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Week 10: Shielding Ourselves from Online Harassment and the Fight for Equal Expression on Social Media

The internet has changed the way we communicate, express ourselves, and build careers. But while it’s opened up new opportunities, it’s also created serious risks—like cyberbullying and online harassment. These threats include stalking, misinformation, and targeted abuse meant to silence individuals. Studies show that marginalized groups—such as women, people of color, and the LGBTQ+ community—are often the most affected (Haslop et al., 2021). According to the Australian Human Rights Commission (2024), cyberbullying can take a serious toll on mental health, leading to anxiety and depression. A striking example is journalist Caroline Criado-Perez, who endured relentless online abuse after advocating for gender equality, proving just how quickly digital harassment can spiral out of control (Thompson, 2024). To create safer online spaces, we must take steps to protect ourselves while also advocating for fair treatment and true freedom of speech on social media.

Understanding Online Harassment

Online harassment comes in many forms, including cyberstalking, spreading false information, and hate speech. Victims often feel anxious and hesitant before posting or engaging online (News-Medical, n.d.). This fear has contributed to a growing digital divide, with some individuals avoiding social media altogether to escape abuse. But bystanders play a crucial role, too—staying silent allows harassment to continue, while speaking up and reporting abuse can help shift the culture (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2024).

The way media covers cyberbullying also shapes public perception. Thompson (2024) argues that when the media exaggerates or downplays online abuse, it makes it harder for victims to get the help they need. Honest and responsible reporting can raise awareness and hold perpetrators accountable.

The Impact of Cyber Harassment on Mental Health

Online harassment isn’t just a digital issue—it has real-world consequences. Cyberbullying has been linked to anxiety, depression, and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many victims live in constant fear, making it difficult to focus at school or work (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2024). Research by News-Medical (n.d.) found that prolonged exposure to online abuse increases the risk of substance abuse and self-harm. In severe cases, victims may withdraw from social interactions, experience low self-esteem, or even have suicidal thoughts. Because online harassment can feel relentless, it can be mentally and emotionally exhausting. Addressing this issue requires stronger social media protections and better mental health support for those affected.

The Struggle for Free and Safe Expression on Social Media

Social media should be a space where everyone can speak freely, but harassment, censorship, and inconsistent policies often make that impossible. While these platforms give people a voice, they also expose marginalized groups to widespread abuse, leading many to self-censor. Stronger content moderation and improved reporting systems are essential to making social media a safer place. Unfortunately, many victims don’t report abuse because they believe nothing will change (Haslop et al., 2021). According to the Universal Human Rights Index (n.d.), women activists and politicians are frequently harassed, discouraging them from engaging in public discourse. Thompson (2024) also points out that poor media coverage of online harassment makes victims even more hesitant to come forward.

Bystanders can make a difference. The Australian Human Rights Commission (2024) emphasizes that individuals, social media platforms, and communities all have a role in improving digital literacy and educating users about their rights. Creating a safer and more inclusive online space requires collective action, policy changes, and greater awareness.

Conclusion

The internet should be a place where everyone can express themselves without fear of harassment. To achieve this, we need to take action—by protecting ourselves, reporting abuse, and standing with victims. Combating online harassment requires stronger digital literacy, responsible journalism, and better platform policies (Haslop et al., 2021; Thompson, 2024). Bystanders also play a key role—by calling out harassment and promoting respectful online behavior, they help create a healthier digital space (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2024). Through advocacy, awareness, and stronger protections, we can work toward a more inclusive and respectful online world for everyone.

References

Haslop, C., et al. (2021). #NoSnowflakes: Exploring online harassment and its normalization in digital spaces.

Australian Human Rights Commission. (2023). Cyberbullying, Human rights and bystanders | Australian Human Rights Commission. Humanrights.gov.au. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/commission-general/cyberbullying-human-rights-and-bystanders-0

Bednar, M. (2023, September 22). Social Media and Hate Speech: Challenges to Online Human Rights - U.H.Rights. U.H.Rights. https://www.universalhumanrightsindex.org/social-media-and-hate-speech-challenges-to-online-human-rights/

Greenwood, M. (2023, January 5). The Impact of Cyberbullying on Mental Health. News-Medical.net. https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Impact-of-Cyberbullying-on-Mental-Health.aspx

Mueller, M. (2021). Challenging the Social Media Moral Panic: Preserving Free Expression under Hypertransparency. Cato.org. https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/challenging-social-media-moral-panic-preserving-free-expression-under

Project, F., & freilich.foundation@anu.edu.au. (2023, March 17). New journalism research will help mitigate the harms of online hostility. Freilich Project for the Study of Bigotry. https://freilich.anu.edu.au/news-events/blog/new-journalism-research-will-help-mitigate-harms-online-hostility

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Week 9: Gaming Today: More Than Just Playing

Let’s get real—gaming isn’t just about playing anymore. It’s about watching others play, creating content, modding games, and even turning a hobby into a career. But in today’s digital age, indie developers, streamers, and gaming communities face serious challenges. They rely on massive platforms like Steam, Twitch, and YouTube, which dictate what gets seen, who succeeds, and how money moves. While gaming still thrives on creativity and community, the harsh reality is that big business is calling the shots.

