grad505brendanbekker

[grad505brendanbekker]

Week 12

During week 12 class, we learnt how to use Turnitin with our work submission, talked about the requirements for the final essay submission and continued to work on our own work. My goals for this class were to finish the body paragraphs, which I almost did. We did a 20-minute workload and 5 minute rests and I found this very helpful to keep focused during the class and I was pleased with the amount of work that was done.

[grad505brendanbekker]

Week 11

In class we talked about our subjects, and dove into what we are going to write in our paragraphs. We had to go stand in front of the class and explain this which was quite a scary experience personally as I’m not the best public speaker, but it was nice to feel like we are all collaborating with each other and working all as a team, even when we are all doing our own subjects for our essays.

 Also I got my question for my essay, paragraph ideas in order and I started to write my essay.

I started to write the beginning of my introduction as well.

Question: How did visual communication of protest poster design influence the fall of apartheid in South Africa during the 1980s 

Introduction: talk about what is the apartheid is and what we are going to talk about in the essay.

Paragraph 1 – protest poster and how did this poster influence people analysis 

Paragraph 2- Protest poster analysis 

Paragraph 3- why were the protest posters the most efficient way to communicate with people to protest it   

 Conclusion - wrapping it all up 

[grad505brendanbekker]

Week 10 Lecture notes

·         Bauhaus – post on blog about lecture 

·         Founded by Walter Gropius in Weimer 1919 

·         He fought in the war and wanted to change the world for the better  

·         It was influenced by Willliam morrs’  

·         Bauhaus + build + house  

·         There is no essential difference between the artist and artisan  

·         He wanted to create a new guild of crafts man free devise class pretensions - 

·         Only existed for 14 years 

·         Bauhas has walter grouis honnes meyer and mules ven der roge throughout its glory 

·         Nazi party kicked them out of the Bauhaus guys out and took over, they the b house from 1933-1943 

·         Incredibly progressive school at the time 

·         Encouraged the students to work hard and create 

·         They had wild theatrical parties and performances 

·         Playing with gender identity, woman cut their hair shorter and dressed androgynously 

·         Started with the pleliminary course (6 months long) to de learn and re learn. Forget the rules learnt at traditional academics  

·         Then progress to workshop (3 years) 

·         Preliminary course was to learn the new revolutionary teaching model in 1919, de learn and re learn, designed to put all students at the same level  

·         They believed in the relationship between sound + color + movement 

·          Johannes itten Very spiritual teaching a bit too much in 1923 

·         Over the years they had some good teachers, with all there different learning styles throughout the years  

·         Lazlo moholy nagy created a kinetic sculpture and used that as inspiration to create something else 

·         Telephone painting in 1923 by ^^ produced the painting in an enamel factory in Weimar from his coordinates  

·         Bauhaus created the universal language of form + colour, the importance of composition 

·         > visual grammar/ formal language of abstraction  

·         5% of students were woman In the Bauhaus and woman werent treated the same due to beleifs 

·         Gropius beleifs were that womans minds were created differenty 

·         Marianne brandt was treated horribly to see if she would give up and ended up never giving up, and becoming one of the most successful despite the horrors they put on her 

·         Herbery bayer + universal bayer created a type face to mimic machines 

·         Created a typeface that is very modern 

·         They believed that its more ledgable to use a lower case and easier to write 

·         Bauhaus believed good design should be accessable and afforable for all to improves people's lifestyle 

·         Hope they could sell work for funds for the bauhaus and students to receive the money aswell. 

 Application to practice  

·         Be playful + experimental 

·         Back to basics – visual grammar/lanuage form + colour + line 

·         Good design should have a good impact on life 

·         Respect resources to reduce waste 

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 9 SDL

For this week’s homework, we had to find some books relating to our topic for our essay. I got myself two books from the library, the first book I got was called Posters, written by George F.Horn. This book is about the designing, making, and reproducing of poster design. I found this book very interesting as it teaches you some of the main ingredients needed for a good poster designs. Some things I could quote from this book, and use it in my work is ‘it must spark the reader to take the desired action through a brief message packed with punch or veiled in subtlety. If it does not do thus, it has failed the mission.’’ It taught me about formal and informal balance to a poster. Another thing I can quote from this book for my essay is ‘’different degrees of contrast in various colour combinations: the way color is used to reflect the theme of design’’ I think this is quite interesting as It explains how colour is used to display a theme of a poster, so different colours is another way the designer of the poster/image is trying to explain an emotion.

