should use glycerin as a cleanser. Nourishing. Apply care products with glycerin on your skin daily to keep it supple and soft. Great moisturizer. Serving as an excellent moisturizer glycerin reduces dry patches and dull on skin by making your skin absorb water from the air. This makes it especially useful in winter season by safeguarding skin from development cracks. Glycerin hydrates your skin and makes it healthier. Glycerin is a brilliant humectant. It is an excellent choice for maintaining water balance. By attracting water from the air glycerin retains water in the skin. Glycerin has excellent hygroscopic characteristics. Water loss is minimized, so, skin’s water balance is optimized on intercellular level. Skin retains hydrated and nurtured. Skin protection. Glycerin also protects your skin from damage and saves it from disease-causing bacteria and pollution. Gentleness over skin and smoothening. Glycerin is added to skin soaps and lotions as creams because your skin will remain nourished and gentle in this case. It can eradicate the roughness of skin surface and it leaves no harm even over the oily skin. Read the full article

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The main properties of glycerin and use

Glycerin is used in many skin and hair care products. It is an effective emollient that has a cooling effect on the skin. It is added to cosmetics to give softness (moisturizing) and shine. Recent studies have even reported that glycerin helps restore and renew skin cells. Glycerin is very hygroscopic and easily adsorbs water from the air. If the vial of pure glycerin is left open, it will absorb a significant amount of water from the air. Despite the fact that glycerin is a by-product in the manufacture of soap, in its composition it can be found in large quantities only in expensive varieties of soap, including special glycerin soap, where it helps keep moisture on the skin, as well as improves cleansing properties soap. Cosmetic formulations with 20-25% glycerol are used to treat dry skin. It is worth noting that even the use of 20% glycerol solutions on dry, sensitive skin showed no signs of irritation, therefore, glycerin soaps are often used by people with sensitive skin. Glycerin can dissolve a lot of oils and herbal essences. Because it can often be found in cosmetics for hair and skin in small quantities, as a solvent. Also, this component is a good dispersing agent for pigments and is widely used in makeup cosmetics. In the formulations of cosmetics, its amount is limited, since an excess of glycerol can lead to the stickiness of creams, lotions and other cosmetics. Therefore, it is used in seven with other substances of similar properties, for example, sorbitol. Glycerin is widely used in cosmetics for hair, especially it is often used to care for dry, brittle and curly hair. As an effective moisture-retaining agent glycerin applied to moisturized hair, prevents their excessive drying. Hair after its application is soft and elastic. No less effective, it helps fill dry scalp with moisture. When using drugs with a high content of glycerin on oily scalp and hair prone to fat, it can exacerbate the effect of "greasy" hair. Glycerin, like many other water-retaining components, may not be controlled when used in very dry or very humid climates. In very dry weather, it can absorb moisture from skin and hair and dry them too much. While in very wet weather, it will unnecessarily moisturize the hair, leading to excessive fluffiness. For this reason, in the formulations of cosmetic preparations, glycerin is usually combined with other moisturizing and emollient substances, including oils. This helps avoid unwanted effects. Glycerin (Glycerin) in cosmetics helps to reduce the viscosity of the final product, as well as reduce the freezing temperature. This allows you to transport cosmetics even in the winter at low temperatures, without fear of freezing. This is especially true of cosmetic products with a high water content: shampoos , lotions. Read the full article

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Glycerin in hair cosmetics

Glycerin for hair is widely used due to its softening and water-holding properties. Often, it acts as a solvent for a number of substances, such as flavors. Also, this component is a good solvent for many oils and is used as an emulsifier to add oils to the formulation of cosmetics. Often it is added to the formula of cosmetics to create a thick and velvety texture. Glycerin well moisturizes and helps retain moisture in the hair, which is very useful for dry and curly hair and skin. It is very hygroscopic and in a concentrated form it can draw water from the skin to form bubbles. In diluted form, as it is used in cosmetics, glycerin for hair and skin is completely safe. When using glycerin for hair, you need to remember that as one of the water-holding substances, it is very sensitive to environmental humidity. In very dry weather, cosmetics with a high content of glycerin can cause dry hair, and in high humidity, on the contrary, it is very moisturized, which is especially bad for very curly hair. But if it is combined in composition with oils and water, then such a product will be effective regardless of the climate and time of year. Applying glycerin on the hair you need to remember that it conducts heat well, especially in comparison with silicones, proteins and polyquaterniums. Therefore, if protection against temperature is necessary, glycerin for hair is used in small quantities together with insulating and protective moisturizing components (thermal protection). Since glycerin dissolves many substances well, it is worthwhile to be cautious to people who dye their hair with seven-permanent dyes, as it can quickly wash the color from the hair. Similarly, glycerin will contribute to the fading of the color of dyed hair with permanent and demi-permanent paint. By itself, this component does not lighten the hair, however, if there was a fresh dyeing, it contributes to the leaching of color from the hair, similarly to a deep cleaning shampoo. After 48 hours after dyeing, when the color is fully entrenched on the hair, the use of glycerin will no longer affect the leaching of color. But up to this point on the use of care with glycerin should be abandoned. Often used glycerin in the composition of shampoos, where by passing the solvent properties helps to lower the freezing point of the finished product. Indeed, shampoos, like many other products for hair and skin, contain large amounts of water that freezes at 0 ° C. This temperature is often in winter in our climate and can be a problem. Since, as it freezes, the product can not only deteriorate, but break the capacity in which it is located. This would create huge problems when transporting cosmetics in the winter, but this is not the case, and modern cosmetics can withstand fairly low temperatures. This is due to glycerol and similar products that lower the freezing point and make them stable in the winter. Read the full article

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Where does glycerin come from?

