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Tempat Kulakan Jilbab Dan Gamis Di Temanggung

Di toko ini anda bisa membeli jilbab harga murah model paling kekinian. FahruniHijab.com merupakan supplier hijab dan busana muslimah yang menyediakan model terbaru dan kekinian dengan harga murah. Fahruni Hijab Store ke seluruh Indonesia bahkansampai ke luar negeri. Anda sedang mencari jilbab murah? Kalau Anda berkeinginan untuk mulai berbisnis kerudung atau baju wanita muslim, inilah beberapa rekomendasi kami untuk mendapatkan barang baik hijab maupun baju dengan harga partai termurah. Toko eceran jilbab atau kerudung adalah usaha yang menarik sekali untuk digarap. Di samping, dapat dibilang ini adalah salah satu peluang usaha yang tidak ada matinya. Bukan rahasia lagi bahwa semua wanita muslim tentunya membutuhkan jilbab atau kerudung. Selain berjilbab adalah sebuah kewajiban setiap muslimah yaitu bagian dari menutup aurat, jilbab menjadi sebuah trend fashion tersendiri sehingga muslimah tetap bisa tampil anggun dan cantik tanpa meninggalkan syariat Islam. Coba anda lihat mulai dari pasar tradisional , pusat perbelanjaan besar sampai dengan pedagang kaki lima di pinggir jalan yang menjajakan jilbab murah pasti banyak karena mereka memperoleh barang dari distributor tangan pertama. Bagaimana pakah anda tertarik untuk berjualan ecerankerudung& kerudung jika telah mengetahui tempat belanja hijab & kerudung yang paling murah? Baiklah, kalau ini adalah pertama kalinya Anda ingin memulai bisnis jilbab sebaiknya anda mencari info sebanyak-banyaknya mungkin seputar peluang usaha ini, misalnya seberapa banyak modal yang diperlukan, model apa yang paling laris, bagaimana cara menjualnya sampai dengan dimana tempat belanja grosir jilbab murahnya. Pertimbangan tersebut tentunya sangat penting bagi Anda grosir jilbab di saat awal merintis bisnis. Jangan sampai karena hanya tertarik dengan keuntungannya, Anda lupa memperhitungkan faktor lainnya. Sebenarnya inti dari sebuahusaha adalah tentang mengatur pasar atau orang di sekitar menjadi customer dengan cara penjualan dan tentang memanage supplier, yaitu bagaimana kita menjalin kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan dengan distributor. Salah satu saran buat Anda yang ingin memulai bisnis jilbab di daerah adalah dengan berbelanja ke distributor jilbab online, yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store. Produk berkualitas dan dengan harga termurah. Tahu Kenapa? Karena kebanyakan diperoleh dari produsen langsung yang datang dari konveksi. Tentunya untuk belanja langsung Anda perlu banyak pertimbangan, misalnya waktu, biaya dan efektifitas serta tenaga. Yang paling efektif buat Anda adalah dengan berbelanja grosir melalui cara online, disapmping murah, bisnis Andapun dapat lebih mudah beroperasi. Ada sedikit tips buat Anda, berbelanja jilbab murah lewat online, pilih online shop yang telah menjalankan usahanya lebih dari setahun, beralamat yang jelas, salah satunya bisa dicek di google map. Supaya anda bisa lebih aman, jangan lupa minta rekomendasi toko online dari teman atau saudara yang sudah terbiasa belanja di toko online. Masih takut berburu toko online grosir hijab murah yang amanah? Jangan takut , Anda bisa memilih online shop grosir jilbab murah dan terpercaya ini yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store, pilihannya lengkap, kualitasnya juga pilihan terbaik selain itu juga pelayanannya sangat memuaskan. Ok , segera mulai usaha daganghijab Anda dengan mendapatkan supplier grosir kerudung murah Anda, dan gunakan juga tipsnya. Pusat Jual Grosir kerudung Terbaru. Bagi Anda penggemar fashion busana muslim tentu tidak ingin ketinggalan informasi tentang model hijab terbaru. Mengikuti tren jilbab terkini dapat dilakukan dengan tetap menghemat anggaran. Pusat jual grosir hijab terbaru kini mudah dijumpai. kota-kota besar seringkali mempunya lebih dari satu mall. Di sana, konsumen bisa dengan gampang mengunjungi satu kios hanya untuk membandingkan harga dan kualitas dagangan. Pusat grosir kerudung terbaru menawarkan barang dengan desain yang selalu berganti dengan harga bersaing. Cocok buat Anda yang mau tampil kekinian dan semakin cantik. Konveksi atau rumah produksi hijab juga dapat menjadi opsi untuk belanja grosir. Pembelian dalam jumalh banyak dengan harga pabrik akan membuat anggaran bisa ditekan, malah berpeluang mendatangkan keuntungan dengan menjual kembali produk-produk itu. Kabar baiknya, jenis usaha tersebut relatif gampang karena cukup banyak produsen yang tidak mensyaratkan modal banyak untuk bisa menjadi reseller. Ada banyak opsi di pusat jual grosir hijab. kerudung yang sangat diminati diantaranya kerudung instan berbagai bentuk seperti bergo instan, hoodie instan, dan khimar. Bergo yang sebelumnya identik dengan tampilan simpel kini dibuat dengan aksen yang lebih cantik dan menarik dengan tetap menerapkan kelebihan utamanya, yaitu bersifat praktis. Begitu juga dengan hoodie. Jika pada awalnya hoodie bernuansa santai dan sporty, sekarang model ini dipermanis dengan aksen sejenis border, sehingga bisa dikenakan untuk acara formal. Khimar juga dibuat dengan beragam detail yang menarik, seperti lapisan tumpuk ataupun bagian belakang yang jauh lebih panjang dari bagian depan, dikenal dengan nama khimar penguin. Pabrik juga banyak membuat dengan istilah jilbab bolak-balik dan 2 in 1. Dengan 1 hijab, Anda dapat tampil dengan dua model atau lebih. Kerudung segi empat juga ikut mendapat sentuhan kreatif para produsen. Saat ini jilbab segiempat bermotif penuh sedang sangat diminati. Bahkan di setiap sudutnya mempunyai motif berbeda yang membuat Anda seperti memiliki beberapa kerudung. Fahruni Hijab Store berlokasi di Temanggung, melayani pengiriman ke seluruh Indonesia bahkan luar negeri. Harga Kami termurah dan model jilbab terbaru langsung dari konveksinya. Lebih Murah….? Anda bisa langsung bandingkan dengan yang lain, harga, kwalitas dan bahannya.

