grammariemay191-blog

[grammariemay191-blog]

         The last topics were about Copy editing and Corporatese. After reporting, an hour ago we had our final exam.

         First, copy-editing is about the work of an editor to improve the formatting, style, and accuracy of text. On what’s necessary and not and some grammatical errors in the context there are symbols used to mark mistakes. The reporter gave some examples of the symbol for copy-editing.

        Second, corporatese is the use of jargons in the corporate/business world, like any other jargons and usually it is complicated.

 This will be my last blog for this subject.

I feel that I’m a writer every time I do post blog. LOL!

GOD BLESS!

[grammariemay191-blog]

Must try this.

[grammariemay191-blog]

[grammariemay191-blog]

Ø AVOID!

        Coherence refers to the text working as a whole. Oneness of the idea in a particular paragraph. Paragraph unity means giving information about the topic.

Sentence Cohesion is a sort of a sentence to sentence connection.

Ø  Repetition –repetition of words in one paragraph to another paragraph.

Ø  Synonymy – describing words using its synonym.

Ø  Antonymy – opposite of the word

Ø  Parallelism –usage of same paragraph format or construction.

Ø  Enumeration –usage of bullets or numbering.

Ø  Transition – if necessary, this uses conjunctions.

Identity (That is, that is to say, in other words)

Opposition (but, yet, however…..)

Addition- adding more ideas with the use of (and, furthermore, moreover….)

        Coherence is when you about an idea in one paragraph. It’s like there is connection among words in one sentence. Cohesion is when a sentence progresses to more than an idea. 

      The second report is about cliché by Meg. It is the overused terms and worn-out, expression to convey and popular thought and idea. Types of cliché Proverbs is a short, well known saying which state. IDIOMS is the expression. The meaning of the context of the sentence doesn’t relate to the literal meaning of its word. Catch Phrase is associated with particular or famous person- could be an author, a movie personality, a celebrity. Simile is basic because we had been familiarized with this idiomatic expression since we were elementary. This is sort of used to form an analogy with the use of like or as. Metaphor is like simile, but it is more direct since it doesn’t use “Like” or “As”. Allusion is like a use of symbolism, say for example, it was taken from history or literature. Doublets or etymological twins are words combined in literature that made impact on people so they are still remembered.

       The reporter just want to say that we should avoid cliché for us to form better than those overused terms. But I don’t know to myself how I am going to do or use it. :(

Johnry discussed GOBBLEDYGOOK.

       He said that Gobbledygook is informal and also redundancies. This is applied in writing while gibberish is applied in speech.  Academese- this is for special language or jargon used in an inappropriate way. Initialese- this is actually confusing due to the use of abbreviation, acronyms and initialism. Don’t talk to a traditional Filipino speaker using TTYL. Restaurantese- when someone places unnecessary explanation.

Lastly Legalese

         Legalese are simple lawyer jargons. or legal jargons that are difficult to understand by most people..

In all in all, we should avoid using all of this.

[grammariemay191-blog]

Overstressing Stress!

        According to our reporter, stress is quiet similar to intonation. Stress emphasizes syllables. She also said that when a word has more than one syllable, not all syllables are pronounced with the same degree of force. The syllable which is pronounced with greater force is called the syllable stress.

       Word stress is your magic key to understanding spoken English. Native speakers of English use word stress naturally. Word stress is so natural for them that they don't even know they use it. Non-native speakers who speak English to native speakers without using word stress. Word stress is two words being combined, but has one stress. Sometimes it can also have 2 stresses depends on the word.

FORMS:

       Weak form is grammar used to connect parts of sentences. It pronounced fast and clear. Strong form carries the main meaning of the sentence. It is used for sentences with surprise and other strong emotions.

RULES:

Syllable stress

·         Word stress simply one word = 1 stress

·         We can only stress vowels not the consonants. (PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble)

·         Stress on last syllable   (preSENT, exPORT, deCIDE, beGIN)

·         Stress on second from the end syllable    (GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic)

·         Stress on third from the end syllable   (deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy)

·         Compound words  (BLACKbird, GREENhouse)

 Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. It is also the use of pitch. Attitudinal function- way of intonation

3 main patterns

·         Falling intonation- used in commands

·         Rising intonation- for yes or no question.