Up until 1889, people didn’t know how to recover glycerine from the soap-making process, so commercially produced glycerin mostly came from the candle-making industry (remember, back then candles were made from animal fats). In 1889, a viable way to separate the glycerin out of the soap was finally implemented. Since the number one use of glycerin was to make nitroglycerin, which was used to make dynamite, making soap suddenly became a lot more profitable! I have an untested theory that you could trace the roots of most big soap-makers (and the “fall” of the small, local soap-maker) to about this time in history. The process of removing the glycerin from the soap is fairly complicated (and of course, there are a lot of variations on the theme). In the most simplest terms: you make soap out of fats and lye. The fats already contain glycerin as part of their chemical makeup (both animal and vegetable fats contain from 7% – 13% glycerine). When the fats and lye interact, soap is formed, and the glycerin is left out as a “byproduct”. But, while it’s chemically separate, it’s still blended into the soap mix. While a cold process soap-maker would simply pour into the molds at this stage, a commercial soap-maker will add salt. The salt causes the soap to curdle and float to the top. After skimming off the soap, they are left with glycerin (and lots of “impurities” like partially dissolved soap, extra salt, etc.). They then separate the glycerin out by distilling it. Finally, they de-colorize the glycerin by filtering it through charcoal, or by using some other bleaching method. Glycerin has lots of uses besides being used to make nitroglycerin (note: glycerin is not an explosive substance by itself. It has to be turned into nitroglycerin before it becomes explosive, so it’s safe to work with in your kitchen). Some uses for glycerin include: conserving preserved fruit, as a base for lotions, to prevent freezing in hydraulic jacks, to lubricate molds, in some printing inks, in cake and candy making, and (because it has an antiseptic quality) sometimes to preserve scientific specimens in jars in your high school biology lab. Glycerin is also used to make clear soaps. Highly glycerinated clear soaps contain about 15% – 20% pure glycerin. Known as “Melt and Pour” soaps, these soaps are very easy for the hobbyist to work with. They melt at about 160 degrees Fahrenheit, and solidify fairly rapidly. Because of their high glycerin content, the soaps are very moisturizing to the skin. Unfortunately, this high glycerin content also means that the soaps will dissolve more rapidly in water than soaps with less glycerin, and that if the bar of soap is left exposed to air, it will attract moisture and “glisten” with beads of ambient moisture. These downsides, however are more than compensated by the emollient, skin loving and gentle nature of this soap which is especially good for tender skin and children. (1) The pure chemical product is called Glycerol (which shows that it is an alcohol), while the impure commercial product is called Glycerin. This is a technical complexity, so for this article, I’m sticking to the more familiar term, Glycerin. Read the full article

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Purification of sweet water

Because of the different process of splitting decomposition, the concentration and impurities of glycerol in sweet water differ greatly with catalysts hydrolyzed at low temperature and atmospheric pressure, medium temperature and pressure, and without catalysts hydrolyzed at medium pressure and high pressure, so the purification methods are also different. The following two parts are introduced: Purification of Sweet Water without Catalyst The quality of sweet water without splitting decomposition of oil depends on the quality of the oil. After degumming and alkali refining, there are few impurities in the sweet water after pyrolysis, and the concentration of glycerol is between 10% and 25%. The purification method is also simple.

Purification operation method: Now the sweet water is heated to about 70 degrees Celsius, static settlement as far as possible, the upper layer of fat is skimmed out. If the sweet water is opaque (especially in medium temperature and medium pressure hydrolysis operation, when the hydrolysis depth is low, or when the high pressure hydrolysis interface is controlled low), it shows that there are more incomplete hydrolysis of fat mixed, inorganic acid or salt can be added a little to destroy its emulsification. Separation of fat. Otherwise, the effect of sweet water treatment is not good, which not only affects the evaporation of purified water, but also makes the filtration difficult. At 60-70℃, Na2CO3 solution was added to the compressed air, and the PH value was controlled at about 9. CaCO3 precipitation was formed and precipitated. The purified water was purified after filtration. When refined glycerol is not produced by distillation, the second clean water can be decolorized by activated carbon adsorption, and then purified by ion exchange resin to obtain pure purified sweet water. The refined glycerol with more than 98% glycerol content can be obtained by direct evaporation and concentration of purified sweet water treated by ion exchange resin. Compared with distilled glycerol, refined glycerol without distillation has poor thermal stability and colour, but the recovery of glycerol is greatly improved. It is necessary to study carefully whether the low quality sweet water with more impurities is treated with ion exchange resin. Protein and other impurities in sweet water are easy to ferment and deteriorate. They are not suitable for long-term storage. Sweet water should be purified and treated in time. In order to reduce glycerol loss, the sweet water container can be cleaned regularly. Aluminum salts have a good effect on fatty acid treatment, and the adsorptive effect of the formed fatty acid aluminium salts is also good. Aluminum salts are mostly used abroad to treat fatty substances in sweet water, and quicklime is mostly used in China. If conditions permit, aluminium salts are also worth considering. Read the full article

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Where does glycerin come from?