 I found this book called history after apartheid, writing by Annie E. Coombes. This book talks about after apartheid, and how things have changed and effected the society and living in south Africa. This book would be very good for my essay as it brings the history into the matter, which can back up my points I make in my essay.  In chapter 1, they talk about how one part of the crowed is shoring up the monument of one of the national monuments with the apartheid regime, and how the other perspective is that they are pulling it down. I found this interesting as it shows the two sides fighting for what they think is right. Which proves the differences that caused the chaos in this country.

[grad505brendanbekker]

Week 8 SDL

For this weeks homework, im expanding on my research for my formative assessment, and finding more resources that could help me figure out my question, key points to my body paragraph and to start a good structure for my essay.

 https://www.proquest.com/openview/1aef0640006b0ad88268c713dfba90fa/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=27205

This resource I found is quite interesting as it talks about the ways they used this campaign to help suppress the apartheid. It talks about the archive of the anti apartheid campaign movement. I found this interesting and that it could be useful for my own essay as this documentation is showing the different design processes they used and how they used these processes to there advantage to create a campaign that can overcome this racially segregated country that is very difficult to speak about what needs to change.

 https://www.saha.org.za/imagesofdefinace/making_posters_in_south_africa_shattering_the_silence.htm#:~:text=The%20emerging%20grassroots%20community%20structures,their%20right%20to%20be%20heard

This website I have found is probably a key factor that could play in my essay. This resource has so much information about poster design and how it was used in south Africa, with some history of poster design in south Africa included.

 https://www.saha.org.za/imagesofdefinace/gallery.htm

This is another page of the website above; this is a galley of old archived posters and design from protests and propaganda from south Africa. This will be very useful for my work if I decide to go down the path of poster design or and type of protest design.

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 8 SDL

This weeks SDL was to find the main point and find the points or counter arguments to argue the point.

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 7 SDL

During our semester holiday I interviewed my dad with a few questions on the apartheid in south Africa, and what it was like to live through such a controversial and horrific time. I found his answers quite intriguing and interesting.

​ How it relates to your topic?​

This relates to my topic because my topic is during the same years my dad lived through in south Africa, this will really help me get a good understanding of how it was first hand to live through this time in south Africa, and It gives me a perspective on how it really was from someone’s eyes who have lived through it

What have you found out about your era or period from your choice?

I learnt quite a lot from these answers. It’s horrible to think how little things such as bathrooms, and public transport was separate. Another bizarre thing to have learnt Black people had to carry a passbook. These little, small things that they had to do I find are little ways to really make people feel like they aren’t treated correctly.

  What were some of the rules with apartheid?

·         There were designated areas where only white people could live. Non-white people could work in those areas but had to leave before a certain time

·         Black people had to carry a passbook

·         Black and white could not marry, in fact it was illegal for white people to have extramarital sex with any other race

·         Separate public bathrooms, busses, and trains for white and non-white people

·         Only white people could vote

·         Separate schools and hospitals for white people only

·         It was illegal to oppose apartheid, or to join organizations that was against apartheid

·         All white males had to do military service or join the police or navy or air force for 4 years if you did not want to be in the military.  Or you went to jail for 4 years

·         Censorship of reading material, TV and movies, and music. Music was banned that had any anti-apartheid messaged, like Pink Floyd - The Wall. The lyrics of “Another brick in the wall” was used by school children to protect against apartheid, and the song “Us and them” was about apartheid. Stevie Wonder was one of many artists that was banned due to his anti-apartheid songs and stance.  

  How was it enforced?

·         By the police. It was law.

·         If you opposed the government, you went to jail

·         The government banned any anti-apartheid material

·         It was taught to children from the start of their first school year, military classes once a week from the start of your high school

·         Religion was also used to taught and enforce it

·         Most white men joined the army right after finishing high school. The military was used to assist police if necessary to enforce

 How did they promote to stop the apartheid from being in charge of the country?

·         F.W. De Klerk became president of South Africa in 1989. By then most of the white people wanted to end apartheid. He started making some changes to the laws of the country

o   Unbanning the ANC and other anti-apartheid organizations

o   Releasing political prisoners like Nelson Mandela

o   End the state of emergency that the country was in

o   Ended the death penalty

·         After the changes he started promoting a democratic government where all races could vote

·         A referendum was held in 1992, where only white people could vote yes or no to end apartheid. 69% of the white population voted to end apartheid

·         1994 was the first democratic election and the ANC won with Nelson Mandela as the prime minister

 How did this effect South African living?

·         Slowly, almost not at all. Things did not change overnight like most people expected

·         It did pull the hole country together for a short period. The rainbow nation stood together for a short period of time like never before. It is one of the reasons I think South Africa won the Rugby World Cup in 1995, beating the All Blacks in the final

·         Quota systems were put in place to force companies, and sports teams to start appointing people of color where possible. All companies had to meet targets of how many white, and how many non-white people worked for them

·         Anyone could go and live anywhere if you could afford it

·         No more forced military service

 How did you hear about the end of apartheid?

