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Ang CIPP at Taglay Nitong Hakbangin, Pagpapabuti ng Kurikulum ang Nais Taluntunin

Kung ako ay pipili ng isang kurikulum na epektibo sa pagtukoy ng naging pamantayan at aktuwal na implementasyon o pagsasakatuparan ay masasabi kong mas akma ang Discrepancy Evaluation Model ni Provus. Partikular na ang Modelong CIPP ni Stufflebeam. Dahil sa ganang akin, epektibo itong gamitin lalo na sa konteksto ng edukasyon na mayroon ang Pilipinas. Ang CIPP o Context, Input, Process at Product ang magsisilbing hakbangin upang tukuyin kung naging matagumpay nga ba ang kurikulum sa layunin at implementasyon nito.

Sa konteksto ng Filipino, masusukat ang Input kung nagamit ba ng husto ang mga yamang akdang pampanitikan na mayroon tayo, kung may kinilala at tumatak ba ang iba’t ibang kilalang akda at may-akda sa mga bata. Masasabi rin na matagumpay ito kung natumbok at nakita nito ang pangangailangan ng lipunan. Kung napagbulay-bulayan ba ang mga isyu at napapanahong problema bilang parte ng pagtalakay sa paaralan. Samantala, makikita naman ang ebalwasyon ng proseso, kung nagawang maitala ang naganap na hamon at nagawa rin na itala ang mga pamamaraan kung paano nalagpasan ito. Maaaring sa kagamitan, guro o mag-aaral. At ang pinakahuli naman ay ang pagtimbang ng naging produkto. Sa Konteksto ng Filipino, kung nakamit ba ng mga bata ang kasanayang dapat nilang taglayin matapos ang pagtalakay sa isang paksa. At kung madadala at magagamit ba nila ito paglabas ng silid-aralan.

Sa ganitong uri ng ebalwasyon o pagtataya ng isang kurikulum makikita ang tinatawag na expectation vs. reality. Dahil dito mababakas kung masyado bang Malaki ang agwat ng nabuong kurikulum sa naging resulta ng implementasyon nito. At sa tulong ng makukuhang resulta, ito ay maaaring magamit upang maging inobatibo sa pagbuo at pagbabago ng isang kurikulum, at siguraduhing tumatalima ito hindi lang bilang isang kahingian kundi isang buhay na gabay ng mga guro at mag-aaral sa kanilang paglalakbay.

[itsrolyyyy]

Sagot sa Pagpapayamang Maka-Filipino ang Edukasyong Kontekstuwalisado

Masyado ng malawak ang hangarin ng kurikulum na mayroon ang Pilipinas ngayon. Pinopondohan ng gobyerno ang pagbili ng lupain upang patayuan ng bagong paaralan dito sa kanayunan, ngunit nakababagabag sa damdamin na kung gaano naglalakihan ang establisyemento sa kamaynilaan ay siya namang panggigipit at pagpapasara ng edukasyon para sa Lumad maging ang kanilang paaralan. Dala ng patuloy na militarisasyon at pangangamkam ng lupain ay wala silang magawa kundi ito ay lisanin.

Sa kanilang paglisan ay tangan naman nila ang pusong nagsusumikap matuto. Sa kanilang simpleng pamumuhay at sirko ng buhay estudyante ay mas nakita ko kung ano at para kanino ng aba dapat ang isang kurikulum. Mga silid nila ay walang magarbong disenyo, ngunit alam nilang ang edukasyon at sistema ng pagbuo nito ay nararapat na makamasa at walang pinipiling estado. Kung tutuusin sila ay kapos sa kagamitan dala ng kakulangan ng pagtugon ng gobyerno, ngunit makikita na ang kurikulum na kanilang nabuo at iniimplementa ay tuon parin sa pagiging Makabayan, gamit ang natutunan ay handing iaalay para sa pagbabago at pagsukli sa bayan. Bakas din sa kanilang ang pagiging malay sa lipunan, dito ay masasabi kong matagumpay at dapat tularan ang kurikulum na kanilang nabuo, hindi man kumplikado ang proseso ngunit alam nila kung paano susuriin sitwasyon ng lipunang ginagalawan. Gamay ang paghimay ng mga pagkatutong magagamit sa tunay na buhay. Higit pa riyan ay ang naging midyum nila ng pagtuturo, kung paanong mas tiningala ang paggamit ng Filipino dahil taglay nito ang pagiging dinamiko na maaaring magamit sa kahit anong konteksto at kagyat na halimbawa upang mas mabisa ang pagkatuto.