Up until 1889, people didn’t know how to recover glycerine from the soap-making process, so commercially produced glycerin mostly came from the candle-making industry (remember, back then candles were made from animal fats). In 1889, a viable way to separate the glycerin out of the soap was finally implemented. Since the number one use of glycerin was to make nitroglycerin, which was used to make dynamite, making soap suddenly became a lot more profitable! I have an untested theory that you could trace the roots of most big soap-makers (and the “fall” of the small, local soap-maker) to about this time in history. The process of removing the glycerin from the soap is fairly complicated (and of course, there are a lot of variations on the theme). In the most simplest terms: you make soap out of fats and lye. The fats already contain glycerin as part of their chemical makeup (both animal and vegetable fats contain from 7% – 13% glycerine). When the fats and lye interact, soap is formed, and the glycerin is left out as a “byproduct”. But, while it’s chemically separate, it’s still blended into the soap mix. While a cold process soap-maker would simply pour into the molds at this stage, a commercial soap-maker will add salt. The salt causes the soap to curdle and float to the top. After skimming off the soap, they are left with glycerin (and lots of “impurities” like partially dissolved soap, extra salt, etc.). They then separate the glycerin out by distilling it. Finally, they de-colorize the glycerin by filtering it through charcoal, or by using some other bleaching method. Glycerin has lots of uses besides being used to make nitroglycerin (note: glycerin is not an explosive substance by itself. It has to be turned into nitroglycerin before it becomes explosive, so it’s safe to work with in your kitchen). Some uses for glycerin include: conserving preserved fruit, as a base for lotions, to prevent freezing in hydraulic jacks, to lubricate molds, in some printing inks, in cake and candy making, and (because it has an antiseptic quality) sometimes to preserve scientific specimens in jars in your high school biology lab. Glycerin is also used to make clear soaps. Highly glycerinated clear soaps contain about 15% – 20% pure glycerin. Known as “Melt and Pour” soaps, these soaps are very easy for the hobbyist to work with. They melt at about 160 degrees Fahrenheit, and solidify fairly rapidly. Because of their high glycerin content, the soaps are very moisturizing to the skin. Unfortunately, this high glycerin content also means that the soaps will dissolve more rapidly in water than soaps with less glycerin, and that if the bar of soap is left exposed to air, it will attract moisture and “glisten” with beads of ambient moisture. These downsides, however are more than compensated by the emollient, skin loving and gentle nature of this soap which is especially good for tender skin and children. (1) The pure chemical product is called Glycerol (which shows that it is an alcohol), while the impure commercial product is called Glycerin. This is a technical complexity, so for this article, I’m sticking to the more familiar term, Glycerin. Read the full article

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Metabolism of Glycerin

Metabolism of Glycerin 1.The absorption of glycerin Glycerin is easily absorbed by human or animal stomach and intestinal mucosa. Animal slices of the small intestine of mice showed that 82% of them were absorbed after 25 minutes if 0.1 mg of glycerol was given. In the same experiment, like gastric slices, the absorption rate of glycerol is slower than that of the small intestine.Experiment on slicing of hamster intestine, the absorption rate of glycerol was 25% of glucose. Experiments on human body: Oral glycerin 5g, when 15min, the highest concentration of glycerol in serum. For adults, it is 0.46-1.85mg/dL with a turnover speed of 550g/h. From the animal experiment of labeling glycerin with 14c, the glycerin in blood decreased rapidly after 4H of intravenous injection. In addition, the absorbed glycerin is distributed in the brain and liver. Kidney and other body parts. Glycerin is hardly absorbed by the skin. 2.Glycerin Excretion 14% of glycerin is consumed by rabbits and rats. After 48H, the tendency of glycerol was observed: 65% of glycerol was converted to carbon dioxide and excreted by absorption, 8.4% of glycerol was excreted in urine and the rest was excreted in feces. For the human body, if a large amount of glycerol is taken, it will not metabolize and excret directly in the urine. When taking 8.9-17.8G, there is no urinary excretion. When taking 20G, there are traces of excretion. When taking 26G, 0.5-0.1G was detected and 200G was excreted in total 200G. The excretion of urine increased by 40%-50% compared with that of oral administration. 3.Glycerol Metabolism Glycerol absorbed in the body is first converted to glycerol -3- phospholipid by the action of glycerol activating enzyme. Glycerol induced enzymes are distributed in liver, kidney, heart or mammary gland. Glycerol -3- phospholipid is the intermediate product of sugar metabolism. Glycerol-3-phospholipid has the same metabolic effect as sugar. It is decomposed into water and carbon dioxide through TCA cycle, or vice versa to produce glucose and glycogen for new glucose metabolism. It has been reported that 75% of glycerol in serum changes to glucose. The metabolism of glycerin in the body becomes the source of energy supply, and the heat generated is 4.32Kcal/g (2) glycerol -3- phosphoric acid was converted to monoglyceride, Diglycerin, three glyceride and phospholipid. (3)After transporting glycerol-3-phosphate from cytoplasm to glandular granules, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenated to dihydroxyketone phosphate due to the action of enzymes, FADH was produced at this time, but FADH was utilized as an electron donor of oxidative phosphorylation in glandular granules, which is a well-studied and proven way. Glycerol in the body can increase insulin, but unlike hexose such as glucose, the effect of insulin is not affected. In addition, glycerol has the effect of preventing ketone formation and preventing the production of acetic acid and other ketone bodies. In addition, the role of glycogen amino acids in the production of new sugars is also prevented. Read the full article