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Supplier Kerudung Model Kekinian di Temanggung

Harga Kami termurah dan model hijab terbaru langsung dari konveksinya. Jika dulunya hoodie bernuansa santai dan sporty, kini model ini dipermak dengan aksen seperti border, sehingga bisa dipakai untuk acara resmi. Khimar juga dibuat dengan beragam detail yang menarik, seperti lapisan tumpuk ataupun bagian belakang yang menjuntai jauh lebih panjang dari bagian depan, disebut dengan nama khimar penguin. Demikian halnya dengan hoodie. Bukan rahasia lagi bahwa semua muslimah pasti butuh hijab atau kerudung. Di toko ini anda bisa mendapatkan kerudung harga murah facebook jilbab model paling kekinian. FahruniHijab.com merupakan toko grosiran jilbab dan busana wanita muslim yang menawarkan desain paling baru dan kekinian dengan harga murah. kota besar seringkali mempunya lebih dari satu mall. Produk berkualitas dan dengan harga termurah. Selain itu, bisa dikatakan ini merupakan sebuah peluang bisnis yang tidak ada matinya. Konveksi atau rumah produksi kerudung juga bisa menjadi opsi untuk belanja grosir. Dengan 1 hijab, Anda bisa tampil dengan 2 model atau lebih. Pembelian dalam jumalh banyak dengan harga pabrik akan menyelamatkan anggaran, malah berpotensi mendatangkan profit dengan menjual kembali produk-produk tersebut. Kerudung segiempat juga tidak luput dari sentuhan kreasi para produsen. Biar anda dapat lebih aman, mintalah rekomendasi toko online dari teman atau saudara yang sudah terbiasa belanja di toko online. Masih takut berburu toko online grosir hijab murah yang amanah? Jangan takut , Anda bisa pilih online shop grosir kerudung murah dan terpercaya ini yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store, produknya banyak, berkualitas selain itu juga pelayanannya sangat memuaskan. Ok , segera mulai usaha daganghijab Anda dengan menemukan distributor grosir jilbab murah Anda, dan gunakan juga tipsnya. Pusat Jual Grosir hijab Terbaru. Kabar baiknya, jenis usaha ini relatif mudah karena banyak sekali konveksi yang tidak mensyaratkan modal banyak untuk menjadi reseller. Ada banyak pilihan di pusat jual grosir hijab. Disamping berhijab memang sebuah kewajiban bagi setiap muslimah yaitu bagian dari menutup aurat, jilbab menjadi suatu trend mode tersendiri sehingga muslimah tetap dapat tampil anggun dan cantik dengan tidak meninggalkan syariat Islam. Coba anda lihat mulai dari pasar tradisional , pusat perbelanjaan besar sampai dengan penjual kaki lima di pasar kaget yang menjajakan jilbab murah pasti banyak sekali karena mereka mendapatkan barang dari supplier tangan pertama. Mengikuti tren hijab terkini dapat dilakukan tanpa membuat anggaran menjadi bengkak. Bergo yang sebelumnya identik dengan tampilan sederhana kini dibuat dengan aksen yang lebih cantik dan menarik tanpa meninggalkan kelebihan utamanya, yaitu sifat praktisnya. Yang paling mudah buat Anda adalah dengan berbelanja grosir melalui cara online, disapmping simpel, bisnis Andapun bisa lebih mudah beroperasi. Ada beberapa tips bagi Anda, belanja jilbab murah lewat online, pastikan distributor yang anda pilih sudah berjalan lumayan lama misalnya setahun atau lebih, mempunyai alamat yang jelas, salah satunya bisa dilihat di google map. Sehingga anda dapat membuat perhitungan yang maksimal sebelum memulainya. Pada dasarnya inti dari sebuahusaha yaitu bagaimana cara manage pasar atau orang di sekitar menjadi pembeli dengan sistem penjualan serta tentang memanage distributor, yaitu bagaimana kita bekerjasama yang saling menguntungkan dengan distributor. Salah satu saran untuk Anda yang ingin memulai usaha hijab di daerah adalah dengan berbelanja ke supplier kerudung online, salah satunya Fahruni Hijab Store. Di sana, konsumen dapat dengan mudah mengunjungi satu kios sekedar untuk mendapatkan perbandingan harga dan kualitas dagangan. Pusat grosir jilbab terbaru menawarkan barang dengan model yang selalu berubah dengan harga termurah. Tahu Kenapa? Karena sebagian besar didapatkan dari pabrik langsung yang datang dari konveksi. Bahkan di setiap sudutnya mempunyai motif berbeda sehingga Anda seperti memiliki beberapa kerudung. Fahruni Hijab Store berlokasi di Temanggung, melayani pengiriman ke seluruh Indonesia bahkan mancanegara. Kini kerudung segiempat dengan motif penuh sedang sangat diminati. Fahruni Hijab Store bersedia mengirim ke seluruh tempat di Indonesia bahkan luar negeri. Anda sedang mencari jilbab murah? Kalau Anda mau mulai berjualan hijab atau baju wanita muslim, inilah rekomendasi kami buat anda yang ingin memperoleh barang baik jilbab maupun busana dengan harga partai paling murah. Toko retail hijab atau kerudung adalah bisnis yang menarik sekali untuk dikerjakan. hijab yang sangat diminati diantaranya online hijab instan beragam bentuk seperti bergo instan, hoodie instan, dan khimar. Bagaimana pakah anda berminat untuk berbisnis retailkerudung& kerudung jika sudah tahu tempat belanja hijab & kerudung yang paling murah? Baiklah, jika ini pertama kalinya Anda ingin memulai bisnis jilbab kami sarankan anda mencari info sebanyak-banyaknya mungkin seputar peluang bisnis ini, seperti berapa modal yang diperlukan, model apa yang paling laris, bagaimana cara jualannya sampai dengan dimana grosiran hijab murahnya. Pertimbangan tersebut tentunya sangat penting buat Anda di saat awal memulai usaha. Pusat jual grosir jilbab terbaru kini mudah dijumpai. Lebih Murah….? Anda bisa langsung bandingkan dengan yang lain, harga, kwalitas dan bahannya.. Cocok bagi Anda yang mau tampil fashionable dan semakin menarik. Pabrik juga tidak sedikit membuat dengan istilah hijab bolak-balik dan 2 in 1. Tentunya untuk belanja langsung Anda butuh banyak pertimbangan, misalnya waktu, biaya dan efektifitas serta tenaga. Bagi Anda penggemar fashion busana muslim tentu tidak mau ketinggalan update tentang model kerudung terbaru