Ang kurikulum na nabuo ng Lumad Bakwit School ay patunay lamang na di kailangan hanguin sa dayuhan ang paraan sa pagpapatakbo ng paaralan, mas marapat na isaalang-alang ang kakayahang nitong maging makamasa, siyentipiko at Makabayan na lapat sa kultura at Wikang Filipino upang ang sa huli mga batang pangarap para sa bayan ang siyang magabayan.

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Blog no. 4 Short Stories

Short Story no. 1 The Piece of String by Guy De Maupassant

The story was all about a peasant named Maitre Hauchecome who picked piece of string a long the path, and later on accused of picking a missing pocketbook only because he was saw nearby pickint out something. The whole village doesn't believe that he is innocent and the only thing that he picked from the ground was just a piece of string. Until his very last breath, he is trying to convince people about 'the piece of string, the piece of string'.

For me it was a very sad story, because it really felt so hard to know that no one believes you despite of all the courage you take just to clear your name. It felt really bad that the whole village turn its back on you, that they make fun of you because they think you are lying even if in fact you know yourself the truth. Just like in our everyday lives, there are things that other people will not understand, because they only believe what has been told to them by others. Those kind of people does not deserve any explanation because they are blind and deaf about the truth. And in order for us to just continue living, we must ignore such things for us to live freely and unburdenedly.

Short Story no. 2 The Masque of the Red Death by Edgar Allan Poe

The story goes like this, there are rumors that Red Death is roaming around the town and killing almost everybody, when Prince Prospero found out about that, he does not seem to care a bit, even if half of his people already died, instead he hosted a masquearade party. All the plans was clean and smooth, like welded gates so no one can enter or exit during party. In the venue there are 7 rooms where guests can enter. But during midnight, an unvited guests came, Prince Prospero followed him up to the 7th room which is Black room, and when the unfamiliar guests turned aroud, Prince Prospero died, the same with the people during that night. It was the Red Death.

The message of the story seems to be all about fate, fate of death. Because death is inevitable, even if we refuse to die, the death is the one that will haunt us. The seven rooms somehow represents the stages of life such as birth, adolescence up to death. All of us will encompass those, and we will enter the last room. Instead of wasting our time on how to escape from death, why don't we just spend time wisely, let us all treasure moments in every stage of life we are in. Because Life is just the transition of birth to death, so let us all make this life valuable.

Short Story no. 3 The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Gabriel Garcia Marquez and Hernan Diaz

The story began by the chidrens playing along the shore saw a body covered with scales and seaweeds. The man was confirmed to be already dead and other men in that village ask their neighborhood if the body was theirs. The village was just a small village with small houses and plain color, there was no even flowers. That is why it became so hard to find someone to open their house for the drowned man because he is so tall. But then a woman claimed his body as theirs when she saw his figure, a very handsome man , and they named him Esteban. They let the body float on the sea because they cannot bury him. After that the village decided to make their house bigger, and painted walls and even planted flowers, so when people passes by they can tell that "it was Esteban's village".

The moral of the story was all about the inspiration given by the dead man to tge villagers only because he was different and more masculine than other men. It is really true if you have that trait and power to change others, you can do it. Even if you are already dead, if yoy carry that hope or epitome of something, it's either you'll become a compass or a magnet. Compass to lead them for a better change and magnet, for you to attract people by your good feature. If you truly is a great influence, you can make people such extraordinary things.

Short Story no. 4 God sees the Truth but Waits by Leo Tolstoy

The story was all about a merchant accused of killing one of his co-merchant only because evidence are telling it was him. Despite knowing the truth himself, he still trust the lord. Upon spending twenty-six years in prison, another batch came and there he found the one who trully murdered that man. He did not confront him because there is no point arguing anymore. He already spent most of his kife inside, he just want to make it peaceful. He became the 'saint' inside, just like a peace maker. And when time came the he was found not guilty, he was already dead.