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Research progress of glycerol production methods

Glycerol, also known as glycerol, molecular formula C3H5 (OH) 3, is a viscous liquid with sweet taste, so it is called glycerol; it can be mixed with water at any ratio, has strong hygroscopicity, and is an important basic organic raw material. In 1779, Swedish chemist Scheele accidentally obtained glycerol from the reaction of olive oil with lead monoxide, which was the first drink to know the existence of glycerol. At first, glycerol was used only as a skin moisturizer. By 1846, Sobrero reacted glycerol with nitric acid to produce nitroglycerin. Twenty years later, Nobel made nitroglycerin and diatomite into safe explosives, which made nitroglycerin successfully used in the production of Dana explosive. Now, glycerol has been widely used in medicine, cosmetics, alkyd resin, tobacco, food, beverage, polyurethane, celluloid, explosives, textile printing and dyeing, etc. There are about 1700 applications. Due to the increasing consumption of non-renewable energy such as petroleum, it is the duty of chemical workers to find clean renewable energy. Glycerol, which originates from nature, is non-toxic and harmless, and is an ideal chemical raw material. Therefore, how to develop glycerol well and find its new use has become a research hot spot. This paper reviews the production methods of glycerol, hoping to be helpful to chemical workers who are devoting themselves to developing new uses of glycerol. Glycerol is widely found in nature in the form of glycerides. Therefore, for a long time, most glycerol is obtained as a by-product in the process of soap production from saponification of oil and fatty acid production from hydrolysis of oil. It was not until 1858 that glycerol could be made from fermentation. During World War I, Germany was the first to create glycerol from sugar beet due to glycerol deficiency. Since 1948, the method of synthesizing glycerol from propylene has been applied in industry. The output has been increasing year by year, and the development trend is fast. At present, according to the source of glycerol, the industrial production methods of glycerol can be divided into three categories: natural glycerol production, fermented glycerol production and synthetic glycerol production. The raw materials of the first 2 methods are renewable. Read the full article

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Types of Edible Glycerin

Glycerin Absorption and Metabolism

Glycerin is chemically classified as a sugar alcohol, but it is more similar to sugars: it is readily absorbed and is probably converted into glucose in the human body and it provides 4.3 kilocalories of energy per gram . Glycerin is not one of the FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols), because it is well absorbed in the small intestine and does not pass to the large intestine where it would be fermented by intestinal bacteria. Glycerin is often mentioned as a sweetener with a low glycemic index, but there are no reliable sources to confirm this.

Types of Edible Glycerin

Vegetable glycerin is made from vegetable oils (palm oil, palm stearin, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, soybean oil) during production of soap or biodiesel. Animal glycerin is a natural byproduct of animal fats (such as beef tallow) during production of soap. Synthetic glycerin is produced from cane or corn syrup sugar, or propylene (a petroleum derivative).

Glycerin as a Food Additive

Food-grade glycerin may be added as a humectant (wetting agent), thickener, solvent or sweetener to dairy products (cream), canned goods, confections, fondant, processed fruits, jams, energy bars and other foods. The source of glycerin (animal or vegetable oil, corn syrup, petroleum) used in a food product is usually not revealed on the food labels.

Other Glycerin Uses

An emulsifier in pills, syrups, toothpastes, mouth washes, fluoride gels, tobacco, etc. Anhydrous glycerin is used in fluoride gels, and is approved as an over-the-counter (OTC) anti-caries drug by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . A lubricant, enema or laxative, as a suppository is used to treat constipation. Oral glycerin, as a drug, is used to lower high pressure within the eye (glaucoma). Intravenous glycerin can be used to treat brain swelling (cerebral edema) . Glycerin may be used as a skin or hair moisturizer. Read the full article

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Benefits and Uses of Vegetable Glycerin

Glycerin is a sugar alcohol compound that is a clear liquid without any odour. It is non-toxic and has a sweet taste. It has several benefits for the skin. So, keep reading to find out the different skin benefits of glycerin. It has a gel-like texture, which makes it versatile to be used on all skin types. It helps the skin retain its moisture, which is why a lot of skincare products have this as an ingredient. You must have seen many soaps and lotions that have glycerin in them. That is why, we will tell you about the amazing benefits of using glycerin for your skin. Instead of using all the products containing glycerin why not use it in its natural form, right? So, here are all the ways you can use glycerin for your skin care! 1. Cleanser: For this, you will need some glycerin and some citric acid, so you can use either lemon juice or orange juice. Mix it together till it gets to a kind of white, milky texture.