·         Fall-rise - used for sentences that shows request.

3 categories 

·         Pitch words are used to give that word more specific meaning in the context.

·         Pitch boundary happens at the end of an intonation unit.

·         Starting Pitch occurs at the beginning of an intonation unit.

[grammariemay191-blog]

Notice me

One of my classmates, Mr. Simon discussed emphasis. He says that emphasis is the careful arrangement of words or phrases in a sentence to give a special weight and prominence. So, it only means that emphasis helps us to understand more the sentence.

Inversion means of course, from the word inverse, it means inverting a word to emphasize them in a sentence.

·         Only + other prepositional phrase           (Only in this way she could help her parents.)

·          Preposition + no                                                 (Under no circumstances you are allowed.)

·         “little” with negative meaning                       (Little do I know how lucky I am to have you.)

·         So + adjective                                                      (So successful was his much awaited date with Henri.)

·         Do, does, did + base form                                (I do know what you did.)

·          Negative adverbials                                          (They had barely won the match. - Barely had they won the match. 

CLEFT SENTENCE 

·         it + be + phrase + that/who

It was Arvin who discovered that the earth is revolving around the sun. (We emphasize Arvin)

PSEUDO -CLEFT

·          what clause + be + phrase 

What changed her mind was a realization that it’s all wrong. 

 WORD ADDITION 

·         Very                       ( You are very beautiful)

·         Very + indeed      (I do like you, but you are very, very annoying indeed and I don’t like that )

·         Do                           (I do love you.)

·         Own                       (Please welcome, our very own Mama Claire.) (kems)

·         Ever                        (We are never ever getting back together.)

·         The                         The + Proper noun + rest of the sentence

·         Not + (at all, in the least, really…) He took a deep breath and the tears fell until there was none left at all.

 OTHERS 

·         Even, only + if                      ( Even if you leave right now, you’ll be forever in my heart.)

·          Time phrases                      (He’s cheating on me over and over again.)

(Day after day, time passed away.)

·          Repetition of words        �� (Matthew cried and cried until nothing was left in his sorrowful heart.)

(Henri said, “We are never ever, ever getting back together.”)

[grammariemay191-blog]

Too Loooooong!

For this week, we discussed punctuation and Diacritic.

First, Punctuation is used to create sense, clarity and stress in sentences. You use punctuation marks to structure and organize your writing. The period is probably the simplest of the punctuation marks to use. You use it like a knife to cut the sentences to the required length. Comma is used to indicate stops and separation. The exclamation mark is used to express exasperation, astonishment, or surprise, or to emphasise a comment or short, sharp phrase. In professional or everyday writing, exclamation marks are used sparingly if at all. Use the question mark at the end of all direct questions. The colon expands on the sentence that precedes it, often introducing a list that demonstrates or elaborates whatever was previously stated. We use quotation marks to cite something someone said exactly. When rephrasing what someone told you, no quotation marks are needed. Apostrophe could indicate contractions or it could be used in possessives and such. A hyphen joins two or more words together while a dash separates words into parenthetical statements. The two are sometimes confused because they look so similar, but their usage is different. Hyphens are not separated by spaces, while a dash has a space on either side. The difference between a 'bracket' and a 'parentheses' can be a bit confusing. Generally, parentheses refers to round brackets () and brackets to square brackets []. However, we are more and more used to hearing these refered to simply as 'round brackets' or 'square brackets'.

 The next topic was about Diacritic. A diacritic is a mark placed above, through or under a letter. Indicates different sounds from letters. There are 3 types of diacritic 1. Superior Diacritic a. acute accent- used in primary stress, close or tense vowels and high pitch. ex ópera, operátic b. grave accent- used in secondary stress, open or lax vowels and low pitch. ex òperate, belovėd c. circumflex- used for long vowels, omission of letter and consonants. ex air (âr) d. breve- shortness of vowel ex. cat, dog e. macron- for long vowels ex chānge f.diaresis- indicates each vowel to be pronounced separately. ex cooperate - coöperate g. Tilde - popular in Spanish. the very famous ň. ex El Niňo, La Niňa 2. Through Diacritic a. slash- half closed, rounded vowel. b. bar 3. Below Diacritic a. cedilla - indicates soft c. more 

[grammariemay191-blog]

Whooooops! My bio on twitter is quiet related to the last topic we discussed.