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Supplier Kerudung Model Terbaru di Temanggung

Konveksi juga tidak sedikit membuat dengan istilah hijab bolak-balik dan 2 in 1. Kabar baiknya, jenis bisnis ini relatif gampang karena banyak produsen yang tidak memerlukan modal besar untuk menjadi reseller. Terdapat banyak pilihan di pusat jual grosir kerudung. Sekarang ini jilbab segi empat bermotif penuh sedang sangat digemari. Bukan rahasia lagi bahwa semua muslimah pastinya butuh jilbab atau kerudung. Lebih Murah….? Anda bisa langsung bandingkan dengan yang lain, harga, kwalitas dan bahannya.. Mengikuti trend hijab terbaru bisa dilakukan dengan tetap menghemat anggaran. Pembelian dalam jumalh banyak dengan harga pabrik akan membuat modal bisa ditekan, malah berpotensi mendatangkan profit dengan menjual kembali produk-produk tersebut. Harga Kami bersaing dan model hijab terbaru langsung dari konveksinya. Selain berjilbab memang sebuah kewajiban setiap wanita muslim yaitu bagian dari menutup aurat, hijab berubah menjadi sebuah trend mode tersendiri sehingga muslimah tetap dapat tampil anggun dan cantik dengan tidak meninggalkan kewajibannya. Coba anda lihat mulai dari pasar tradisional , pusat perbelanjaan besar sampai dengan pedagang kaki lima di pinggir jalan yang menjajakan hijab murah pasti banyak karena para pedagang tersebut memperoleh barang dari supplier tangan pertama. Sehingga anda bisa membuat perhitungan yang tepat sebelum memulainya. Pada dasarnya inti usaha yaitu bagaimana cara mengatur pasar atau orang di sekitar menjadi customer dengan sistem penjualan dan tentang memanage supplier, yaitu bagaimana kita bekerjasama yang saling menguntungkan dengan supplier. Salah satu rekomendasi buat Anda yang ingin memulai bisnis jilbab di daerah adalah dengan berbelanja ke distributor jilbab online, yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store. Bergo yang pada awalnya identik dengan tampilan sederhana saat ini dibuat dengan aksen yang lebih cantik dan menarik tanpa meninggalkan kelebihan utamanya, yaitu bersifat praktis. Dengan 1 jilbab, Anda dapat tampil dengan dua gaya atau lebih. Yang paling mudah buat Anda ialah dengan belanja grosir melalui cara online, disapmping praktis, bisnis Andapun dapat lebih mudah berjalan. Ada beberapa tips buat Anda, berbelanja jilbab murah lewat online, pilih onlineshop yang telah menjalankan usahanya lebih dari satu tahun, punya alamat yang jelas, salah satunya bisa dilihat di google map. Kami ke seluruh daerah di murah Indonesia bahkansampai ke luar negeri. Anda sedang mencari jilbab murah? Jika Anda ingin mulai berdagang kerudung atau busana muslimah, berikut ini adalah rekomendasi kami buat anda yang ingin memperoleh barang baik jilbab maupun baju dengan harga grosir paling murah. Toko retail hijab atau kerudung memang bisnis yang menarik jilbab hijab temanggung sekali untuk dikerjakan. Begitu juga dengan hoodie. Lagipula, bisa dibilang ini adalah salah satu peluang bisnis yang gak ada matinya. hijab yang sangat diminati diantaranya kerudung instan berbagai bentuk seperti bergo instan, hoodie instan, dan khimar. Pabrik atau rumah produksi jilbab juga dapat menjadi pilihan untuk belanja grosir. Produk berkualitas dan dengan harga termurah. Pusat jual grosir kerudung terbaru kini mudah ditemukan. Tahu Kenapa? Karena sebagian besar didapatkan dari pabrik langsung yang datang dari konveksi. Bagaimana pakah anda berminat untuk berbisnis eceranhijab& kerudung jika telah tahu distributor jilbab & kerudung yang murah? Ok, jika ini pertama kalinya Anda ingin memulai bisnis hijab sebaiknya anda mengumpulkan info sebanyak mungkin tentang peluang bisnis ini, seperti berapa modal yang dibutuhkan, model apa yang paling laku, bagaimana sistem jualannya sampai dengan dimana tempat belanja grosir hijab murahnya. Pertimbangan tersebut amat penting buat Anda di awal merintis bisnis. Bagi Anda penggemar mode busana muslim pastinya tidak ingin ketinggalan update tentang model hijab terbaru. Bahkan di setiap pojoknya memiliki motif berbeda yang membuat Anda seperti memiliki beberapa kerudung. Fahruni Hijab Store berlokasi di Temanggung, melayani pengiriman ke seluruh Indonesia bahkan luar negeri. Cocok buat Anda yang berkeinginan tampil kekinian dan semakin menarik. Biar anda dapat lebih aman, jangan lupa minta rekomendasi toko online dari teman atau saudara yang sudah sering belanja di toko online. Masih takut berburu toko online grosir hijab murah yang terpercaya? Tidak usah takut , Anda bisa memilih onlineshop grosir jilbab murah dan terpercaya ini yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store, produknya komplit, kualitasnya juga pilihan terbaik selain itu juga pelayanannya sangat memuaskan. Ok , mulailah segera bisnis daganghijab Anda dengan mendapatkan supplier grosir jilbab murah Anda, dan gunakan juga tipsnya. Pusat Jual Grosir jilbab Terbaru. kota-kota besar umumnya memiliki lebih dari satu mall. Jika pada awalnya hoodie bernuansa santai dan sporty, saat ini model ini dipermak dengan aksen misalnya border, sehingga bisa dikenakan untuk kesempatan formal. Khimar juga dibuat dengan beragam detail yang cantik, misalnya lapisan tumpuk ataupun bagian belakang yang jauh lebih panjang dari bagian depan, dikenal dengan nama khimar penguin. Di toko ini anda bisa membeli kerudung dengan harga bersaing model paling kekinian. FahruniHijab.com merupakan supplier jilbab dan pakaian wanita muslim yang menawarkan desain paling baru dan kekinian dengan harga murah. Kerudung segi empat juga tidak luput dari sentuhan kreasi para produsen. Di mall, konsumen dapat dengan mudah mengunjungi satu kios sekedar untuk melakukan perbandingan harga dan kualitas dagangan. Pusat grosir jilbab terbaru menawarkan jilbab dengan model yang selalu berganti dengan harga termurah. Pastinya untuk belanja langsung Anda butuh banyak pertimbangan, seperti waktu, biaya dan efektifitas serta tenaga