2. Moisturiser: Glycerin works as an amazing moisturiser. Apply it directly on your skin every night, as a night moisturiser, to wake up to hydrated, soft and supple skin.

3. Toner: Mix equal parts of glycerin with rose water in a spray bottle to make the most amazing hydrating toner. Spray this at any time during the day to feel refreshed or when your skin starts to feel dry.

4. Primer: Glycerin can hydrate the skin without leaving any greasy film behind. This is why it can make a perfect base for your makeup. This is one of the best benefits of using glycerin for skin care.

5. Nail Cream: Do you have brittle nails with cuticles that keep showing up because of how dry they are? Then, just use glycerin on your nails to push back the cuticles to where they belong and to make your nails shiny.

6. For Anti-ageing: Mix vitamin E oil from the vitamin E capsules with glycerin to make a perfect serum for dry, ageing skin. Dryness is one of the main reasons for early ageing signs to appear. Ageing skin stops producing as much moisture as younger skin.

7. To Control Oiliness: Mix glycerin with multani mitti to make a face pack that would help get rid of the excessive oil on the face without it being too drying on the face. This is the best way to use glycerin for skin care. Read the full article

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Are glycerine and rose water good for the skin?

 The combination glycerin & rose water can actually be extremely beneficial to the skin! Glycerin is derived from natural fats and oils. It is extremely hygroscopic and has the ability to absorb water. Its use in cosmetics is very common as it hydrates and moisturises the skin of the face, hair and body. It is widely used in soap making as a percentage ratio of 15 to 20% or in creams and lotions. Typical feature about the handmade soaps is that because they contain more glycerin, they are highly softening, especially in combination with vegetable oils such as rose, olive, palm, etc. Used in hand creams, it protects the skin of the hands from cracking and wounds. It also strengthens the skin's protective barrier, thus protecting it from adverse weather and air pollution.

Glycerin stimulates the removal of dead skin. After prolonged use of glycerin-containing products, the skin becomes smoother and if you have freckles, they will become lighter. It also accelerates the healing of the epidermis during injury or skin diseases that are associated with over-keratinization, for example psoriasis. Rose water has many benefits that you can take advantage of in a variety of ways to improve your skin and overall wellbeing. No matter what your skin type, this 'miracle of nature' will help you look beautiful and radiant! Rose water becomes an essential part of the world of beauty.

It contains vitamins like A and C and has anti-inflammatory properties for natural treatment at home. Rose water can help each skin type, help to soothe sensitive and irritated skin, balance and clean oily skin, rejuvenate, soften, toned, revitalizing and adds beautiful shine to normal skin. Rose water contains antioxidants and various vitamins that will help to prevent signs of aging and will also feed the skin. Rose water has natural antiseptic and antibacterial properties. You can use rose water to prevent or reduce the puffiness below the eyes. Put a bottle full of rose water in the refrigerator for about half an hour and then apply a few drops on a cotton pad. Carefully place it on your eyes. This procedure will help calm the delicate skin around the eyes, while reducing the puffiness under the eyes Refresh your face by spraying rose water on your skin. The procedure is very refreshing, especially in the summer. Just spray, several times a day (or you can apply it with a cotton pad). This procedure will instantly refresh the skin, moisturize and nourish it, adding a splendid glow and radiance. You will immediately feel the cooling and moisturizing effect. Use rose water to soften and nourish dry skin. Ladies with dry skin can experience the incredible benefits of rose water. You will immediately notice the soothing and softening effect on the skin after applying some rose water on your skin. Rose water is a natural way to easy remove makeup. All you have to do is apply the rose water on a cotton pad and gently remove the makeup with massage movements. Rose water also cleans the dust and dirt, it reduces the redness and inflammation of the eyes. Regular use of rose water can help prevent wrinkles (slows the aging process), shrinks the pores and adds a wonderful shine to the skin. Use rose water to prevent skin irritation. After shaving the skin it can become quite irritable. That is why it is highly recommended to apply rose water to soothe it. Not only can it help your skin become softer and nourished, but also, the rose water will leave its amazing and wonderful scent. Read the full article

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Difference Between Triglycerides & Phospholipids

The bodies of all living things have cells. However, cells cannot function properly without the presence of certain substances, such as lipids. Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include animal fats, vegetable fats, certain vitamins, triglycerides and phospholipids. At first glance, triglycerides and phospholipids appear very similar. But they have slightly different chemical structures and serve differing functions. TL;DR (Too Long; Didn't Read) Triglycerides and phospholipids are both lipids that serve certain functions in the body. However, they differ slightly in structure and function. Triglycerides have glycerol and three fatty acids, which makes them fats. Phospholipids are not fats, since they have glycerol, two fatty acids and phosphorus. Phospholipids are more essential to the formation of lipid bilayers, which maintain cell membrane structure, than triglycerides are. Fat cells store triglycerides, while phospholipids help break down fats in the body.