What's the moral with this one? I think it is all about trusting the Lord with all your might. Maybe God tested him but look with tge outcome, yes he was not beside his family but he was the 'saint'of the prison. He build another family there where God's will is only important to him. He could actually kill the real murdered but he rather saved him. The main point is that, there are certain things that we do not understand as of the moment, and when hard times come we tend to put the decision on our hands which is wrong. Because upon those pressuring moments God is working on something, something that will strengthen your faith and test how devoted you are. You can carry a burden but do not let that burden sit on yoy forever. Always trust God, because he is the only one who knows it all.

Short Story no. 5 A War by Luigi Pirandello

It is all about the story of husband and wife boading on a train. A wife with grief because his only son was being sent into the war, little did they know most of the passengers of the train also has the same situation like them. Until they talked to this man, whose only son is also sent to war and died, the man throws lot of encouragement and words of hope to cheer up the mother, but in fact he is intellectualizing the deatgh of his son, not being used to alone and thinking that his son was gone long time ago.

If we will look to this story closely, we can say that that the parents are really strong to endure the pain of risking the lives of their sons for country. They developed the greatest part of patriotism. But then, as a parent it is really hard to be apart from your son not knowing if he will come back alive or not. The mind can fool ourselves but emotions will not. Maybe we can think of so many reasons and word of hopes to fill our longing but the emotions will do the opposite. Sometimes the only way to accept things is to feel its sorrow first until the pain slowly wash away.

Short Story no. 6 Eveline by James Joyce

The story of Eveline shows how hard it is to make a big decision that neither lead you to success or fail. Upon making decision, we must think a thousand times of what things we must regard before we finally put a dot on it. Eveline has a choice, either to go with frank or stay with his father as a dutiful daughter. When Frank is already reaching for her hand, she just stands still and motionless, not being able to know if he will cling with him or not.

Eveline portrays the person that doesn't have the consistency in making decisions. For me, leaving our parents behind means disrespecting them, even if they have done so much bad, it is still not worth it to leave them by themselves. Another one is that, we should not let the past shatter our future, in decision making, if we still continue to cling on to the preciouse things that happened to us we will not give ourselves the freedom to face what is beyond there. Another one is that, if we ask for God's guidance through prayer let us also ask for him to hold our hand while we take that path, because sometimes we just ask him but we really don't have the plan of choosing what he has prepared for us. Let us not cling onto circle or repitition of life, but rather make a difference using all the courage we have.

[itsrolyyyy]

Blog no. 3 Oedipus Rex

Oedipus Rex is a tragedic story written by Sophocles, the story revolves on the fate of Oedipus to kill his own father and marry his own mother.

At first , for me the story seems so weird, I cannot imagine a son becoming a husband of his own mother, truly it was an incest. But before that happened, it was already fated. Because when Jocasta and Laius found out that fate when he was still a baby they left them to die. Luckily Oedipus survived and on his way to Thebes he killed his own father without him knowing. Upon knowing all of those truth, both Jocasa and Oedipus cannot handle it. That's why Jocasa hanged herself and Oedipus gouges his eyes. That was really terrible ending up marrying your own son who is the killer of your own husband, maybe Jocasta felt so doomed that time, she felt like a dirty woman.

It was a very sad story, his fate really haunted him no matter what happen. Even if he tries to avoid it, it was tha fate himself comes nearer to him.

[itsrolyyyy]

Blog # 2 Sohrab and Rustam, Troy and The Odyssey

The epic poem Suhrab and Rustam by the persian poet Ferdawsi is an example of filicide story where it portrays killing of one's son.

It was really a tragic story for Suhrab, because he is giving all of his best in every fight to achieve fame and hopefully it will reach his father's ears. Wanting to meet his long lost father with pride as a greatest warrior. Ofcourse his dream of meeting his father was achieved, but it happened during his last few breathe. Just like some telenovelas I have watched, the one who won the battle have the greatest regrets.

I feel sad that Sohrab died on his father's hand. His longing for love was replaced by grieve. In relation to Filipino families or even families around thw world, this story was exactly the opposit of how the father cares for their son/daughter.Upon reading this, I remember the painting that I saw while i'm scrolling on internet, it also conveys the same meaning, father killing his own son because of having an argument. All in all, it was such sad story after all, hoping that someone might take the lesson of knowing who the real enemy is before making them bleed.

| Troy |

The Illiad is an epic poem made my ancient Greek poet Homer. The poem recounts the siege of city because of thr Greek alliance.