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Tempat Grosir Jilbab Dan Gamis Di Temanggung

Lebih Murah….? Anda bisa langsung bandingkan dengan yang lain, harga, kwalitas dan bahannya.. Sekarang ini jilbab segi empat dengan motif penuh sedang sangat diminati. Jangan sampai karena hanya tertarik dengan keuntungannya, Anda tidak memperhitungkan faktor lainnya. Pada dasarnya inti usaha adalah tentang mengatur pasar atau orang di sekitar menjadi customer dengan sistem penjualan dan tentang memanage supplier, yaitu bagaimana kita bekerjasama yang saling menguntungkan dengan supplier. Salah satu rekomendasi buat Anda yang ingin memulai bisnis jilbab di daerah adalah dengan berbelanja ke supplier kerudung online, yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store. Yang paling tepat buat Anda ialah dengan belanja grosir lewat cara online, disapmping praktis, bisnis Andapun dapat lebih cepat beroperasi. Ada sedikit tips bagi Anda, berbelanja kerudung murah secara online, pilih online shop yang telah menjalankan usahanya lebih dari setahun, mempunyai alamat yang jelas, salah satunya bisa dilihat di google map. Pembelian dalam jumalh banyak dengan harga pabrik akan menyelamatkan anggaran, malah berpeluang mendatangkan profit dengan menjual kembali produk-produk itu. Bagi Anda penggemar fashion baju muslim tentu tidak mau ketinggalan info tentang model hijab terbaru. Di mall, konsumen dapat dengan mudah berkunjung ke satu kios sekedar untuk membandingkan harga dan kualitas dagangan. Pusat grosir kerudung terbaru menawarkan barang dengan desain yang selalu berganti dengan harga terbaik. Produk berkualitas dan dengan harga termurah. Mengikuti tren hijab terkini dapat dilakukan dengan tetap menghemat budget. Kerudung segi empat pun diberi sentuhan kreasi para produsen. Demikian halnya dengan hoodie. Tentunya untuk belanja langsung Anda butuh banyak pertimbangan, misalnya waktu, biaya dan efektifitas serta tenaga. Kabar baiknya, jenis bisnis ini relatif mudah karena cukup banyak konveksi yang tidak mensyaratkan modal besar untuk bergabung menjadi reseller. Ada banyak opsi di pusat jual grosir jilbab. Jika dulunya hoodie bernuansa santai dan sporty, saat ini model ini dipermak dengan aksen semisal border, sehingga memungkinkan digunakan untuk acara formal. Khimar sendiri dibuat dengan beragam detil yang cantik, misalnya lapisan tumpuk ataupun bagian belakang yang jauh lebih panjang dari bagian depan, disebut dengan istilah khimar penguin. Ada juga yang di setiap sudutnya mempunyai motif berbeda sehingga Anda seperti mempunyai beberapa kerudung. Fahruni Hijab Store berlokasi di Temanggung, melayani pengiriman ke seluruh Indonesia bahkan mancanegara. Dengan 1 jilbab, Anda dapat tampil dengan dua model atau lebih. Pusat jual grosir jilbab terbaru kini gampang ditemui. pakah anda tertarik untuk berjualan jilbab temanggung ecerankerudung& kerudung jika telah mengetahui grosiran jilbab & kerudung yang murah? Ok, jika ini adalah pertama kalinya Anda ingin mulai usaha jilbab kami sarankan anda mengumpulkan info sebanyak-banyaknya mungkin seputar peluang bisnis ini, misalnya seberapa banyak modal yang dibutuhkan, model apa yang paling laris, bagaimana cara jualannya sampai dengan dimana tempat belanja grosir jilbab murahnya.

Pertimbangan tersebut sangatlah penting bagi Anda di awal merintis bisnis. Produsen juga banyak membuat dengan istilah jilbab bolak-balik dan 2 in 1. Tahu Kenapa? Karena sebagian besar didapatkan dari produsen langsung yang datang dari konveksi. Harga Kami termurah dan model kerudung terbaru langsung dari konveksinya. kota-kota besar umumnya memiliki dua mall. Cocok buat Anda yang ingin tampil modis dan semakin cantik. Jilbab yang banyak diminati diantaranya hijab instan berbagai bentuk misalnya bergo instan, hoodie instan, dan khimar. Konveksi atau rumah produksi kerudung juga bisa menjadi opsi untuk belanja grosir. Bergo yang dulunya identik dengan tampilan simpel kini dibuat dengan aksen yang lebih cantik dan menarik dengan tetap menerapkan kelebihan utamanya, yaitu bersifat praktis. Agar anda dapat lebih aman, mintalah rekomendasi toko online dari sahabat atau saudara yang sudah sering belanja di toko online. Masih takut berburu toko online grosir hijab murah yang terpercaya? Jangan takut , Anda bisa memilih toko online grosir jilbab murah dan terpercaya ini yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store, pilihannya banyak, berkualitas selain itu juga pelayanannya sangat memuaskan. Ok , mulailah segera bisnis daganghijab Anda dengan menemukan distributor grosir kerudung murah Anda, dan gunakan juga tipsnya. Pusat Jual Grosir kerudung Terbaru

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Tempat Grosir Kerudung Dan Gamis Di Temanggung