Structure and Functions of Triglycerides

Triglycerides are a kind of fat found in the bodies of both plants and animals. In plants, triglycerides appear in oils such as peanut oil, while in animals triglycerides live in fat cells. In both plants and animals, triglycerides share the same structure. A single triglyceride molecule has glycerol and three fatty acids. Triglycerides serve several functions in the body. First, they help maintain the structure of cell membranes by forming a lipid bilayer. This helps keep the inside and outside of cells separate, so organelles cannot drift out of the cell, and foreign substances cannot get in, except under special circumstances. Read the full article

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Production method of glycerol

Natural glycerol Before 1984, glycerol was recovered from by-products of soap making from animal fat or vegetable oil.Until now, natural oils and fats are still the main raw materials for the glycerol production. About 42% natural glycerol is produced from the by-product of soap making and 58% by fatty acid production.Saponification of oils and fats in soap making industry，the product of saponification reaction is divided into two layers: the upper layer mainly contains salt (soap) and a small amount of glycerol, the lower layer is waste lye, a dilute glycerol solution containing salt, sodium hydroxide, generally containing 9-16% glycerol, inorganic salt 8-20%.In recent years, the continuous high pressure hydrolysis method has been widely used, the reaction does not use catalyst, the purification method is simpler than the waste alkali solution.The glycerol content in the waste liquor of soap making or the glycerol water obtained by hydrolysis of oil and fat is not high, and it contains various impurities. The production process of natural glycerol includes purification, concentration to crude glycerol, and distillation, decolorization and deodorization of crude glycerol. Synthetic glycerol Many ways to synthesize glycerol from propylene can be classified into two main categories, chlorination and oxidation. Acrylonitrile and propylene oxidation are still used in industry. Industrial grade glycerin Industrial grade glycerol is diluted with 1/2 star distilled water, stirred sufficiently, activated carbon is added, and heated to 60~70 ℃for decolorization.Then vacuum filtration is used to ensure that the filtrate is clear and transparent.The filtrate was added to the pre-treated 732 strong acid positive resin and 717 strong alkali negative and negative resin column to remove electrolytes and impurities in glycerol by controlling the dropping acceleration.After removing impurities, the glycerol solution is distilled by vacuum distillation, and the vacuum degree is more than 93326Pa. The temperature of the kettle is between 106 and 108 ℃. After evaporating most of the water, the kettle temperature is raised to 120 ℃ for rapid dehydration. When the kettle is not in water, it stops heating. The materials in the kettle are finished products, and are used as automobile and aircraft fuel and antifreeze in oil field. Read the full article

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How to Make A Clear and Natural Glycerin Soap Base