[grammariemay191-blog]

Challenge me

Prepositions and Word Usage

 Ma’am Claire was not around yet, we still listened! Whoooo! No jokes ~ kems!

 This week, we talked about prepositions by Jonas. He says that the prepositions describe relationship between other words in a sentence. There preposition of time, preposition of place, preposition of movement. Our student teacher simply discussed that the preposition of time at talks about the specific time, on designate days and dates, in is about non-specific times during a day, a month or a season or year, for is when we measure time for examples seconds, minutes, hours, days, months or years. And lastly since is there a specific date, time or a year. Next on is preposition of place at when there is a specific address that was given, on designate name of the streets, avenues or etc, in when there is a name of land areas such towns, countries, state or even continents. In the preposition of movement, to is used to expressed movement toward a place, towards is a helpful preposition to express movement.

           Some prepositions are used with nouns, adjectives and verbs. For nouns, I’ll give some examples (approval of, fondness of, success in). For adjectives (afraid of, familiar with, worried about). For verbs (apologize for, give up, trust in).

           Prepositional phrase will begin with preposition and end with a noun, pronoun, gerund or even clause, the object of preposition. At home and In time these are the basic prepositional phrase.

  Last Thursday we discussed the word usage. Word usage is the common understood words. The reporters gave some examples for us to be able to understand. J

I’ll give you a link to simply challenge you ;) http://eslus.com/LESSONS/GRAMMAR/WORDUSE/Grama.htm

I still could say that I am an English major but my knowledge is still not enough. Oh help me. Enlighten m. Save me. Hahahahaha!

[grammariemay191-blog]

Adjectives and Adverbials

For this week, we discussed adjectives and adverbial.

We all know that the adjectives are words that describing or modify another person or thing in the sentence. The reporter says that an adjective always has the same form. There are no endings for number or gender.  She gave examples, an old man, an old woman, and old people. She also says that most adjectives have no special form to show that they are adjectives. But there are some endings used to form adjectives from other words for example, careful planning, global warming, and a salty taste.

An adjective phrase can have one or more adjectives.

               Ex.          a large stadium

               a large, empty stadium

 An adverb of degree can come before an adjective.

Ex.          a very large stadium

                               an almost empty stadium

               a very large, almost empty stadium

 An adjective can go before a noun or as complement after a linking verb such as be, seem and get. These positions are called 'attributive' and 'predicative'.

Examples:

Attributive it is used by the noun they describe.

                It is a large stadium. (Before a noun)

               Predicative is used after the linking verb

 The stadium is large. (As complement)

A noun as a modifier can only be attributive.

Example:

                               Tennis club                         Water pipe

                                                     Afternoon tea

But nouns saying what something is made of can go in either position.

Example:              It’s a metal pipe.

                               The pipe is metal.

Some adjectives can have a prepositional phrase after them. The adjective + prepositional phrase cannot go before the noun, but can go directly after it.

Example:

               We walked across a field full of sheep.

Sometimes the position of the adjective depends on the meaning.

Example:

               The amount of money involved is quite small. (relevant)

               It’s a rather involved story. (complicated)

               The person concerned is at lunch, I’m afraid. (relevant)

               A number of concerned people have joined the protest. (worried)

 (-ing and –ed Adjectives)

•          Alarming/alarmed

•          Amusing/amused

•          Annoying/annoyed

•          Confusing/confused

•          Depressing/depressed

•          Disappointing/disappointed

•          Exciting/excited

 The + Adjective

•          Is used to refer to some social groups of people in society. The + adjective takes a plural verb and can be modified by an adverb.