Di sini anda bisa mendapatkan jilbab harga bersaing model paling kekinian. FahruniHijab.com merupakan toko grosir online hijab dan pakaian wanita muslim yang menyediakan model paling baru dan kekinian dengan harga bersaing. Kami toko melayani pengiriman ke seluruh wilayah Indonesia bahkan luar negeri. Anda sedang berburu jilbab murah? Jika Anda sedang mulai berbisnis jilbab atau busana wanita muslim, berikut ini adalah beberapa rekomendasi kami buat anda yang ingin memperoleh barang baik jilbab maupun busana dengan harga grosir paling murah. Toko eceran hijab atau kerudung adalah bisnis yang menarik sekali untuk digarap. Selain itu, bisa dibilang ini adalah sebuah peluang usaha yang tidak ada matinya. Semua orang sudah tahu bahwa semua wanita muslim pasti butuh hijab atau kerudung. Disamping berjilbab memang sebuah kewajiban bagi setiap wanita muslim yaitu bagian dari menutup aurat, kerudung berubah menjadi sebuah trend mode tersendiri sehingga wanita muslim tetap bisa tampil anggun dan cantik dengan tidak meninggalkan kewajibannya. Bisa dilihat mulai dari pasar tradisional , pusat perbelanjaan besar sampai dengan penjual kaki lima di pinggir jalan yang menjual kerudung murah pasti banyak sekali karena para pedagang tersebut mendapatkan barang dari distributor tangan pertama. Bagaimana pakah anda berminat untuk berbisnis retailkerudung& kerudung jika telah tahu grosiran kerudung & kerudung yang paling murah? Baiklah, jika ini pertama kalinya Anda ingin memulai usaha hijab sebaiknya anda mengumpulkan info sebanyak mungkin tentang peluang usaha ini, seperti seberapa banyak modal yang dibutuhkan, model apa yang paling laris, bagaimana cara jualannya sampai dengan dimana tempat belanja grosir hijab murahnya. Pertimbangan tersebut tentunya sangat penting bagi Anda di saat awal memulai bisnis. Jangan sampai karena hanya tertarik dengan keuntungannya, Anda tidak melihat faktor lainnya. Pada dasarnya inti usaha adalah tentang manage pasar atau orang di sekitar menjadi customer dengan sistem penjualan serta tentang memanage supplier, yaitu bagaimana kita menjalin kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan dengan distributor. Beberapa saran buat Anda yang ingin memulai bisnis jilbab di daerah adalah dengan berbelanja ke distributor hijab online, yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store. Produk berkualitas dan dengan harga termurah. Tahu Kenapa? Karena sebagian besar didapatkan dari pabrik langsung yang datang dari konveksi. Pastinya untuk berbelanja langsung Anda butuh banyak pertimbangan, misalnya waktu, biaya dan efektifitas serta tenaga. Yang paling mudah buat Anda adalah dengan berbelanja grosir lewat cara online, disapmping murah, bisnis Andapun bisa lebih mudah berjalan. Ada beberapa tips bagi Anda, belanja hijab murah lewat online, pilih toko online yang telah menjalankan bisnisnya lebih dari satu tahun, memiliki alamat yang jelas, salah satunya bisa jilbab temanggung dicek di google map. Agar anda dapat lebih aman, mintalah rekomendasi toko online dari sahabat atau saudara yang sudah sering belanja di toko online. Masih takut berburu toko online grosir hijab murah yang terpercaya? Gak perlu takut , Anda bisa memilih online shop grosir jilbab murah dan terpercaya ini yaitu Fahruni Hijab Store, produknya komplit, kualitasnya juga pilihan terbaik selain itu juga pelayanannya sangat memuaskan. Ok , segera mulai bisnis berjualanjilbab Anda dengan menemukan supplier grosir hijab murah Anda, dan gunakan juga tipsnya. Pusat Jual Grosir jilbab Terbaru. Bagi Anda penggemar fashion baju muslim tentu tidak ingin ketinggalan update tentang model hijab paling update. Mengikuti trend kerudung terbaru bisa dilakukan dengan tetap menghemat budget. Pusat jual grosir hijab terbaru kini gampang ditemukan. kota-kota besar seringkali memiliki lebih dari satu mall. Di sana, konsumen dapat dengan mudah berkunjung ke satu kios hanya untuk melakukan perbandingan harga dan kualitas produk. Pusat grosir jilbab terbaru menawarkan barang dengan desain yang terus berubah dengan harga bersaing. Cocok buat Anda yang ingin tampil kekinian dan semakin menarik. Pabrik atau rumah produksi jilbab juga dapat dijadikan sebuah pilihan untuk belanja grosir. Pembelian dalam jumalh banyak dengan harga pabrik akan membuat anggaran bisa ditekan, bahkan berpotensi mendatangkan profit dengan menjual kembali produk-produk itu. Kabar baiknya, jenis bisnis ini cukup gampang karena banyak konveksi yang tidak mengharuskan modal banyak untuk bisa menjadi reseller. Ada banyak pilihan di pusat jual grosir jilbab. hijab yang sangat diminati diantaranya jilbab instan berbagai bentuk seperti bergo instan, hoodie instan, dan khimar. Bergo yang dulunya identik dengan penampilan sederhana saat ini dibuat dengan aksen yang lebih cantik dan menarik dengan tetap menerapkan kelebihan utamanya, yaitu bersifat praktis. Demikian halnya dengan hoodie. Jika pada awalnya hoodie bernuansa santai dan sporty, sekarang model ini dipermak dengan aksen semisal border, sehingga bisa dikenakan untuk kesempatan formal.

Khimar juga dibuat dengan beragam detil yang menarik, seperti lapisan tumpuk ataupun bagian belakang yang menjuntai jauh lebih panjang dari bagian depan, dikenal dengan istilah khimar penguin. Produsen juga banyak memproduksi dengan istilah hijab bolak-balik dan 2 in 1. Dengan 1 jilbab, Anda bisa tampil dengan dua gaya atau lebih. Kerudung segi empat pun tidak luput dari sentuhan kreasi para pabrikan. Sekarang ini jilbab segi empat bermotif penuh sedang banyak diminati. Bahkan di setiap sudutnya memiliki motif berbeda yang membuat Anda seperti mempunyai beberapa kerudung. Fahruni Hijab Store berlokasi di Temanggung, melayani pengiriman ke seluruh Indonesia dan mancanegara. Harga Kami termurah dan model jilbab terbaru langsung dari konveksinya. Lebih Murah….? Anda bisa langsung bandingkan dengan yang lain, harga, kwalitas dan bahannya.

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Ini bukan Penipuan, Fashion, bukan Penindasan, Gairah itu

Gambar wanita Muslim berjilbab telah disulap gambar dari penipuan dan penindasan, tapi sekarang ini baru seribu generasi, perempuan muda Muslim yang menemukan makna baru dalam jilbab. Ini bukan penipuan, fashion, bukan penindasan, gairah itu. Saya berbicara dengan 2 wanita Muslim terkemuka baru-baru ini belajar tentang bagaimana mereka mengenakan syal di kepala mereka. Mereka mengilhami saya untuk melihat Islam dengan cara yang berbeda, untuk menyebarkan keragaman selengkapnya antara individu-individu, dan untuk menjadi kreatif. 1. Maria Alia (@marialia) Alia download Instagram app empat tahun yang lalu banyak seperti siapa saja yang ingin berbagi foto-foto teman-teman mereka, makanan, dan sesekali selfie. Ia memposting apa yang dia suka dan dia melakukannya dengan baik. Unik nya rumpon adalah apa yang memicu dia sangat perhatian dalam dunia blogger. "Saya perlahan-lahan mulai mendapatkan pertanyaan tentang di mana bagian-bagian tertentu dari pakaian saya yang dari dan saya menyadari orang-orang yang tertarik pada gaya pribadi saya." Dia mulai posting lebih OOTDs (pakaian hari) dan menciptakan sebuah situs untuk dokumen nya sehari-hari mengenakan busana. Situs-nya bersama dengan dia online fashion karir benar-benar pergi dari sana. Sekarang Maria berdiri di lebih dari 200.000 pengikut di instagram grosir jilbab temanggung jadi aku bertanya padanya apa yang dia ingin mengatakan kepada semua pengikutnya jika dia bisa. Dia terus itu sederhana dan kuat, "TERIMA kasih."