By now most all of you know I’m a soap maker. I have a small business that makes more than 400 bars a month and it’s still growing. I sell a lot of soap at the tailgate markets in the summer and I always have people asking for glycerin soap. It’s still a common myth that glycerin soap is milder and better for you. That can be true in some cases, but a good hand-crafted cold process bar of soap contains just about as much glycerin. How Glycerin is Made Glycerin is a by-product of soap making. It can come from other sources, but soap making is by far the most common source. When you combine lye and water with oils, it saponifies and becomes soap. Actually, what you get is ⅔ soap and ⅓ glycerin. The glycerin is then usually taken out and sold to other companies such as fertilizer and explosives manufacturers. If you refine the solid soap, add sugar and alcohol, and skim off the impurities, you get glycerin soap. Here’s the actual process: How to Make Your Own Glycerin Soap Base This is a basic recipe for making clear glycerin soap base. It takes a bit of practice to get it clear. My first batch turned out cloudy and I think it was because the soap base I made wasn’t dissolved enough. Take your time and be patient! Ingredients 14 oz vegetable oil, lard, tallow, or other oil 5.5 oz coconut oil 8 oz castor oil .75 oz safflower or sunflower oil 4 oz lye, also called 100% sodium hydroxide 5 oz filtered or distilled water Directions Cover work surface with newspaper. Always use gloves and safety goggles when handling lye. Have vinegar on hand in case lye spills or splashes occur. Measure water into a heat proof container. Measure lye and slowly add to water, stirring until dissolved. (Never add water to lye.) Allow lye water to cool to 150°F. Mix all of the oils together and heat to 135°F – it’s easiest to use a slow cooker for this. Add the lye water to the oils in a slow steady stream. Bring the mixture to a trace, or when it looks like vanilla pudding. An immersion blender works best for this. Keep the heat at medium for a few hours, much like making crock pot soap. When it reaches the gel phase, it will look translucent like petroleum jelly. Stir once in a while, but not all the time. If it gets too thick, you can use a potato masher. I have a stainless steel one I use just for this. After a few hours, take a bit of the soap and try to dissolve it in a cup of hot water. If it dissolves, you can move on. If it stays in a lump or has oil floating on the top, you need to “cook” it more. Leave it for half an hour and try again. If it’s ready, then add: 13 oz alcohol – 70% or higher (NOT rubbing alcohol) 3 oz liquid glycerin Be very careful as alcohol has a low flash point and can start on fire. This is why I prefer the crock pot to the stove for heating. You may need to mash the soap up some. Do a bit at first, then do more in a little while. If you mash too much at once, you may get a lot of suds. This process can take a few hours, so be patient. When the soap is all dissolved, there will probably be a few particles floating on top. These are impurities and must be removed. Skim them off and throw them away, or you can place them in a jar, cover with hot water, and use for dish soap. When the soap is fully dissolved combine 8 oz sugar and 5 oz water and boil until the sugar is completely dissolved. Do not leave any crystals undissolved. When it is totally liquid, pour into the soap base. Stir and cover, then cool to 145°F. Now you can pour it into a mold. I use a glass cake pan. Cover with plastic wrap and let sit for a week or so. When it is clear (it may take a week or two) then cut it into pieces and store in a glass jar. Using Your Glycerin Soap Base Clear glycerin soap base is fun to work with. All of the lye and oils have been worked out, leaving you with a very moldable base. It can be made into a wide array of shapes and colors. Prepare your molds. Set them on a flat surface and get your fragrances and colors ready. Figure out how much soap base you need. An average bar of soap is 4 ounces. Many molds tell you how many ounces the mold will hold. Use a bit more as some will remain on the melting container and spoon. Place as much soap base as you need into a heat proof container to melt it. I use a pint jar. Place the jar in a pan of hot water to melt, stirring with a spoon occasionally. When it is all melted, take the jar out of the water and place on a cloth. Add a few drops of food coloring if desired. Stir well. Add more if needed. Then add your essential or fragrance oil, a few drops at a time. A 4-ounce bar should have about 10 drops of scent, give or take a few drops. Add any dried herbs you may desire, about a teaspoon for a 4-ounce bar. When you have the desired amounts of additions to your soap, pour into the molds. If the base cools too much and gets chunky or stiff, just remelt it and stir. Let the molds sit until the soap is completely cooled. Larger molds will take longer. When cool, gently pull the mold away from the soap and push on the back side of the mold to release. Wrap soap in plastic wrap or wax paper. You must wrap it right away or it may collect moisture from the air and bead “sweat” on the surface. While this is a sign of good soap, most people don’t like the look of it and it is hard to use. Clean up is easy. (After all, it’s soap you’re cleaning off your supplies.) Just soak the molds in hot water, rinse and dry well. A Few More Notes 70% alcohol may be hard to find. Don’t use rubbing alcohol, you will never get rid of the smell! I use a 75% Everclear which is available in most areas. If not, ask at your local liquor store. They can recommend what may work. Keep it clear and unscented. Alcohol can catch fire easy, so be cautious! Silicone molds work well as they peel off the soap easy. These instructions are for clear soap. Add some titanium dioxide or zinc oxide powder to get a white soap that will produce pastels when colored. Keep herbs ground well and always use dried herbs. White sugar produces the best results. Raw sugar can be used but your soap will be more amber colored. Read the full article

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Product Spotlight: Vegetable Glycerine 99.7%

Vegetable glycerine 99.7% is produced primarily from soy, palm, or coconut oil, although other oils may also be used in its manufacture. Glycerine is odorless, colorless, viscous (thick), and has a sweet taste. Purer forms of glycerine – above 99% - are the standard for use in foods, pharmaceutical products, and cosmetics. Cosmetics: Glycerine is a humectant, attracting water to the skin. This makes it ideal for use in lotions, shampoos, and conditioners. Foods: Because it is metabolized differently than table sugar, glycerine can replace sugar in low carbohydrate foods, keeping the amount of sweet taste the same. Glycerol contains seven more kilocalories per teaspoon compared to table sugar and is 60% as sweet as sucrose. When added to products such as icing, it increases spreadability without setting into a hard, tough shell. Personal care: When added to toothpaste and mouthwash, glycerine sweetens the taste but is not a food source for the bacteria that form plaques and cause tooth decay. Glycerine soaps draw moisture to the skin’s surface and prevent that moisture from escaping into the surrounding atmosphere as evaporation. For consumers with extra dry or sensitive skin, glycerine soap is the perfect alternative for skin care. Herbal and botanical tinctures: Glycerine can replace the alcoholic content in herbal and botanical tinctures to give products more body and none of the alcohol odor. For those who wish for alcohol-free herbal and botanical products, glycerine is ideal. Pharmaceuticals: Humectants boost the solubility of active ingredients, so glycerine delivers products more effectively as either a topical application, where the medicine is absorbed into the skin more rapidly, or in capsule form, where glycerine is considered a tablet-holding agent. Cough syrups and elixirs have improved smoothness with glycerine. Glycerine is a multi-use product utilized in several different food and beverage industries. Because it can be used as a humectant, solvent, preservative, filler and thickening agent, and sweetener, glycerine serves several roles in one easy to use product. Read the full article

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Glycerin 99.5% Vegetable USP