Indie Developers: Creativity vs. Business Pressure

Indie developers are some of the most passionate creators in gaming, bringing innovative and experimental ideas to life (Keogh, 2021). Unlike large game studios that prioritize profits, indie devs tend to focus on artistic vision. But here’s the problem—no matter how creative they are, they still need to sell their games. And platforms like Steam and Epic Games highlight what’s already popular rather than taking risks on fresh, original content.

A prime example is Disco Elysium (2019), a critically acclaimed RPG praised for its deep storytelling and unique mechanics. The game became a huge success, but only because it won high-profile awards. Without that visibility, it could have been buried under thousands of other indie titles on Steam. The sad truth? Most indie games never even get noticed.

Keogh (2021) explains that indie developers operate within “value regimes,” meaning they must balance creativity with market demands. Even though they work independently, they still depend on big platforms to distribute their games. Chia et al. (2020) describe this as platformisation—where digital storefronts decide what gets seen and what doesn’t. The result? Indie developers aren’t as free as we’d like to think.

Live Streaming: Gaming for Fun or Performing to Survive?

Gaming isn’t just something you do—it’s something you watch. Platforms like Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Facebook Live have transformed gaming into a full-blown entertainment industry (Taylor, 2018). Streamers can build communities, showcase their gameplay, and even make a living. But it’s not all fun and games.

Taylor (2018) explains that streamers are in a constant battle with Twitch’s algorithm, which favors big names and established creators. Smaller streamers struggle for years just to get noticed. For example, Twitch star Ninja became famous playing Fortnite, but thousands of smaller Fortnite streamers barely get any exposure. Many talented streamers grind for hours every day but never reach enough viewers to earn a sustainable income.

On top of that, trends like the “Hot Tub Meta” highlight how unpredictable platform rules can be—what’s allowed today might be banned tomorrow. Instead of simply gaming, streamers have to perform, adapt, and constantly grind just to survive.

Who’s Actually in Charge?

Chia et al. (2020) argue that platformisation has placed power firmly in the hands of major corporations. Here’s how it affects different groups:

Indie developers rely on Steam and Epic Games for sales, meaning their success is dictated by algorithms and shifting market trends.

Streamers are at the mercy of platforms like Twitch and YouTube, where engagement metrics control visibility and income.

Gamers face a world full of ads, microtransactions, and constantly changing policies designed to maximize corporate profits.

Even in an open-ended game like Minecraft, corporations still have the final say. Hjorth et al. (2021) explain that while players can mod, roleplay, and create their own worlds, Microsoft ultimately owns the servers and decides what’s allowed. A recent example is Minecraft’s ban on NFTs and crypto integration. While many players supported the move, it was a clear reminder that Microsoft—not the community—has the last word in shaping the game.

The Future of Gaming: Can We Take Back Control?

Gaming has always been about community, creativity, and connection. But today, it’s clear that those who control the platforms make the rules. Whether it’s indie developers struggling for visibility, streamers wrestling with the algorithm, or players navigating paywalls and microtransactions, one thing is certain:

Gaming isn’t just about fun anymore—it’s about survival in a corporate-controlled digital world.

So the big question is: Can gamers, developers, and streamers push back? Or are we forever stuck playing by the rules of corporations that care more about profits than players?

References

Chia, A., Keogh, B., Leorke, D., & Nicoll, B. (2020). Platformisation in game development. Internet Policy Review, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1515

Hjorth, L., Richardson, I., Davies, H., & Balmford, W. (2021). Exploring play. In Exploring Minecraft: Ethnographies of Play and Creativity (pp. 27–47). Palgrave Macmillan.

Keogh, B. (2021). The Melbourne indie game scenes: Value regimes in localized game development. In P. Ruffino (Ed.), Independent Videogames: Cultures, Networks, Techniques and Politics (pp. 209–222). Routledge.

Taylor, T. L. (2018). Broadcasting ourselves. In Watch Me Play: Twitch and the Rise of Game Live Streaming (pp. 1–23). Princeton University Press.

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Week 8: Through the Looking Glass: AR Filters and the Illusion of Perfection

A swipe, a tap, and suddenly you got a perfect selfie. Pores? Gone. Jawline? Snatched. Lips? Plump, but not too plump. Augmented Reality (AR) filters have taken over social media, transforming ordinary selfies into polished, magazine-cover-worthy images. What began as a fun digital experiment has become second nature—so much so that posting an unfiltered photo can feel… intimidating.

But as we craft our faces with a tap, we have to ask: are we shaping these filters, or are they shaping us?

The Rise of AR Filters

AR filters are computer-generated effects that alter your appearance or surroundings in real time. Some smooth your skin, others add playful animations, and some transport you to an entirely new setting (Miller, 2024). While AR technology has existed for decades, it wasn't until Snapchat introduced face filters in 2015—followed by Instagram in 2017—that they became an integral part of our online lives (Constine, 2017). Today, over 700 million Meta users engage with AR filters every month (Cook, 2021).