Industri Busana Muslim yang berkembang saat ini, instagram yang terkenal hijabi seperti Maria pasca jaket, sepatu, kimono, atau penemuan terbaru di media sosial, dan orang-orang menonton, mengikuti, dan mendapatkan kreatif dengan busana sederhana. Maria menginspirasi wanita untuk merasa diberdayakan di jilbab mereka, "salah satu perasaan terbaik adalah membaca yang saya berikan seseorang yang percaya diri untuk mengenakan jilbab untuk pertama kalinya, atau yang saya buat berjilbab gadis itu merasa indah dalam syal,"katanya. Dia membuat seorang gadis Muslim cocok di masyarakat saat ini cocok dengan tidak pas. Dia beragam pilihan dari leher tinggi blus maxi cardigan membawa kesederhanaan ke dalam lemari bersama dengan gaya. Maria mengatakan dia tidak didefinisikan oleh orang lain adalah persepsi atau pendapat, saran nya untuk banyak anak perempuan Muslim yang berjuang dengan identitas mereka adalah untuk tidak pernah membiarkan ketidakamanan anda memegang anda kembali dari tujuan dan ambisi. Dia memerangi Islamophobia dengan menjadi orang yang positif dia. Dia menetapkan contoh yang baik dengan siapa saja dia bertemu dan berpikir menghadirkan dirinya yang ramah dan anggun cara yang akan membantu orang-orang melihat Muslim dalam cahaya yang positif. 2. Noor Bhatti (@noorbhatti) Bhatti mulai mengenakan hijab di tahun pertamanya di sma. Dia berpakaian sederhana, tapi dia tidak tahu mode sampai dia mulai menelusuri Muslim lainnya hijabi fashionista. Dia mulai mengeksplorasi rasa gaya di perguruan tinggi dan mulai memasukkan sendiri sedikit twist kenyamanan untuk pakaian-nya. Teh bar flat nya paling favorit di dunia dan nyaman gaya membuat dia lucu dan nyaman. Dia berdiri di lebih dari 20.000 pengikut di instagram dan jadi saya bertanya padanya apa yang dia ingin mengatakan kepada semua pengikutnya. Noor menyatakan dirinya sepenuhnya mengatakan, "lakukan apa yang anda cintai, tidak peduli tentang apa yang orang pikirkan." Dia mengatakan untuk membawanya saran generik dengan berat hati karena orang-orang selalu akan menjadi bahagia dengan apa yang anda lakukan, tapi anda membuat diri anda bahagia dan menjadi percaya diri. Dia sering menemukan hal itu membuka mata ketika orang-orang berkomentar hal-hal kasar padanya instagram mengatakan dirinya jilbab dipaksa. Hal ini dimasukkan ke dalam perspektif berapa banyak ketidaktahuan adalah benar-benar di luar sana untuk Bhatti. Instagram adalah menjaga busana sederhana berkembang, anak-anak perempuan yang tidak merasa nyaman mengenakan jilbab di dunia barat melihat blogger seperti Bhatti dan Alia dan merangkul perbedaan-perbedaan mereka balik jilbab mereka menjadi sesuatu yang positif. Bhatti ibu tidak memakai jilbab sampai menikah, tapi ibunya mengenakan jilbab dengan sengit sikap. Bhatti menggambarkan ibunya sebagai seseorang yang tidak peduli atau merasa malu scarf di kepalanya, dia melihat ibunya memakainya dengan bangga, jadi tentu saja dia dibesarkan memakai itu keras kepala. Noor memberikan saran untuk gadis-gadis Muslim berjuang dengan identitas mereka mengatakan, "tidak apa-apa untuk meragukan diri sendiri, bagian dari keseluruhan proses, tidak apa-apa untuk merasa down karena itu wajar, tapi jangan biarkan hal itu menimbang berat pada anda." Blogger seperti Maria dan Noor membantu express Muslim wanita fashion pilihan dan memotivasi mereka untuk menjadi unik dan berbeda sementara masih membuat tanda mereka. Hal ini penting untuk mengenali bahwa busana sederhana terus meningkat. Toko-toko mulai menjual jilbab-pakaian yang ramah, orang-orang mulai mengenali hijab fashion blogger, dan merek-merek terkenal yang memperkenalkan model memakai jilbab. Industri busana Muslim yang berkembang, kebanyakan orang melihat Muslim dalam cahaya yang negatif di media, penggambaran perempuan terlihat menindas. Wanita Muslim yang berwarna-warni, ekspresif, dan tokoh ternama yang beberapa hari ini orang-orang cenderung lupa. Ini bukan penipuan, fashion, bukan penindasan, gairah itu.