Glycerin is a oil-based liquid traditionally produced from palm, soy, or coconut oil. Food applications demand a USP grade of 99% or higher, which is exceeded with this product. While vegetable glycerin is clear and odorless, USP-grade glycerin has a sweet flavor. Read below for uses of vegetable USP-grade glycerin 99.5%. The sweet taste of vegetable glycerin gives it applications as a sweetener in low carbohydrate foods, and, unlike common table sugar, glycerin will not cause tooth decay. Many foods contain vegetable glycerin as a filler or thickening agent, especially in low-fat foods. Without fat, foods often lose flavor and texture, both of which can be rectified with the addition of vegetable glycerin. Cake icing often contains vegetable glycerin to prevent it from becoming too hard after it is spread. Shaving cream, soap, and shampoo contain vegetable glycerin as a humectant (moisturizer) to increase the solubility of other ingredients, thereby making products easier for the skin to absorb. Many lotion manufacturers appreciate vegetable glycerin’s ability to draw moisture from deep skin tissues to the surface and to keep the skin from drying excessively. It is often marketed toward individuals with sensitive or easily-irritated skin. Toothpaste and mouthwash contain vegetable glycerin since it improves the taste without causing tooth decay. The increase of solubility has led the pharmaceutical industry to utilize vegetable glycerin in allergen immunotherapy, cough syrup, elixirs, and expectorants. Medicine in the form of tablets may contain vegetable glycerol as a tablet-holding agent. In herbal extracts, vegetable glycerin is often used in lieu of ethanol in products touted as alcohol-free. With its many uses, vegetable glycerin 99.5% USP is a fantastic product from your pharmaceutical, food grade, and nutritional chemical. Read the full article

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What are the ways to get glycerin?

Glycerin is a trihydroxy sugar alcohol found in the natural fats of vegetables and animals. Physically, it’s a clear, transparent liquid with a high viscosity and a sweet taste. It’s highly soluble in both water and alcohol, and is also a great solvent for other materials, which makes it useful for the preparation of tinctures and foods.   The pure form of glycerin is also known as glycerol. When applied topically, pure glycerin can actually dehydrate the deeper layers of the skin by pulling up moisture from your dermis. This reaction is caused by the hygroscopic properties of glycerin, which allow it to absorb moisture from other sources. In order to utilize its moisturizing benefits without any drawbacks, glycerin is often combined with other ingredients instead of being used in pure form.   Aside from its moisturizing properties, glycerin is also believed to be helpful in alleviating additional health problems, including skin irritations and constipation. It’s also a valuable ingredient in numerous pharmaceutical and food preparations, since it can be used as an emulsifier, sweetener and levigating agent.   Glycerin Can Be Obtained From Different Sources. It is usually derived from natural sources, such as:   Animal fats — Glycerin can be obtained by mixing animals fats with lye. This process breaks down the triglyceride molecule, which contains the fatty acid chains and glycerol. It’s a procedure that’s commonly used when making soaps and candles, which is why glycerin is known as the byproduct of these materials.   Vegetables — If you’re looking for an alternative to animal-based glycerin, you may opt to purchase one that’s made of vegetable fats, such as those that come from palm oil or coconut oil. The process of extracting glycerol from vegetable fat is relatively similar to the process done in animal fats.   Keep in mind, though, that there’s also a synthetic form of glycerin, which is a byproduct of petroleum. If you’re planning to buy glycerin, make sure that you get it from a trusted brand that uses all-natural materials.   Here Are the Valuable Uses of Glycerin for Your Health: There is no doubt that glycerin is one of the most useful naturally occurring compounds. Its ability to help lock in moisture in the skin remains one of its most desirable benefits, which is why it’s commonly used in soaps, toothpastes, lotions, creams and other skincare products.   When used in the right climate, glycerin may also help improve dry hair by drawing in moisture from the air into your hair. Aside from these, glycerin may be used for medicinal applications, including:   Minor skin irritations — Glycerin may help relieve minor skin problems, such as diaper rash, itching and skin burns, with its anti-irritant and anti-inflammatory properties.   Excessive intracranial pressure — Some physicians administer glycerol intravenously to help reduce intracranial pressure, which may be caused by conditions like stroke, meningitis and encephalitis, among others.   Constipation — Glycerin may help relieve occasional constipation, since it draws water into the colon and rectum when used as a suppository.   Dehydration — Glycerin may help the body rehydrate during bouts of diarrhea and vomiting.   Eye pressure — According to the British Journal of Ophthalmology, oral glycerin supplements may help reduce excessive eye pressure caused by eye disorders such as glaucoma.   In addition to the uses mentioned above, some people also take an animal or vegetable-derived glycerin supplement to aid weight loss and improve athletic performance. However, further research is still needed to confirm whether glycerin can really deliver these benefits.   A Few Important Things to Keep in Mind When Buying Glycerin: Glycerin is an ingredient that’s often derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), such as soybeans, canola and cottonseed. Buying glycerin that’s manufactured from these GMO crops not only contributes to environmental destruction, but also supports the large biotech companies that supply the population with unhealthy and hazardous food products.   With that in mind, make sure that you buy glycerin from certified non-GMO sources. You may also opt to make your own glycerin to guarantee that it’s completely organic. You can use plants that contain healthy fats, such as coconut oil, palm oil or olive oil.32,33 Read the full article