Filters generally fall into three main categories:

Beauty Filters: These blur, lift, slim, and enhance—often to the point of making you look like a different person.

Fun Filters: Think dog ears, alien eyes, or exaggerated, cartoon-like features.

Artistic Filters: These play with lighting, colors, and textures to create a specific mood.

With nearly half of Instagram users engaging with AR filters (Dixon, 2024), their influence is undeniable. But are they just harmless fun, or are they changing the way we see ourselves?

The Bright Side of AR Filters

Not all filters are about erasing flaws—many are tools for creativity and self-expression. Ever wondered how you’d look with a bold red lip or a buzz cut? Filters let you experiment without commitment. A study by Ambika et al. (2023) found that AR features actually helped some users rethink traditional beauty standards. One participant, Avishi, noted that trying virtual contact lenses in unexpected colors changed the way she viewed herself.

For others, filters serve as a tool for self-exploration. Snapchat’s "My Twin" filter, which swaps facial features based on gender stereotypes, has been particularly significant for trans and non-binary users. Seeing a version of themselves that aligns more closely with their gender identity can be an affirming experience (Goetz, 2021).

Beyond self-discovery, filters simply make social media more entertaining. Teenagers use them to send silly snaps, join viral challenges, or enhance their online presence (Szambolics et al., 2023). In a digital world where interactions happen through screens, filters help us connect in playful, engaging ways.

The Dark Side: When Filters Distort Reality

But there’s a downside. Beauty filters, in particular, promote dangerously unrealistic standards. Impossibly smooth skin, symmetrical features, big eyes, and sculpted cheekbones—this hyper-glamorized look has become so normalized that our unfiltered faces start to feel… wrong.

This has fueled the phenomenon known as Snapchat dysmorphia—a trend where people seek cosmetic surgery to resemble their filtered selves (Hunt, 2019). Research suggests that frequent use of beauty filters can lead to increased body dissatisfaction and anxiety (Bakker, 2022). When the reflection in the mirror doesn’t match the perfected version on-screen, feelings of inadequacy can set in.

Even more concerning, filters can create a kind of dependence. Some users feel anxious about posting unedited photos, and the longer this pattern continues, the harder it becomes to present their true, unfiltered selves. Rather than boosting confidence, filters can deepen insecurities, trapping users in a cycle of self-doubt.

The Future of Beauty in the Age of AR

Filters aren’t just influencing beauty standards today—they’re reshaping what we’ll see as "normal" in the future. An even bigger issue is the limited and often Eurocentric beauty standards reinforced by AR filters. Many default to light skin, thinner noses, and more symmetrical features (Barker, 2020). For younger users exposed to these filters daily, this can shape their perceptions of beauty and self-worth in lasting ways.

As AI-driven beauty tools expand beyond social media—powering virtual try-on experiences and personalized cosmetic recommendations—the pressure to conform to digital perfection will only grow. While these innovations open new avenues for self-expression, they also make embracing imperfection even harder—a concerning trajectory.

In response, advocacy groups and everyday users are pushing for more inclusive filters that celebrate diverse beauty. But the responsibility doesn’t just fall on users—it’s up to tech companies to ensure AR tools don’t reinforce a single, narrow standard of beauty.

Conclusion: No Filter Needed?

AR filters have transformed the way we present ourselves online. They offer exciting possibilities for experimentation, creativity, and identity exploration—but they also come with consequences. Are we using filters as a fun, playful tool, or are we becoming trapped by an unattainable digital ideal?

As technology continues to evolve, one truth remains: beauty is not defined by an algorithm. And at the end of the day, no filter can replace the real, unedited you.

References

Ambika, A., Belk, R., Jain, V., & Krishna, R. (2023). The road to learning “who am I” is digitized: A study on consumer self‐discovery through augmented reality tools. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 22(5), 1112–1127. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2185

Bakker, M. (2022). #nofilter: How beauty filters affect the internalization of beauty ideals [Master’s Thesis]. Utrecht University. https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/41835

Barker, J. (2020). Making-up on mobile: The pretty filters and ugly implications of Snapchat. Fashion, Style & Popular Culture, 7(2-3), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00015_1

Constine, J. (2017). Instagram launches selfie filters, copying the last big Snapchat feature. TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/16/instagram-face-filters/

Cook, C. (2021). Discussing the Future of Spark AR. MB Humans. https://www.mbhumans.com/post/discussing-the-future-of-spark-ar

Dixon, S. J. (2024). Instagram users worldwide 2025. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/183585/instagram-number-of-global-users/

Goetz, T. (2021). Swapping gender is a snap (chat): Limitations of (trans)gendered legibility within binary digital and human filters. Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience, 7(2). https://catalystjournal.org/index.php/catalyst/article/view/34839

Hunt, E. (2019). Faking it: How selfie dysmorphia is driving people to seek surgery. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/jan/23/faking-it-how-selfie-dysmorphia-is-driving-people-to-seek-surgery

Miller, L. A. (2024). Preserving the ephemeral: A visual typology of augmented reality filters on Instagram. Visual Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/1472586X.2024.2341296

Rettberg, J. W. (2017). Filtered Reality: How AR is Changing Beauty Perceptions. Palgrave Macmillan.