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Jilbab

Jump to navigation Jump to search Women wearing hijabs A hijab (/hh'dhh:b, hh'dhhb, 'hhdh.hb, hh'dhh:b/;[1][2][3][4]Arabic: hhhhh hijhb, pronouncedh[hh'dha:b] or Egyptian Arabic:h[he'hh:b]) is a veil worn by some Muslim women in the presence of any male outside of their immediate family, which usually covers the head and chest. The word hijhb in the Qur'an refers not to women's clothing, but rather a spatial partition or curtain.[5] The term can refer to any head, face, or body covering worn by Muslim women that conforms to a certain standard of modesty. Hijab can also be used to refer to the seclusion of women from men in the public sphere, or it may denote a metaphysical dimension, for example referring to "the veil which separates man or the world from God".[6] Sometimes, it is worn by women as a symbol of fashion, modesty and privacy. According to the Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World, modesty in the Quran concerns both men's and women's "gaze, gait, garments, and genitalia."[7] The Qur'an instructs Muslim women to dress modestly.[8] Some Islamic legal systems define this type of modest clothing as covering everything except the face, hands up to wrists, and feet.[6][9] These guidelines are found in texts of hadith and fiqh developed after the revelation of the Qur'an but, according to some, are derived from the verses (ayahs) referencing hijab in the Qur'an.[7] Some believe that the Qur'an itself does not mandate that women wear hijab.[10][11] In the Qur'an, the term hijab refers to a partition or curtain in the literal or metaphorical sense. The verse where it is used literally is commonly understood to refer to the curtain separating visitors to Muhammad's house from his wives' lodgings. This had led some to argue that the mandate of the Qur'an to wear hijab applied to the wives of Muhammad, and not women generally.[12][13] In recent times, wearing hijab in public has been required by law in Saudi Arabia (for Muslims), Iran and the Indonesian province of Aceh. Other countries, both in Europe and in the Muslim world, have passed laws banning some or all types of hijab in public or in certain types of locales. Women in different parts of the world have also experienced unofficial pressure to wear or not wear hijab. Contents 1 In Islamic scripture 1.1 Quran 1.2 Hadith 2 Dress code required by hijab 2.1 Traditionalist views 2.2 Alternative views 3 Contemporary practice 3.1 Burqa and niqab 4 History 4.1 Pre-Islamic veiling practices 4.2 During Muhammad's lifetime 4.3 Later pre-modern history 4.4 Modern history 5 Compulsion and pressure 5.1 Legal enforcement 5.2 Legal bans 5.2.1 Muslim world 5.2.2 Europe 5.3 Unofficial pressure to wear hijab 5.4 Unofficial pressure against wearing hijab 5.5 Hijab discrimination in the workplace 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links In Islamic scripture Quran The Quran instructs both Muslim men and women to dress in a modest way, but there is disagreement on how these instructions should be interpreted. The verses relating to dress use the terms khimhr (head cover) and jilbhb (a dress or cloak) rather than hijhb.[5] In the Quran, there are over 6,000 verses and only about half a dozen refer specifically to the way a woman should dress or walk in public.[14] The clearest verse on the requirement of modest dress is surah 24:30-31, telling women to guard their private parts and draw their khimhr over their bosoms.[15][16] And say to the believing women that they should lower their gaze and guard their private parts; that they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their khimhr over their breasts and not display their beauty except to their husband, their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their brothers or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or the slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. -- Quranh24:31 In Surah 33:59 Muhammad is commanded to ask his family members and other Muslim women to wear outer garments when they go out, so that they are not harassed:[16] Those who harass believing men and believing women undeservedly, bear (on themselves) a calumny and a grievous sin. O Prophet! Enjoin your wives, your daughters, and the wives of true believers that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): That is most convenient, that they may be distinguished and not be harassed. -- Quranh33:58-59 The word hijhb in the Quran refers not to women's clothing, but rather a spatial partition or curtain.[5] Sometimes its use is literal, as in the verse which refers to the screen that separated Muhammad's wives from the visitors to his house (33:53), while in other cases the word denotes separation between deity and mortals (42:51), wrongdoers and righteous (7:46, 41:5), believers and unbelievers (17:45), and light from darkness (38:32).[5] The interpretation of the hijhb as separation can be digested in three ways: as a visual barrier, physical barrier, and ethical barrier. The visual barrier has the opportunity to hide something from sight which places emphasis on a symbolic boundary (for example, between the Prophet's family and the surrounding community). The physical barrier is used to create a space that provides comfort and privacy for individuals such as the female elite. The ethical barrier, is known to make something forbidden such as the 'purity of hearts' in reference to the Prophet's wives and the Muslim men who visit them.[17] Hadith Moroccan girls wearing the hijab The Arabic word jilbab is translated as "cloak" in the following passage. Contemporary Salafis insist that the jilbab (which is worn over the Kimaar and covers the body from head to toe) worn today is the same garment mentioned in the Qur'an and the hadith; other translators have chosen to use less specific terms: Narrated Anas ibn Malik: "I know (about) the Hijab (the order of veiling of women) more than anybody else. Ubay ibn Ka'b used to ask me about it. Allah's Apostle became the bridegroom of Zaynab bint Jahsh whom he married at Medina. After the sun had risen high in the sky, the Prophet invited the people to a meal. Allah's Apostle remained sitting and some people remained sitting with him after the other guests had left. Then Allah's Apostle got up and went away, and I too, followed him till he reached the door of 'Aisha's room. Then he thought that the people must have left the place by then, so he returned and I also returned with him. Behold, the people were still sitting at their places. So he went back again for the second time, and I went along with him too. When we reached the door of 'Aisha's room, he returned and I also returned with him to see that the people had left. Thereupon the Prophet hung a curtain between me and him and the Verse regarding the order for (veiling of women) Hijab was revealed." Sahih al-Bukhari, 7:65:375, Sahih Muslim, 8:3334 Narrated Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya, Ummul Mu'minin: "When the verse 'That they should cast their outer garments over their persons' was revealed, the women of Ansar came out as if they had crows hanging down over their heads by wearing outer garments." 32:4090. Abh Dawud classed this hadith as authentic. Narrated Safiya bint Shaiba: "Aisha used to say: 'When (the Verse): "They should draw their veils (Khumur) over their necks and bosoms (juyyub)," was revealed, (the ladies) cut their waist sheets at the edges and covered their faces with the cut pieces.'" Sahih al-Bukhari, 6:60:282, 32:4091.Dress code required by hijab Traditionalist views Women wearing tudungs (the Malay term for hijab) in Brunei Traditionally, Muslims have recognized many different forms of clothing as satisfying the demands of hijab.[18] Debate focused on how much of the male or female body should be covered. Different scholars adopted different interpretations of the original texts. Detailed scholarly attention has focused on prescribing female dress in conformity with hijab. The four major Sunni schools of thought (Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali) hold that the entire body of the woman, except her face and handsh- though a few clerics say face, handsh- must be covered during prayer and in public settings (see Awrah). There are those who allow the feet to be uncovered as well as the hands and face.