·         I lived in it, and through its ending, and the first 6 years after it ended.

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 7 SDL

I found these posters from the apartheid that I found that I can use to expand on my research. It really shows the ideas they tried to use during this horrible time to convince the people of south Africa this isn’t right for equality or the country.

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 7 SDL

Here is the second resource that relate to my research, I have annotated, highlighted and abstracted the main image

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jacques-Lange-2/publication/325854352_Communication_Design_in_South_Africa/links/5b2914584585150c63dcce86/Communication-Design-in-South-Africa.pdf

 Annotate:

Here is a article I found about how the government controlled design education during the era of apartheid, making it racially segregated and had high control on what was being shown or created by the south African citizens

 Highlight:

Influence: to be persuaded or inspired to do something or act on something due to someone else’s words or action

 Graphic design: the skill of someone to use text and images to create something such as a poster, advertisement, or a book.

 Destroy: to damage something to end its existence, by attacking something to break it down till its no longer.

 Controlled:  to be under control of someone else’s rules or words, being forced to do certain things, to make it your way and control the outcome.

 Government: a leading group of people who run a country that puts in the rules and protects the nation if something must go wrong and help the people in need or the opposite in helping.

 Main messages:

How the government has highly controlled any graphic design due to the apartheid, with the police destroying most of the graphic design that was related to the apartheid.

The government controls access to design education by using racial segregation, even after the apartheid for people especially the ‘’non-whites’’

If the designers from the apartheid era was to share their own personal experiences and insights, that it will be comparable to what the western countries have created.

How the white designers didn’t know what was happening outside the ‘’white laager’’

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 7 SDL

Here is one of the two resources that relate to my research, I have annotated, highlighted and abstracted the main image

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1512079

Annotate: Here is an article I found about the change in government due to apartheid falling out of leadership in south Africa, and how did it effect education of graphic design and professional practice in south Africa. I only read the first two pages, but it overall gives us a lot of detail on how its effected design practice in general.

Design: creating/making something that can be refined into multiple things and meanings. A plan of something before it is introduced or promotion of business, activity, or inspiration or ideas from a person

Issues: something or a topic that has created a problem which can affect person(s) or materialistic things.

Freedom: the ability to be you with no judgment. The sense of no control over someone’s actions, having the ability to feel pure power with nothing stopping you or getting in your way, being free in the moment, having a light feeling in your body

Culture: the art/creation, ideas, behaviour of humans that is defined by a certain group located in a certain location of the world.

Main messages

How apartheid has grown separation and segregation in the country, and people are still struggling with change due to this especially in the design world, and how designers have to change their ways due to the dramatic change in the country laws and freedom for certain people.

 How the apartheid has designed cities that were racially divided that will have to learn how to work together, and

How the marketing, advertisement, and the media experience issues with being able to adapt to the new styled of living and learn to design and create in other ways they never thought was allowed or will occur due to the small amounts of experience.

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 7 SDL

During our semester break, my first task was to expand and prepare myself more for my essay writing. I have written some more points I’m intending to discuss on in my essay. These are the points I’m looking to discuss

-          What is the apartheid?

-          Why is there an apartheid?

-          What were the rules created by the apartheid?

-          What design practices were used to take down the apartheid?

-          Who saw these design practices to end apartheid?

-          How did design processes help take down the apartheid?

-          How did poster design help take down apartheid?

-          What was on the posters that influenced people to stand up against the apartheid

-          What happened to design practices after the apartheid, and how did this equal living effect the design world?

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 6 SDL

During this week in class, we learnt how to read images, pulling, and pinpointing out the ideas the designer tried to get towards the reader and find the messages within the designer’s work.  We learnt how to find semiotics, this semiotics are

-          Denotation

-          Connotation

-          Signifiers

-          Signified

-          Icon

-          Symbol

-          Index

-          Denotation

-          Connotation

For the SDL I did mine on the apartheid protest posters that were flying around south Africa during the time I’m studying. And using this semiotics give me a bigger understanding on what the designer of these posters was trying to tell the people of south Africa, and how he used these to draw in people to convince them to end the apartheid by using the semiotics.

[grad505brendanbekker]

Week 5

In week 5, we were taught how to analyze text, finding keywords in a article, find the overall message of the text and find relations and meaning in images and texts.