Szambolics, P., Müller, H., & Richter, A. (2023). Teenagers, trends, and technology: How AR filters shape online self-presentation. New Media & Society, 25(3), 563-580.

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Week 7: How Social Media Contributes to Beauty Standards and Affects Mental Health

Have you ever scrolled through Instagram or TikTok and wondered why everyone looks the same? The flawless skin, angular jawlines, and seemingly impossible body sculpting—it’s as if there’s an unspoken rulebook for beauty. And there is. Social media has created a ‘beauty script’ that defines what’s attractive and makes perfection seem like the norm. But behind the editing apps, filters, and lighting tricks, there’s something even more powerful at play algorithms. These invisible systems determine which beauty trends go viral and which fade into obscurity, shaping our perceptions of beauty in ways we may not even realize.

How Social Media Decides What’s Beautiful

Social media doesn’t just display beauty trends—it curates them. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok favor posts that align with a narrow definition of beauty: thin, light-skinned, and conventionally attractive. Those who don’t fit this ideal are less likely to have their posts seen due to algorithmic bias (Duffy & Meisner, 2022). This creates an "attention economy," where posts that follow these beauty standards receive more likes, shares, and visibility. Carah and Dobson (2016) describe this process as "algorithmic hotness," where social media amplifies certain looks while sidelining others. Lane (2017) argues that body modification through surgery, filters, or tattoos is no longer purely a personal choice but increasingly a response to digital beauty standards. In a world where engagement equals visibility, people often feel pressured to alter their appearance just to stay relevant online.

The Hidden Impact on Self-Esteem and Mental Health

Spending hours browsing through flawless images can significantly affect self-esteem. Celebrities and influencers often present fitness and beauty routines as effortless, but they rarely disclose the extreme diets, genetics, or professional editing behind their images. Research shows that frequent exposure to these highly curated images leads to body dissatisfaction and stress (Fardouly et al., 2015). The #Fitspiration movement, for instance, often promotes extreme physical fitness without acknowledging the privilege, time, and effort required to achieve such bodies (Tiggemann & Zaccardo, 2018). Over time, these unrealistic standards can contribute to mental health issues such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), where individuals develop an obsessive focus on real or perceived flaws (Ryding & Kuss, 2020). Additionally, the pressure to meet these standards can lead to anxiety, depression, and disordered eating. When perfection is portrayed as normal, anything less can feel like failure.

What We Can Do to Promote Real Beauty

The good news? Things don’t have to stay this way. We have the power to redefine beauty standards through our online engagement. Every like, comment, and share reinforces certain ideals—whether we realize it or not (Gillespie, 2014). By supporting diverse creators, engaging with authentic content, and challenging conventional beauty norms, we can help create a more inclusive digital space. Social media isn’t fixed, it changes based on user behavior. If we collectively celebrate natural beauty, demand diversity, and uplift content that embraces authenticity, we can reshape how beauty is perceived.

Conclusion: A More Inclusive Future

Social media shapes how we see ourselves and others but we don’t have to be passive consumers. By questioning the beauty standards we’re exposed to, curating our feeds to include diverse representation, and advocating for transparency in digital content, we can foster a healthier, more inclusive perception of beauty. Change starts with awareness, and every small action contributes to a broader shift. So next time you scroll, ask yourself: What kind of beauty are you supporting?

References

Carah, N., & Dobson, A. (2016). Algorithmic hotness: Young women’s “promotion” and “reconnaissance” work via social media body images. Social Media + Society, 12(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116672885

Duffy, B. E., & Meisner, C. (2022). Platform governance at the margins: Social media creators’ experiences with algorithmic (in)visibility. Media, Culture & Society, 45(2), 285–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221111923

Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002

Gillespie, T. (2014). The relevance of algorithms. In T. Gillespie, P. J. Boczkowski, & K. A. Foot (Eds.), Media technologies: Essays on communication, materiality, and society (pp. 167–194). MIT Press.

Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2018). ‘Strong is the new skinny’: A content analysis of #fitspiration images on Instagram. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(8), 1003–1011. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316639436

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Week 6: Slow Fashion: Why It’s More Than Just a Trend

Walk into any shopping mall, scroll through social media, or browse an online store, and you'll see one thing: Fast Fashion everywhere. Cheap clothes, trendy fashion, and brands churning out new collections faster than we can keep up. But there's a harsh reality: the fashion industry is responsible for about 10% of the world's carbon emissions (Brewer, 2019). And that doesn’t even account for the labor exploitation behind those $5 T-shirts.

This is where Slow Fashion comes in. It’s not always about splurging on luxurious green clothes—it's about rethinking how we approach fashion. Instead of buying items just because they’re trendy, Slow Fashion encourages us to buy less, spend more on quality, and use our clothes longer. As sustainable fashion expert Kate Fletcher puts it, it’s a smarter, more mindful way to consume—one that benefits people and the planet (Domingos et al., 2022).