Example:

               Who looks after the old and the sick?

               The old are greatly respected.

•          We can use some adjectives after “the” to refer things in general which have an abstract quality.

Example:

                               There are a lot of books on the general.

                               The human race has a great thirst for the unknown.

•          We use the + adjective + thing to talk about a particular quality or aspect of a situation. This usage is informal.

Example:

                It was an amusing sight, but the annoying thing (about it) was that I didn’t have my camera with me.

  Next is ADVERBIAL is a word (an adverb) or a group of words (an adverbial phrase or an adverbial clause) that modifies or tells us something about the sentence or the verb.

For example:  Marie speaks fluently. – It tells more about the verb.

                          Alyssa ate breakfast yesterday morning. – It tells when the verb’s action occurred.

               The adverbial are divided into four classes. Adverbial complements, adjuncts, conjuncts and disjuncts. When we say adverbial complements, it is an obligatory adverbial that render a sentence ungrammatical and meaningless if removed. (Regina put the flower in the water.) Adjuncts these are part of the core meaning of the sentence, but if omitted still leave a meaningful sentence. (Devorah and Lita helped me with my homework.) Conjuncts link two sentences together. (Vincenzo helped so I was, therefore, able to do my homework.) Disjuncts make comments on the meaning of the rest of the sentence. (Surprisingly, I passed all of my exams in Advanced English Grammar.) – Whoops! This is just an example. Haha!

               The position of an adverbial depends on what it modifies. It can modify a word or phrase or a whole clause. Its position also depends on what type of adverbial it is and whether it is a single word or a phrase.

A. An adverbial which modifies a noun usually goes after it.

The shop on the corner is closed.

Who’s the girl with short hair?

B. An adverb which modifies and adj. or adv usually goes before it.

That’s very kind of you. We heard the signal fairly clearly.

When an adverbial modifies a verb or a whole clause, there are three main places we can put it.

Front: Really, I can't say. Mid: I can't really say.  End: I can't say, really.

Sometimes we can also put an adverbial after the subject. (I really can't say.)

 Front position is at the beginning of a clause. Most types of adverbial can go here. We often put an adverbial in front position when it relates to what has gone before. (Examples:  Sure enough, the police car stopped us. Just hold on a moment.  In the end, our efforts will surely meet with success.)

  Mid position is after an auxiliary verb, after the ordinary verb be on its own or before a simple tense verb. (Examples:  The police are always looking for people at this time. The stereo is definitely faulty. )

 Endposition I hadn’t had a drink for days.  The police were driving very slowly.

Most types of adverbial can come here, especially prepositional phrases.

  If there is an object, then the adverbial usually goes after it

I wrapped the parcel carefully.

We’ll finish the job next week.

Adverbs of manner use to say how something happened or done. Adverbs of place is use to say where something happens. Adverb of frequency use to say when or how often something happens. Adverbs of degree tell us about the intensity or from the word degree of an action.

I know that we already know this topics but thank you very much to the reporters for refreshing it to our mind.

[grammariemay191-blog]

Won’t stop

Mr. President discussed the conjunctions and Yhan-yhan discussed the determiners, articles and quantifiers.

He says that conjunctions are words that link two parts of a sentence. The most common ones are 'and', 'or' and 'but'.  There’re three basic types of conjunctions which are coordinating conjunctions that are used to connect two independent clauses, subordinating conjunctions used to establish the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence and correlative conjunction used to join various sentence elements which are grammatically equal.

When a coordinating conjunction connects two independent clauses, it is often (but not always) accompanied by a comma.

Example: Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the academic requirements.

 A comma is also used with but when expressing a contrast.

Example: This is a useful rule, but difficult to remember.

 In most of their other roles as joiners (other than joining independent clauses, that is), coordinating conjunctions can join two sentence elements without the help of a comma.

Example: Hemingway and Glean are among the American expatriates of the between-the-wars era.  

SEVEN COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS.  (FANBOYS)

Ò  F = for -- Its function is to introduce the reason for the preceding clause.

Ò  A = and -- To suggest that one idea is chronologically sequential to another.