[grad505brendanbekker]

Week 4 Written

https://librarysearch.aut.ac.nz/vufind/EdsRecord/ufh,16968259

https://content.ebscohost.com/cds/retrieve?content=AQICAHioQh6vaQ1f_660avHqehX5LEStxh3GpqBCg7yJ_AGctQFdao2VTsSkfBj0l9YPvpFFAAAA4DCB3QYJKoZIhvcNAQcGoIHPMIHMAgEAMIHGBgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwHgYJYIZIAWUDBAEuMBEEDIw5gFm0p6tC8G752wIBEICBmBSbpWe6DW9RF_R2dyyHxcbbOdTRck6wxcl5sNOILs8gqmTr9jp-DkWaPIASCmw_nBzu3UKbP9oB-xx1Y5Y8ASXkrEyalUbDm2fbu2ce-MYtr1XXFdfoyzLNYjSUXhHItoOXXP2XzB0By1ADVim8e5CyEq4kt1EN9q0XAacOzz-ntiDnnDjVkO67KtENoZ24t9AV1_7GjNqB

 1.       This article hear Talks about the background and context of CD cover art and hip hop. Explaining the roots of hip hop, where this style of design comes from and hows its evolved and adapted over the years. By connecting image to text and what it means in more of a influenced type of way on the locals. Which leads to community building and creating a stronger society with there music and CD ART. Also how in the 80s how style and attitude effects in activates and how hip hop is linked to a lot of the reality in Brazil during this time. I think this will be useful to my research due to how CD design plays a big role in the social standards of Brazil. And how it expresses reality for some Brazilians back then which connects to some people’s everyday life.

  https://www.artnexus.com/en/magazines/article-magazine-artnexus/5d6309f790cc21cf7c09e5c6/49/art-of-the-1980s

 2.       This article talks about Brazilian art in the 1980s. the decade in time where major issues during that time pointed the art into a different direction and showing new characteristics of new artistic trends. With a bunch of new artists coming up from the 1980s which evolved and created a new style and really pushed the boundaries for Brazilian art. I think I could use this article for my research as it shows the adaption and changes that happen during a very controversial time in Brazil’s history with art and design. With people pushing the boundaries which is a steppingstone of what design and art we know today.

  https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.aut.ac.nz/stable/43831922?seq=1

https://content.ebscohost.com/cds/retrieve?content=AQICAHioQh6vaQ1f_660avHqehX5LEStxh3GpqBCg7yJ_AGctQF6j6xMJYpFNOj6wFmIDYxGAAAA4TCB3gYJKoZIhvcNAQcGoIHQMIHNAgEAMIHHBgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwHgYJYIZIAWUDBAEuMBEEDLhMuajuETYlqyXPcAIBEICBmali7_2ouafYLgXYhfcmQBAvZEfIzIHkOCTWZki1Uqee-XEHZTPF7kp1fPMnj0Jv6VkougS89SvITvEhzDF3cF9dEmVSgmIDkQuf8nxE20Ct_naaMENOT7U_ZtGeqKprbgjKCdjai-HkJwHbaESZslVQzO4AjredmIhQt4pe0JR0StklIUgr3EIsY5Tl_jK3ZrwlRHuo6aC0zQ==

 3.       This article is an overall review of books about graphic design In Brazil. This book has been quite helpful to give out more recourses to other graphic design books relating to my time and era, before the 1990s there wasn’t many books about graphic design made, so its good to get some information about graphic design and about graphic design books in the 1990s-1980s and before this time.  

https://www.nber.org/papers/w3585

 4.       In this article, They talk about the mega inflation in Brazil during the 1980s, and overall why it happened and what were the consequences about this situation towards the economy in Brazil, they were constantly trying to resolve this problem but kept failing, causing nationwide issues and high interest rates during this time, creating problems for some locals in Brazil. I think this will help with my research because this was a key point to what was happening in Brazil during the time I am researching and discussing. This would have influenced a lot of the cultural behaviours during this time.

 https://content.ebscohost.com/cds/retrieve?content=AQICAHioQh6vaQ1f_660avHqehX5LEStxh3GpqBCg7yJ_AGctQGkg1UQvGadDXJGZUwnEkofAAAA4TCB3gYJKoZIhvcNAQcGoIHQMIHNAgEAMIHHBgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwHgYJYIZIAWUDBAEuMBEEDIuoLgykxJP0kkzbkwIBEICBmZXyYEi3lwcz2WHMnrUJCVZpTI-1nzurSY0Zlm8x-BQAo-jpBEaaRm_-HZCOVBex-LyLhUaiZFzsJ396vmxHvnYQvCKG_Xtq_1u5npQ3n3GQjbwI1HrxDc0zQWvPvSR3zWwCOWKyx7OBeAw0jVa07GCyOmK0uPBnMGLK9WWnSZ_9XSGJrlDL6cduuysvi4vLk6CC7iytQHAr0g==

 5.       This article is a bit out of my timeframe but I think this article would be very useful for my research because it talks about the ergonomics of graphic design, explaining the comforts of reading logos, get the consumer indulged into the reading of the typographic text, how colour, shape, and design can help with efficiency, attention, perception, understanding and memorization, I think this is quite key to graphic design and going back later dates in graphic design overall.