Sounds great, doesn’t it? But there is a catch: Slow Fashion is still seen by many as trendy or unrealistic. It’s too expensive, too inconvenient, or just too unfriendly to the mainstream. That’s why media, social movements, and consumer action are needed to make it the new normal.

How Media Is Changing the Way We See Fashion

Let’s face it most of us don’t care much about the environmental cost of our wardrobe. But when people see the reality of Fast Fashion, it’s harder to look away. Documentaries like The True Cost have been powerful in exposing the behind-the-scenes reality of the industry: sweatshops, pollution, and the true cost of those cheap clothes we love (Brewer, 2019).

It’s not just films, either. Social media has become a driving force in promoting Slow Fashion, with influencers and fashion bloggers abandoning hauls and fast trends in favor of showcasing sustainable brands (Lai, Henninger, & Alevizou, 2017). Campaigns like #WhoMadeMyClothes encourage people to ask tough questions, such as, “Who made my clothes and under what conditions?” (Kopnina, 2019).

And the impact is real. Studies have shown that when people are more educated about these issues, they’re less likely to support businesses that engage in unethical practices (Geiger & Keller, 2018). Awareness is not just a buzzword—it’s changing the way consumers act.

Why Consumers Hold the Most Power

At the end of the day, fashion companies exist because we buy what they produce. If we demand fair and sustainable options, labels will have to respond. But let’s be honest—change doesn’t happen overnight.

One of the biggest obstacles? Price. Ethical fashion may be more expensive in the short term, and not everyone can afford that (Geiger & Keller, 2018). But Slow Fashion isn't just about buying sustainable brands; it’s about shopping smarter overall. This means:

Prioritizing quality over quantity (a well-made piece will last much longer than a cheap, fast-fashion item).

Supporting brands that care about fair wages and sustainable materials.

Mending and repurposing clothes instead of throwing them away.

Second-hand shopping—because vintage and thrifted items are just as stylish.

Another challenge? Trends fade quickly. People don’t want to feel left behind. The thing is, Slow Fashion isn’t about never buying anything new; it’s about making thoughtful decisions instead of giving in to impulse buys.

And, of course, there's an emotional element. Research shows that when people are exposed to real stories of factory workers and working conditions, they’re more likely to make ethical decisions about the brands they support (Geiger & Keller, 2018). This emotional connection transforms fashion from a personal style choice into a way to support something bigger.

Slow Fashion in Vietnam: Progress and Roadblocks

Vietnam is slowly but surely embracing the Slow Fashion movement. More local brands are adopting ethical production practices, and sustainability-focused events are drawing attention to these issues (Brewer, 2019). People are beginning to realize that buying fewer, higher-quality items is actually a better investment than constantly replacing cheap ones.

But there are still challenges. Fast Fashion is everywhere, and it’s cheap. For many shoppers, value still outweighs sustainability when it comes to making purchasing decisions (Geiger & Keller, 2018). Then there’s the problem of greenwashing—when companies market themselves as “sustainable” while still engaging in questionable practices (Kopnina, 2019). If Slow Fashion is going to grow in Vietnam, there needs to be more education for consumers and greater accountability for businesses.

Final Thoughts: The Future of Slow Fashion

Slow Fashion isn’t just about clothes; it’s about changing the way we consume. The truth is, Fast Fashion isn’t sustainable for the environment, for workers, or even for us as consumers.

But change won’t happen overnight. No one is asking you to stop shopping entirely. Even small changes—buying less, spending money on responsible companies, and thinking twice before making a purchase—can make a difference. At the end of the day, every dollar you spend is a vote for the kind of world you want to live in. So, what are you voting for?

References

Kopnina, H. (2019). Green-washing or best case practices? Using circular economy and Cradle to Cradle case studies in business education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219, 613–621.

Geiger, S. M., & Keller, J. (2018). Shopping for clothes and sensitivity to the suffering of others: The role of compassion and values in sustainable fashion consumption. Environment and Behavior, 50(10), 1119–1144.

Domingos, M., Vale, V. T., & Faria, S. (2022). Slow fashion consumer behavior: A literature review. Sustainability, 14(2860), 1–15.

Brewer, M. K. (2019). Slow fashion in a fast fashion world: Promoting sustainability and responsibility. Laws, 8(4), 24

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Do Memes Provide a Useful Way of Understanding Politics?

Introduction

Today, memes are more than just funny pictures. They have become a powerful way to discuss politics. You might have seen a meme that made you laugh or annoyed you while thinking about a political issue. However, memes can be more complicated than they seem.

Do memes help us understand political discussions? This is an important question. Richard Dawkins created the term "meme" in his book The Selfish Gene in 1976. He described memes as cultural ideas that can change and spread. Now, with social media, memes spread quickly and can influence how we think and talk about politics.

 Memes can simplify complex topics and make them easier to relate to. However, they can also overlook important facts or spread false information. It’s important to think about whether memes help us understand politics or if they confuse us.