Ò  N = nor -- extinct, but it is not used nearly as often as the other conjunctions, so it might feel a           bit odd when nor does come up in conversation or writing.  Its most common use is as the little brother in the correlative pair, neither-nor.

Ò  B = but -- To suggest a contrast that is unexpected in light of the first clause

Ò  O = or -- To suggest the inclusive combination of alternatives

Ò  Y = yet -- The word yet seems to carry an element of distinctiveness that but can seldom register.

Ò  S = so    

A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.

Uhmmm… In this part I didn’t clearly understand his report. To be honest! I’m sorry Ma’am. L

 Let’s go to Yhan-yhan’s report.  “Determiners, Articles and Quantifiers”

                 Yhan-yhan said that determiners are word or a group of words that introduces a noun. It modifies words that determine the kind of reference a noun or noun group has. They are used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type.

SPECIFIC DETERMINER used when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to:

 •       the definite article: the

•       possessives: my, your, his, its, our, their, whose

•       demonstratives: this, that, these, those

•       interrogatives: which

Examples: Can you pass me the salt please?

                      Look at those lovely flowers.

                      Thank you very much for your letter.

                      Whose coat is this?

GENERAL DETERMINER used when we are talking about things in general and the listeners/readers does not know exactly what we are referring to, we can use uncounted noun or a plural noun with no determiner (A, an, any, another, other, what).

Examples:  A woman was lifted to safety by a helicopter.

                      It’s very easy. Any child can do it.

                      Would you like another glass of wine?

                      I spoke to John, Helen and a few other friends.

ARTICLES

The words a/an and the are called articles. Articles come before nouns.

THE - is called the definite article used to indicate something specific. It points out a particular person or thing.

•       I fell over the chair again.

•       I loved the apple pie after the meal.

A / AN - are called the indefinite articles because they are used to denote something unspecific. It doesn’t state which person or thing we are talking about.

 •       Can you pass me a chair?

•       I love an apple pie after the meal.

The definite article  (the) can be used before singular countable nouns, plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

•       We can say, the book, the books, the rice or the milk.

The indefinite article (a/an) is used before singular countable nouns. It cannot be used before plural nouns.

•       We can say an apple or a tree, but not an apples or a trees.

DEMONSTRATIVES

A determiner or pronoun that points to a particular noun or to the noun it replaces. There are four demonstratives in English.

•       The “near” demonstratives this and these.

•       The “far” demonstratives that and those.

This and That are singular; These and Those are plural.

 Demonstrative pronoun distinguishes its antecedent from similar things.

Example: Let me pick out the books. I want these, not those.

But …

When a demonstrative comes before a noun, it’s sometimes called a demonstrative adjective or a demonstrative determiner.

Example: Son, take this bat and hit that ball out of the park.

                   Have you read all of these books?

                   Who are those people?

 Possessives

A determiner used in front of a noun to express possession or belonging. Possessive determiners are sometimes called as possessive adjectives. (e.g. My phone)

Possessive determiners: my, your, his, her, its, our, and their.

Quantifiers

Come before nouns and tell us how many or how much of something (ex. many, a few, much, a little, plenty, a lot, some and enough).

Examples:

There are enough cookies for everyone.

I saw a couple of horses in the field.

 See! REALLY! English is magical as what Ma’am Cess told us when we were on second year.

Thank you so much for the reporters for refreshing everything in our mind. *harthart*  

[grammariemay191-blog]

[grammariemay191-blog]

Marshals of the Action Words

Modal verbs are the helping verbs that express the mode or the manner of the main verb. Actually they don’t require plurality.  (Can, could, should, will, must, ought)

SUBJECT + MODAL + MAIN VERB.  Modal verbs are followed by the main verb.

But in “questioning” (WH Question) the word order change to: MODAL+SUBJECT+MAIN VERB

 CAN and COULD

“CAN” indicates the ability or the possibility.

“COULD” indicates the possibility NOW.

In yes or no questions, could is used to speculate about present or future possibilities.

Examples: Could this be a mistake?

                Could you come tomorrow?