Personally, it is my first time to watch a movie like this being adopted from the poem. The characters like Achilles, Agamemnon, Helen, Hector and Paris really portrays different personalities. I love how the story flows, but I don't like the part the Helen actually become the reason for the Greek alliance to attack the city of troy, all in all it was because of Paris' decision. Achilles, even though was not recognized for his bravery and strong body by leaders of greek alliance, he still help greeks to defeat the Troy. At first no soft spot can be seen on his personality, but it appears slowly when he met Briseis, which becomes the reason for Paris to shot his heel. Truly that Greek alliance are really wise. Wise on terms of techniques, weapons and deceiving their enemy just like what they did with the trojan horse, I really like that idea. But there's a part of me that was sad when I saw Priam having teary eyed watching his city burn, it was really hurtful for a person to see all the things he had founded turn slowly in to ashes.

I understand that all of them just need to protect their own interest and it's a battle, and one rule in battle is that one should win and one should lose. Nevertheless, Trojans still deserve a salute for their braveness to fight still and remain their walls standing as they are.

| The Odyssey |

The Odyssey is a sequel to the Illiad also made by the ancient Greek poet Homer. This story is all about Odysseus returning home from the battle in Troy to his home Ithaca.

He leave his wife Penelope and son Telemachus. When he was busy finding his way home, Penelope his wife had so many suitors wanting to be in Odysseus' place. But I adore how Penelope remain so strong not to choose immediately because she is so hopeful that Odysseus is still alive despite the rumors that he is already dead. I also admire how his son put such an effort to go to Melenaus and look for his father, because he doesn't want to carry to sickening burden that he and his mother are being fed by fakes news that Odysseus is already dead. On the other hand, Odysseus also remain so strong and hopeful to come back to Ithaca because he want to see his family again, despite the challenges that comes across him just like how Circe turn most of mens into animals, being captivated by Calypso in Calypso's Island and Poseidon's anger that wrecked his handmade ship. I understand Poseidon's anger, he just wan Odysseus to learn his lesson that without Gods, mortals like him are nothing. I can relate that to us christians, because most of us believes that it is God that makes us what we are now and we should be thankful for the light that he is showing.

All in all, the best lesson that I picked out from Odysseus journey is that, do not lose hope even if a lot of battles are raging you, and on your journey do not forget to ask God to guide you no matter what.

[itsrolyyyy]

Blog no. 1 "Gilgamesh" and "Rubaiyat" by Omar Khayyam

Upon reading one of the oldest epic in the world which is Gilgamesh, I can say that I am truly overwhelmed with the type of character he is possessing. Being arrogant and full of himself can make a negative image not until he met and treat Enkidu as they surpass adventures to his aim of becoming immortal.

For me, there's a lot of lesson to reflect after reading this. First is that life is full of adventures, we can face a lot of struggles but what important is that we stick with our goals. Next is that, no man is an island, Gilgamesh did not expect Enkidu to enter his life but unexpectedly they really get along well and they build such a strong bond like real brothers does, similar to life people come unexpectedly and the thing that we need to do is to treasure and make the most out of the moment with them, we must gaining and cherish memories because we never know when they will go. And lastly, death is inevitable, we will all surpass to this stage, I've learned that we cannot escape from it, instead we must prepare for it in a way that we are valuing the essence of living. Yes, Gilgamesh did not attain his main goal directly, but for the people he served for he will live forever in their hearts and I think that is what really matters the legacy we are leaving.

"The song is ended, but the melody lingers on" -Irving Berlin

| Rubaiyat |

The poem Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam is a poem that carries heavy symbolism and old english languae that somehow make me hard to understand its underlying meaning.

"Carpe Diem" also means "seize the moment", I think that's main point of the poem, it is about forgetting tomorrow and only living for today because the poem tackled that life here on earth is finite, it will going to end soon. We can find lots of temporary escapes but it will only lead us to realizing that now is more important.

And I think it also tackles about fate or destiny. In life we are offered lots of paths to take but through seeking the meaning of life in religion, we end up knowing that God is writing our fate through time meaning, we cannot change what we have already done but while there is still a time, we can internalize those deeds and there's a chance for us to think of what we can still do and with that we can seize the moment in a different way.