 As we interact with memes, we should look closely at the ones we see and share. In a world full of information, it’s essential to tell what is true and what is not. So, the next time you see a meme, think about its message and how it contributes to the larger political conversation. In the age of memes, we are sharing more than laughs; we are also taking part in a new way to talk about politics that deserves thoughtful consideration.

The Role of Memes in Politics

In today’s fast-paced digital world, memes have emerged as a unique and influential tool in the realm of political communication. Especially when it comes to engaging young audiences who often find traditional news media less appealing, memes serve as a bridge.

They’re catchy, relatable, and often laced with sarcasm qualities that resonate with teens and young adults scrolling through their feeds.

Platforms like Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok have become information hotspots, and memes are virtually everywhere, making them some of the most entertaining forms of news. The most effective memes manage to be both humorous and thought-provoking, sparking discussions about important political issues. As highlighted in research by Kasirye (2019), a well-crafted meme can capture attention and invite users to engage in conversations that they might otherwise overlook.

 In a landscape inundated with content, the reality is that our attention spans are shorter than ever. People crave quick, digestible nuggets of information that provide insight without the weight of lengthy articles. Memes fit perfectly into this “cookie jar” of content educational yet enjoyable, easy to consume, and straightforward in delivery.

This meme phenomenon is crucial, particularly for individuals who feel disconnected from traditional political discussions. According to Shifman (2014), memes can effectively disseminate vital information about political issues and events, acting as a catalyst for engagement and understanding.

 In essence, the future of political communication may not be found in lengthy speeches or dense articles, but in the clever, humorous world of memes. They provide a valuable avenue to inform, engage, and inspire the next generation of voters. So, the next time you come across a meme, remember it might just be the spark that ignites a much-needed conversation about the issues that matter most.

Simplified Political Messaging

In today’s political landscape, messages can often feel bogged down by jargon and complex information, making them seem inaccessible to many. One effective way to simplify these messages is through memes.

 A prime example of this was during the Movement Control Order (MCO) in Malaysia, where numerous government announcements were made in Bahasa Melayu. For those who didn’t understand the language, these communications could be quite frustrating. However, memes emerged as a clever solution, transforming complicated information into relatable, humorous content that resonated, particularly with younger audiences.

 Memes do more than just entertain, they can spark important conversations around political issues. When a meme goes viral, it often ignites discussions that can lead to a deeper understand      ding of current events. This presents a unique opportunity for political figures to engage more effectively with the public. By embracing memes, they can create a more inclusive environment for political dialogue.

In essence, humor and relatability in memes can draw people into political conversation, making the sometimes dull agenda of politics much more engaging.

 Impact of Political Memes

At the time of elections, memes seem to be more powerful than at other times. As an illustration, the decision of Malaysia at current for the sake of reducing voting age from 21 to 18 shows how memes can influence political attitudes of young voters. There are many among the young who do not possess a proper grasp of political matters and hence resort to memes for believed facts about candidates. Memes might help get people to connect more emotionally, and at the same time, they can help become politicians seemingly more human and hence more relatable. An entertaining meme that is a portrait of a candidate could humanize them thus making it more likely for young voters to feel connected with their messages and platforms (Kasirye, 2019).

Going back to the 2008 US presidential campaign, Barack Obama's team cleverly used memes to catch the attention of young voters. The increasing attention to his bid was further intensified by memes that showed the rockstar in the office and his platform (Oakes, 2020). This relationship between memes and political participation highlights their ability to shape election results and to a large extent, among the younger group.

However, we must know the fact that memes always may not have a good influence. While memes can give information and, hence, captivating and instructive, they can also forge errors by passing false data and biases. Since memes often feature exaggeration and humor, it may not be apparent where the truth stops and the satire starts. Hence, it leaves people the responsibility of being critical in their interaction with the same (Vajpeyi, 2024).

Conclusion

Memes and politics are linked. They engage people, especially younger audiences, by simplifying complex issues with humor. However, memes can spread misinformation and reinforce biases. When used wisely, they can enhance political discussions and encourage civic engagement. In short, memes can influence political conversations. Consider their impact before sharing.

References

Dawkins, R. (1976). The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press.

Kasirye, F. (2019). THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLITICAL MEMES AS A FORM OF POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AMONGST MILLENNIALS IN UGANDA. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 13(1). https://www.jesoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/KC13_032.pdf

Oakes, A. (2020, October 26). How has social media changed the US presidential election? New Digital Age. https://newdigitalage.co/social-media/how-has-social-media-changed-the-us-presidential-election/

Shifman, L. (2013). Memes in Digital Culture. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9429.001.0001

Vajpeyi, A. (2024). Role of Memes in Modern Political Discourse: The Evolution of “Pappu” | NewsClick. NewsClick. https://www.newsclick.in/role-memes-modern-political-discourse-evolution-pappu

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Week 4

Is Blogging Still Relevant in the Age of TikTok?

In a world increasingly dominated by platforms like Instagram and TikTok, many are left wondering: is blogging still a viable form of digital expression? With videos captivating audiences and keeping their attention with short clips, long-form writing might seem less appealing. But believe it or not, blogging continues to hold a vital place in our online experience. Let’s dive into why that is, and how blogs can still shine in the era of quick entertainment.