Could is also used to make request.

           Examples: Could/Can you help me to this subject?

WILL and SHALL

Will and shall are used to talk about the future.

    Regina will/shall meet Marie in the train station tomorrow.

    May will/shall graduate in two years.

In WH question, will is used to ask a favor and shall is used to offer a favor.

           Will you close the door?

           Shall I close the door?

MAY and MIGHT

May and might are used to indicate an uncertain future action

           I may/might go to the park.

           This may/might be a bad idea.

Ought to & Shall. Ought to is more used in British and shall is used in American English

Wait! I remember when my classmate asked one of my professors: “Ma’am, Can I go out” and my Prof. replied “Yes you can, but you may not.” J  (May/Might I go out?)  Might is better to show the politeness of the sentence.

 Auxiliary Verb

             It helps another verb (main verb          ) in the sentence.

It helps to make different forms, mood or voices.

 The three common Auxiliary Verbs

BE – am, is, are, was, were, being, been.

DO – Does, do, did.

HAVE – Has, have, had, having.

                         Yaya dub is beautiful

                       Alden has been counting Yaya Dub for a month.

NOW

                       Frankie has a large coffee stain on his shirt.

                       Duhrizz has bought a new shirt to replace the stained shirt

As an operators, it facilitates an expression of negation and emphasis the do/do – operator.

           Do you want to go with me?

           Does she always wear neon green lipstick?

           Did he color inside the lines?

As Perfects, it expresses the perfect aspect – have.

           We have already eaten.

           The child has taken the entrance exam.

           I had been watching Showtime when he arrived.

As passive expresses the passive voice – be.

The dog is fed daily by a dog sitter.

           We are thought by a wonderful professor.

           I am annoyed.

           The package was delivered on Tuesday.

           Whooah! Christmas is coming. LSS to this song. (Jingle Bells tune)

Helping verbs, helping verbs! There are 23… Am, is, are, was and were, being, been and be. Have, has, had. Do, does, did. Shall, should, will and would. There are five more helping verbs: May, might, must, can and could!

[grammariemay191-blog]

“Inay, I failed the exam... BUT everyone failed it too so it doesn’t count right?”

[grammariemay191-blog]

Whoah!

The subject and Verb Agreement is most definitely the agreement that should ALWAYS stay in the mind of anyone studying the English language for the purpose of syntax, context and of course, good communication.

There are 26 rules of SUBJECT VERB agreement. And these are the rules that we need to follow.

1. Subject and verbs must agree in number.

Example: The dog barks when he is angry.

                The dogs bark when they are hungry.

2. Words between the subject and the verb do not affect agreement.

Example: The dog, who is chewing on my jeans, is usually very good.

3. Prepositional phrases between the subject and the verb usually don’t affect agreement. Example: The colors of the rainbow are beautiful.

4. When sentence starts with “there” or “here”, the subject will always be placed after the verbs, so it needs to be taken to identify if it is correct.

Example: There is a problem with the balance sheet.

                 Here are the papers you requested.

5. Subjects don’t always come before the verbs in questions.

Example: Does Lefty usually eat grass?

                Where are the pieces of this puzzle?

6. If two subjects are joined by and, they require a plural verb. Example: The cow and the pig are jumping over the moon.

7. The verb is singular if the two subjects separated by andrefer to the same person or thing.

Example: Red beans and rice is my mom's favorite dish. 8. If the words each, every, or no come before the subject, the verb is singular.

Example: No smoking and drinking is allowed.               Every man and woman is required to check in.               9. If the subjects are both singular and are connected by the words or, nor, neither/nor, either/or, and not only/but also the verb is singular.

Example: Jessica or Christian is to blame for the accident

10. Two singular subjects = singular verb 11. Two plural subjects = plural verb 12. One singular and one plural = subject closest to the verb 13. The only time when the object of the preposition factors into the decision of plural or singular verb forms is when noun and pronoun subjects like some, half, none, more, all, etc. are followed by a prepositional phrase. In these sentences, the object of the preposition determines the form of the verb. Example: All of the chicken is gone.              All of the students are gone. 14. The singular verb form is usually used for units of measurement. Example:  Four quarts of oil was required to get the car running.