[grad505brendanbekker]

WEEK 4 VISUAL

I found this good website that talks about the history of graphic design in latin America. This research is about a broader area then I was doing but I personally struggled to find anything else.

 1  the origin of design can go back to Aloísio Barbosa Magalhãe uses a lot of modern styled logo and typography, with the minimalistic monograms hes created.

  2 I have chosen this image because of its use of colour, its minimal use of colour puts the effect on his chest where the Argentina flag is with a heart replacing the sun. this speaks out that his heart is with Argentina and the designer Hermenegildo Sábat is the reason for that.

   3 I have chosen this picture by Felix René Mederos Pazos because it paints the scene of war. The way it tells a story and uses it to show the public what it means to be in war. This was a little before my chosen era, but it really expresses the feelings of war.

   4. I have chosen this picture by Antonio Perez because of the message it sends, the use of image and wording. The typography really matches the tone.

 5. after a bit more research I found this gem. This amazing amount of work shows off Brazilian graphic design over the years. I realty like this work by trip magazine because it really pushes the graphic design of the time to the limit, with its out there design which would be influence for young adults/teenagers of this era.

   http://guity-novin.blogspot.com/2011/12/graphic-design-in-latin-america-part-ii.html

https://www.rafaelhoffmann.com/aula/arquivos/introducao_design/conteudo_06_design_grafico_brasil.pdf

[grad505brendanbekker]

ART AND DESIGN 1980 - 1994

Art and design b

Photography

In the 80s, film photography was the most popular form of photography. During this time there was a lot of controversy occurring in Brazil, with the economic crisis and corruption of the government. Some astonishing photographs taken in this era were of such events happening. An example of this is Sebastião Salgado’s photos of the largest and most dangerous gold mine in Brazil. These photos of the Serra Pelada Gold Mine used film to tell the story and document history. Some of the photos tell a story showing what people had to do during this era. Some showed how the overworked, and underpaid workers were going into dangerous conditions. Salgado used the tool of photography to tell future generations what occurred in this period of time.

Conversely, some record designs and album covers of Brazilian artists were very colourful and in your face, expressing the genre of music on the packaging with images, colours, photos, and texts. Also, during this era, Brazilian posters were also very colorful and contrasting with bold typography to draw in the persons attention. Neo-expressionism styled posters were very popular too, with out of the box, bold styled designs on posters.

   https://thevinylfactory.com/news/underground-80s-brazilian-dance-floor-jams-new-compilation/

https://publicdelivery.org/sebastiao-salgado-serra-pelada-gold-mine-brazil/

https://thevinylfactory.com/news/street-soul-brazil-compilation/

http://see-aych.com/brazil/brazil-movie-poster-1985/

https://www.pinterest.nz/pin/113364115596303345/

https://www.pinterest.nz/pin/251638697901802038/

[grad505brendanbekker]

ART AND DESIGN  1980 - 1994

The art movement of the era in 1980-1990 was Neo-expressionism. Neo-expressionism is an outstanding art style with a high contrast, non-minimalistic style that pops into your face. Artist would like to use things such as human bodies and recognizable objects with this abstract style. In a way, these paintings would be drawn in a very rough way - giving a lot of the art an aggressive, bold look. With the world finally allowing people to express themselves, you can see how far this movement has come to develop the art and design know today.

Some famous artists known for neo-expressionism art movement are two Italian artists Sandro Chia and Francesco Clemente, and American artists, Julian Schnabel and David Salle. These designers and artists broke the rules of traditional composition and design; proving its okay to express yourself with the out of the box style.  Neo-expressionism was used in marketing, promotion of media and sales, despite being very controversial about the quality of the artists products and the commercialized market to the public who was purchasing art during this time

      https://www.theartstory.org/movement/neo-expressionism/

https://www.britannica.com/art/Neo-Expressionism

https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/1980s-artworks-for-sale/roy-lichtenstein-against-apartheid

https://www.moma.org/artists/1097

https://www.wikiart.org/en/francesco-clemente/furniture-1983

https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/schnabel-homo-painting-t07171

https://www.interviewmagazine.com/art/artist-david-salle-picks-five-favorite-artworks