What is a Blog?

At its core, a blog is simply a website that you update regularly, filled with information on specific topics. The term "blog" is a mash-up of "web" and "log," which reflects its beginnings as an online journal. But blogs have evolved well beyond personal diaries. They can feature anything from travel stories and personal essays to insightful commentaries on the latest news and in-depth discussions on education and research (Weiner, 2022).

 One defining characteristic of blogs is their interactivity. Unlike traditional media, blogs encourage comment sections and social sharing, making them feel like living, breathing communities (Zaidi, 2025). Readers can not only engage with the content but also connect with each other, creating a richer experience.

While blogs may not be the sole outlet for self-expression anymore, they still manage to coexist with other web formats like videos and social media updates. Even in the face of TikTok’s instant entertainment, bloggers can carve out a niche by diving deep into topics (Robinson, 2020).

So, a blog isn’t just a digital diary, it’s a vibrant platform for sharing information, creating culture, and building a community around shared interests.

The Appeal of Long-Form Content

1. In-Depth Information

Even with the explosive popularity of short videos, many people crave in-depth knowledge. Some subjects like building a website, launching a business, or mastering a complex recipe simply need more than a 15-second clip to explain (Bal, 2023). Blogs are invaluable for those who seek thorough answers rather than fleeting entertainment. As one Tumblr post noted, many prefer to read complete essays rather than just skim through short snippets.

2. The Art of Creation

For lots of people, blogging is an enriching experience that allows them to express their creativity. This medium enables writers to share their stories in a much more meaningful way than quick video content typically allows. TikTok often caters to those who want instant results, while blogging opens the door to deeper self-exploration and creativity (Stephens, 2018). Tumblr emphasizes that those who write often relish the creative process involved in crafting their narratives.

3.Ownership and Control

One of the coolest things about blogging is the freedom it offers in establishing your personal brand. Bloggers have the chance to control their content and make decisions about their journey. This autonomy fosters a sense of empowerment over their work. Plus, there are plenty of ways to monetize a blog like ads, sponsorships, and collaborations are just a few examples (Hazel, 2024). In a way, starting a blog is like owning a house where you can express your style and imagination.

The Dominance of TikTok and Instagram

It’s easy to think blogging is becoming obsolete with TikTok and Instagram stealing the spotlight. After all, these platforms thrive on fast-paced, engaging videos that cater perfectly to our shorter attention spans. Content creators have adapted by shifting from writing to creating bite-sized videos to grab and keep viewers’ attention more effectively (Pavisich, 2024).

The Instant Gratification Factor

We live in an age where instant gratification is the norm. Many internet users feel overwhelmed by long, complex articles and prefer quick hits of information (Stephens, 2018). Research suggests that the constant exposure to rapid content consumption has conditioned us to seek out immediacy and brevity (Pavisich, 2024). Rather than committing to a lengthy read, scrolling through TikTok offers a way to consume content quickly and effortlessly, aligning with the desire for fast, bite-sized entertainment (Bal, 2023). As noted by Zaidi (2025), this shift towards quick consumption can lead to a diminished attention span, making it challenging for traditional long-form content to compete.

Complementing Short-Form Content

1. Cross-Promotion Opportunities

As blogging continues to evolve, short-form content has emerged as a powerful complement. With platforms like Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok gaining popularity, the appetite for quick, digestible information is stronger than ever. These platforms encourage bloggers to distill their insights into bite-sized pieces that can easily capture attention and spark interest.

2. Catering to Varied Audience Preferences

Short-form content serves as an effective teaser for longer blog posts. A well-crafted tweet or Instagram post can drive traffic to a blog by enticing followers with intriguing snippets, visuals, or questions. This approach not only boosts visibility but also encourages readership among those who may not have the time to engage with longer texts.

The Future of Blogging

In the coming times, it is very obvious that blogging will be becoming the new thing that will evolve and will go side by side with the new platforms. TikTok, as well as Instagram, contributors are more likely to adjust their build on the usage of video content or the application of social media as an instrument to bring traffic to their websites, while the platforms would become more prevalent. That flexibility will be the foundation of the presence in the digital world that will keep one standing in the ever-changing (Finnerty, 2023)

Conclusion

In conclusion, the future of blogging looks promising as it adapts to the changing landscape of digital communication. By embracing niche topics, multimedia elements, and complementary short-form content, bloggers can remain relevant and connected with their audiences in this dynamic digital age.

