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Paradoks komemoracije antifašizma citiranjem Ljotićevih pesama (The Paradox of Commemorating antifascism with Ljotić Poetry)

Svečana akademija Srbije, povodom Dana pobede, kojoj je prisustvovao čitav državni vrh, ove godine je zapamćena zbog momenta koji su mnogi nazvali skandalom. Naime, na događaju su se rectiovale pesme fašističke organizacije ,,Zbor” Dimitrija Ljotića ,,Mrtvi niste”, ,,Svi za jednoga”, i ,,Mi znamo borbu što nas čeka”.

Dimitrije Ljotić je osnovao Jugoslovenski narodni pokret, kasnije poznat kao “Zbor”, skraćeno od ,,Združena borbena organizacija rada”. Ovaj pokret je u vreme Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1929. godine proglašen ilegalnim, jer se ideologija ovog pokreta nije slagala sa stavovima tadašnjeg kralja Aleksandra I. Nemačka je preko tadašnjeg ambasadora u Jugoslaviji, Viktora fon Herena, pružala finansijsku pomoć “Zboru”. Ovaj pokret nije bio popularan među stanovništvom u Srbiji, van određenih pristalica srednje klase i studenata koji su bili desničari. S obzirom da je Zbor desničarski pokret, podržan od strane Nacističke Nemačke, ova ograničena podrška nije zapanjujuća, s obzirom da je Srbija u to vreme bila poprilično “anti-nemački” raspoložena. Najveći broj Srba odbacivao je nacističke i fašističke ideje. Dimitrije Ljotić nije popularna ličnost u Srbiji zbog svojih pronemačkih simpatija i verskog fanatizma. Za njega njegove pristalice su pričale da je, parafraziram, “mislio Hristom”, s obzirom da je isticao crkvenost kao najbitniju stvar, te je na taj način predstavljao svoje ideje. Baš jedna od njegovih aktivnosti bila je brošura iz 1938. godine pod nazivom Drama savremenog čovečanstva, gde je napisao da je “jevrejstvo najveće zlo sadašnjosti”.

Kada se osvrnemo na ove istorijske podatke, može se vrlo lako zapaziti paradoks ove komemoracije. Dan pobede je međunarodni dan koji obeležava pobedu nad fašizmom, samim tim i kraj Drugog svetskog rata, 09.05.1945. godine. Na taj dan, svake godine se održavaju manifestacije kojima se odaje počast žrtvama koji su stradali zbog ovog režima. Ovakav dan bi trebalo da služi kao primer svim prošlim i budućim generacijama kuda je jedna ovakva ideologija mogla da odvede. Bitno je znati kakvu poruku ovakav dan nosi i primetiti revizije istorije poput ove. Najidealnije bi bilo kada niko ne bi pokušavao da izvede reviziju istorije i ostavi je onakvom kakva je. Međutim, ljudi to danas rade ili da bi opravdali neke stvari koje se danas osuđuju, ili da bi, jer podržavaju neku istorijsku ličnost, pokušali da je predstave u najboljem mogućem svetlu, ili jer ni sami ne mogu priznati sebi da je i njihova država počinila neko loše delo, ili barem je imala takve ljude u njoj. Dan pobede je primer svim generacijama da se ovakve stvari koje su se desile zbog fašističkog režima ne smeju ponoviti. Treba sačuvati anti-fašističko nasleđe kroz generacije. Slaviti Dan pobede nad fašizmom citiranjem pesama koje su od udruženja koje je i samo bilo fašistički nastrojeno, ne samo da je paradoksalno, već i uvreda prema žrtvama ove ideologije, kojima se, navodno, odaje počast.

English version

The Solemn Academy of Serbia, on the Victory day, 9th May, 2021. where the whole National Leadership attended, this year was remembered because of the moment which many people called scandalous. There were a few recitations of the poems at the event that were viewed as problematic: those certain poems are the poems of the fascistic organization “Zbor” (Rally, eng.) by Dimitrije Ljotic, those poems were “You are not dead”, “All for one” and “We know the fight that is waiting for us”. Dimitrije Ljotic created the Yugoslavian National organization, later knowns as “Zbor”, the short version of “Združena borbena organizacija rada” (United active labour organization, eng.). This organization was during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 1929. proclaimed as illegal, because the ideology of Zbor opposed the ideology of the King Alexandar I. Germany sent the financial support to the organization through the german ambassador at that time, Viktor von Heren. This organization wasn’t exactly popular in Serbia, besides some middle class citizens and some right wing oriented students. Zbor was a right wing oriented organization that was supported by the Nazi Germany, while the people of Serbia were rather “anti-Germany” oriented at that time, so it was no surprising why that organization was not popular. His supporters said that he “thought with Christ”, since he put a lot of attention on religion, actually, he thought of Christian religion as a most important thing and he presented his ideas on that way. Among Ljotić's anti-Jewish propaganda activity was a brochure from 1938 entitled Drama savremenog čovečanstva (Drama of Modern Humanity), where he wrote that "Judaism is the greatest evil of the present”.

When we take a look at these historical facts, we can easily notice the paradox of this commemoration. The Victory Day is an international day where the people are celebrating the victory against fascism, as well as the end of the World War II, 09th May, 1945. On every 9th May, there are many manifestations where people are showing the respect to the people who were victims of the war, as well as the fascistic ideology. This day should be seen as an example to all of the previous and the future generations, and that is the example of what are the consequences of fascism. It is important to know the message that this day is sending to us all and to notice the revisions of history such as this one. It would be ideal if no one ever tried to do a revision on historical facts and to live the past the way it is/was. Unfortunately, many people do this today to justify the actions that are being judged today, or because they support some historical figure and that way they are trying to present that person in the best way possible, or because they can’t accept that their country did the crimes in the past or, at least, had political figures who did that. The Victory day is an example to every generation that these things should never happen again. People should keep the anti-fascistic legacy and pass it on every next generation. To celebrate the Victory day against fascism while reciting the poems of the organization who was a fascistic organization itself, is not only a paradox, but it is also offending to all of the victims of that ideology, to whom we pay respect.

These mistakes can easily manipulate the situation in the favor of some people, who would want to falsify the historical facts, because of some reasons that were already mentioned. The tings that happened in the World War II should serve as a warning to the generations that were born at that time, after that time, and those who will be born. This is important today, so that we can notice the revision of history and to prevent it from happening. I can’t tell if the people allowed this on purpose or not, but the outcome is the same and that is the attempt of changing of historical facts and values that we learn from.

Sources/izvori:

http://www.mod.gov.rs/lat/17373/svecana-akademija-povodom-dana-pobede-u-narodnom-pozoristu-17373 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrije_Ljoti%C4%87 http://www.novo-videlo.com/povodom-sedamdesetogodisnjice-smrti-dimitrija-ljotica/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrije_Ljoti%C4%87