15. If the subjects are both plural and are connected by the words or, nor, neither/nor, either/or, and not only/but also, the verb is plural. Example: Dogs and cats are both available in the pound.

16. If one subject is singular and one plural and the words are connected by the words or, nor, neither/nor, either/or, and not only/but also, you use the verb form of the subject that is nearest the verb. Example: Do your sisters or your girlfriend want any pizza? 17. Indefinite pronouns typically take singular verbs. Example: Everybody wants to be loved.

18. Except for the pronouns (few, many, several, both) that always take the plural form. Example: Few were left alive after the flood

19. If two infinitives are separated by 'and' they take the plural form of the verb. Example: To walk and to chew gum require great skill. 20.  When gerunds are used as the subject of a sentence they take the singular verb form of the verb, but when they are linked by 'and' they take the plural form. Example: Standing in the water was a bad idea.

   Swimming in the ocean and playing drums are my hobbies.

21. Collective nouns like herd, senate, class, crowd, jury, crew, etc. take a singular verb form when they act as a single unit. They take a plural verb form when the members or parts of the group are acting individually. Example: The jury has decided on its verdict.             The jury have different opinions about the verdict. 22. Titles of books, movies, novels, etc. are treated as singular and take a singular verb. Example: The Burbs is a movie starring Tom Hanks. 23. Some nouns are always plural and always take a plural verb.

• Trousers, pants, slacks, shorts, briefs, jeans • Glasses, sunglasses • Scissors, pliers, tweezers

Example: My jeans are old.

24. Some nouns have the same singular and plural form. They take singular or plural verb depending on the meaning. e.g. species, series, deer, fish, sheep.

Example: This species of monkeys lives only in India.                There are many species of monkeys. 25. Some nouns look plural with –s but they take a singular verb. (Politics, Mathematics, News,Statistics) Example: Statistics requires complicated methods.

26. Generic references with the require plural verb. Example: The rich are not always happy.

Thank you to this subject. I’ll admit that there are lots of error every time I speak or write in English grammar.

🔫🔫🔫🔫

[grammariemay191-blog]

PHRASAL VERB

A phrasal verb is composed of a verb and an adverb particle. A prepositional verb is composed of a verb and a preposition. A phrasal verb is composed of a verb, an adverb and a preposition.

Phrasal verbs can be separated since they have adverb particles. An adverb particle is closely related with the verb while a preposition is closely related with the verb while a preposition is closely related with the object. So, basically, prepositional verbs and phrasal prepositional verbs cannot be separated, unless there is an object of the preposition existing.

Single - look Multi word 🔘Phrasal - look up 🔘Prepositional - look after 🔘Phrasal Prepositional -look forward to (cannot be separated)

Structure of a phrasal verb 👍Transitive 👍Intransitive

Separable Phrasal Verb (Transitive) 👉They turned down the radio. 👉They turn the radio down. (Verb + Preposition)

😊🔫

[grammariemay191-blog]

MOODS AND VOICES

My classmates reported about moods and voices. It was easy to understand, especially the moods. A verb's mood depends on how the sentence describes the attitude of the speaker. Klarisse discussed four moods. The first one is the indicative mood, which is describing the reality in the sentence. The second one is the imperative mood which is indicating the speaker's way of ordering commands. It has an implied 'you' in the beginning of every sentence. You must get it! The third one is the interrogative mood that just simply states a question. Did you get it? And the last one is the subjunctive mood that has hypothetical state. These mood uses If & were, would, could, should or may ~ to indicate that it's not a true statement. There are two kinds of voices, the two voices of the verb. The first one is the active voice. It describe a sentence where the subject performs the action. It follows the pattern; doer - action - receiver; It is used in daily conversation. The second one is the passive voice. It follows the pattern ; receiver - action - doer; This voice is used in scientific writing, journalism and this is also used as a literary techniques... That's all for this week. PS. I realized that it hard! REALLY to make a blog using a phone 😂...