References

Finnerty, K. (2023, November 16). From Blogging to Vlogging: The Evolution of Social Media Influencers. Medium. https://medium.com/@Kevin_Finnerty_Gabagool/from-blogging-to-vlogging-the-evolution-of-social-media-influencers-c42bd402fd81

Hazel. (2024, June 19). Blogging vs Vlogging: Which One Is Better? Www.hypotenuse.ai. https://www.hypotenuse.ai/blog/blogging-vs-vlogging

Pavisich, A. (2024, August 21). What are the benefits of integrating social media with your blog? Www.linkedin.com. https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/what-benefits-integrating-social-media-your

Robinson, R. (2020, January 3). History of Blogging: How Blogging Has Evolved (1993 to 2020). RyRob.com: A Blog by Ryan Robinson | Learn How to Blog and Make Money on the Internet. https://www.ryrob.com/history-of-blogging/

Stephens, K. (2018). Social media trends and predictions. Languagewire.com. https://www.languagewire.com/en/blog/social-media-trends

Weiner, A. (2022, December 6). What is a blog? Definition, types, benefits and why you need one. Wix Blog. https://www.wix.com/blog/what-is-a-blog

Zaidi, S. (2025, February). The Evolution of Blogging - S. Zaidi - Medium. Medium. https://medium.com/@s.93/the-evolution-of-blogging-e8e5404bc1cd

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The Role of Tumblr in the Digital Public Sphere

If you’ve spent any time on Tumblr, you know it’s not your typical social media platform. Since its launch in 2007, Tumblr has carved out a unique niche as both a space for personal expression and a lively social hub. Unlike many other platforms that prioritize polished content and structured interactions, Tumblr thrives on creativity and spontaneity. But is it still a relevant player in the digital public sphere today?

A Unique Space for Expression

What really sets Tumblr apart? It’s the short-form blogging format that allows users to create personalized feeds filled with diverse content. By following various blogs, you curate your own little corner of the internet—a live newsfeed reflecting your interests. This sense of community is evident as users reblog, like, and comment on each other’s posts, fostering connection (Karp, 2007). However, the flip side is that political discussions can become tricky. Many users hesitate to engage in deeper conversations, worried about online backlash and how it might affect their real-life interactions (Kruse, Norris, & Flinchum, 2018). This often leads to an insular experience, as people retreat into “hug boxes,” interacting only with those who share their views, which can stifle critical discourse.

The Dynamics of Political Discourse

Despite these tensions, Tumblr also has significant potential as a platform for political expression and activism. Users can creatively convey their thoughts on the issues that matter to them, driving engagement and fostering social change without the need for formal organization (Jenkins, 2006; Loader & Mercea, 2011). It’s evolved into more than just a microblogging site, it’s become a breeding ground for activism. That said, we can’t ignore that the platform is often perceived as a light-hearted space. Serious discussions can get derailed, turning into petty arguments that divert attention from the constructive dialogues that could truly benefit the community.

Recent Changes and Their Impact

As Tumblr has grown, it hasn’t been without its struggles. The 2018 ban on adult content was a major turning point that shook the platform, resulting in a decline in traffic and raising questions about the site’s commitment to openness and diversity of expression (Tumblr, 2018). Still, Tumblr maintains a robust user base that actively engages in a wide array of topics. Its ability to adapt to changing expectations while promoting dialogue shows that it isn’t going away anytime soon. Even in these tighter constraints, discussions continue, highlighting the resilience of its community. On discussing issues and connecting with those who are like-minded even though the space they occupy is tight at times.

Conclusion: Striving for Civil Discourse

In the end, Tumblr is a vibrant and dynamic part of the digital public sphere. Being involved in its community offers opportunities for personal expression and meaningful connections. However, tackling the challenge of maintaining civil discourse is essential. To get the most out of what Tumblr has to offer, users should strive for open, respectful discussions that include a variety of perspectives.

 By fostering productive exchanges, we can cultivate a more inclusive atmosphere where everyone has a voice. As the platform evolves, it will be vital to harness its power as a space for public opinion and dialogue. So let’s embrace Tumblr for all it can be beyond just a canvas for creativity, it can also be a platform for honest conversations that showcase the rich tapestry of human experiences. What do you think? How can we make Tumblr a better space for all? Let’s keep the conversation going!

References

https://www.howstuffworks.com/hsw-contact.htm. (2012, September 4). How Tumblr Works. HowStuffWorks. https://computer.howstuffworks.com/tumblr.htm

Jenkins, H. (2006). Henry Jenkins Convergence Culture Where Old and New Media Collide. https://www.dhi.ac.uk/san/waysofbeing/data/communication-zangana-jenkins-2006.pdf

Kruse, L. M., Norris, D. R., & Flinchum, J. R. (2018). Social Media as a Public Sphere? Politics on Social Media. The Sociological Quarterly, 59(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2017.1383143

Loader, B. D., & Mercea, D. (2011). Networking democracy? Social media innovations and participatory politics. Information, Communication & Society, 14(6), 757–769.

Shedden, D. (2015, February 19). Today in Media History: David Karp and Marco Arment launched Tumblr in 2007. Poynter. https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2015/today-in-media-history-david-karp-and-marco-arment-launched-tumblr-in-2007/

Shirky, C. (2008). HERE COMES EVERYBODY THE POWER OF ORGANIZING WITHOUT ORGANIZATIONS CLAY SHIRKY ALLEN LANE an imprint of PENGUIN BOOKS. https://techofcomm.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/here_comes_everybody_power_of_organizing_without_organizations.pdf

Tumblr Staff. (2018, December 3). Tumblr Staff. https://staff.tumblr.com/post/180758987165/a-better-more-positive-tumblr/