[19][20] It is recommended that women wear clothing that is not form fitting to the body: either modest forms of western clothing (long shirts and skirts), or the more traditional jilbhb, a high-necked, loose robe that covers the arms and legs. A khimhr or shaylah, a scarf or cowl that covers all but the face, is also worn in many different styles. Some scholars encourage covering the face, while some follow the opinion that it is not obligatory to cover the face and the hands but only mustahab (Highly recommended). Other scholars oppose face covering, particularly in the West, where the woman may draw more attention as a result. These garments are very different in cut from most of the traditional forms of hijhb, and they are worn worldwide by Muslims. A 15th-century Persian depiction of Muhammad visiting hell during Mi'raj and seeing a demon punishing "shameless women" who had exposed their hair to strangers. Many Muslim scholars believe that it is a basic requirement of Islamic law that women keep their hair and bodies covered in the presence of people of the opposite sex other than close family members (those close enough to be forbidden to marry--see mahram). These include the Iraqi Shia Marja' (Grand Ayatollah) Ali al-Sistani;[21] the Sunni Permanent Committee for Islamic Research and Issuing Fatwas in Saudi Arabia;[22] and others. According to some interpretations, these requirements extend to non-Muslim women as well. Some believers go so far as to specify exactly which areas of the body must be covered. In some cases, this is everything but the eyes, but most require that women cover everything but the face and hands. In nearly all Muslim cultures, young girls are not required to wear a hijhb. There is not a single agreed age when a woman should begin wearing a hijhb--but in many Muslim cultures, puberty is the dividing line. Bahraini women wearing the hijab In private, and in the presence of close relatives (mahrams), rules on dress relax. However, in the presence of the husband, most scholars stress the importance of mutual freedom and pleasure of the husband and wife.[23] It has become tradition that Muslims in general, and Salafis in particular, believe the Qur'an demands women wear the garments known today as jilbhb and khumhr (the khumhr must be worn underneath the jilbhb). However, Qur'an translators and commentators translate the Arabic into English words with a general meaning, such as veils, head-coverings and shawls.[24]Ghamidi argues that verses [Quranh24:30] teach etiquette for male and female interactions, where khumhr is mentioned in reference to the clothing of Arab women in the 7th century, but there is no command to actually wear them in any specific way. Hence he considers head-covering a preferable practice but not a directive of the sharia (law).[25] Alternative views Some Muslims take a relativist approach to hijab. They believe that the commandment to maintain modesty must be interpreted with regard to the surrounding society. What is considered modest or daring in one society might not be considered so in another. It is important, they say, for believers to wear clothing that communicates modesty and reserve.[26] Along with scriptural arguments, Leila Ahmed argues that head covering should not be compulsory in Islam because the veil predates the revelation of the Qur'an. Head-covering was introduced into Arabia long before Muhammad, primarily through Arab contacts with Syria and Iran, where the hijab was a sign of social status. After all, only a woman who need not work in the fields could afford to remain secluded and veiled.[12][27] Ahmed argues for a more liberal approach to hijab. Among her arguments is that while some Qur'anic verses enjoin women in general to "draw their Jilbabs (overgarment or cloak) around them to be recognized as believers and so that no harm will come to them"[Quranh33:58-59] and "guard their private parts ... and drape down khimar over their breasts [when in the presence of unrelated men]",[Quranh24:31] they urge modesty. The word khimar refers to a piece of cloth that covers the head, or headscarf.[28] While the term "hijab" was originally anything that was used to conceal,[29] it became used to refer to concealing garments worn by women outside the house, specifically the headscarf or khimar.[30] Indonesian girls at Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta Other verses include. O wives of prophet! You are not like other women; if you want to be righteous do not be too soft to make those in whose heart a disease hopeful; and speak in recognised manner. And stay in your homes and make not a dazzling display like that of the former times of ignorance and offer prayer and pay zakah; and obey God and His messenger; o people of (Prophet's) house! God wants to remove impurity from you and make you clean and pure. -- Quranh33:32-33 O believers! Do not enter in houses of prophet except if you are permitted for a meal and its readiness is not awaited but when you are invited then enter and when you have eaten disperse and do not linger in conversation; it troubles the prophet and he is shy of you but God is not shy of telling truth; and when ye ask of them [the wives of the Prophet] anything, ask it of them from behind a curtain (hijab) it is purer for you hearts and their hearts; and it is not allowed for you to hurt messenger or marry his wives after him ever; indeed it is great enormity in God's sight.[31] -- Quranh33:53 According to at least three authors (Karen Armstrong, Reza Aslan and Leila Ahmed), the stipulations of the hijab were originally meant only for Muhammad's wives, and were intended to maintain their inviolability. This was because Muhammad conducted all religious and civic affairs in the mosque adjacent to his home: Afghan army and police officials wearing hijabs in Kandahar People were constantly coming in and out of this compound at all hours of the day. When delegations from other tribes came to speak with Prophet Muhammad, they would set up their tents for days at a time inside the open courtyard, just a few feet away from the apartments in which Prophet Muhammad's wives slept. And new emigrants who arrived in Yatrib would often stay within the mosque's walls until they could find suitable homes.[12] According to Ahmed: By instituting seclusion Prophet Muhammad was creating a distance between his wives and this thronging community on their doorstep.[13] They argue that the term darabat al-hijab ("taking the veil") was used synonymously and interchangeably with "becoming Prophet Muhammad's wife", and that during Muhammad's life, no other Muslim woman wore the hijab. Aslan suggests that Muslim women started to wear the hijab to emulate Muhammad's wives, who are revered as "Mothers of the Believers" in Islam,[12] and states "there was no tradition of veiling until around 627 C.E." in the Muslim community.[12][13] Another interpretation differing from the traditional states that a veil is not compulsory in front of blind men and men lacking physical desire.[32][33][34] Contemporary practice Further information: Types of hijab and Hijab by country Muslim women in northern Nigeria wearing hijabs The styles and practices of hijab vary widely across the world. An opinion poll conducted in 2014 by The University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research asked residents of seven Muslim-majority countries (Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Tunisia, Turkey, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia) which style of women's dress they considered to be most appropriate in public.[35] The survey found that the headscarf (in its tightly- or loosely-fitting form) was chosen by the majority of respondents in Egypt, Iraq, Tunisia and Turkey.[35] In Saudi Arabia 63% gave preference to the niqab face veil; in Pakistan the niqab, the full-length chador robe and the headscarf, received about a third of the votes each; while in Lebanon half of the respondents in the sample (which included Christians and Druze) opted for no head covering at all.[35][36] The survey found "no significant difference" in the preferences between surveyed men and women, except in Pakistan, where more men favored conservative women's dress.[36] However, women more strongly support women's right to choose how to dress.[36] People with university education are less conservative in their choice than those without one, and more supportive of women's right to decide their dress style, except in Saudi Arabia.[36] Emine Erdohan wearing a thrban Some fashion-conscious women have been turning to non-traditional forms of hijab such as turbans.[37][38] While some regard turbans as a proper head cover, others argue that it cannot be considered a proper Islamic veil if it leaves the neck exposed.[37] Muna AbuSulayman wearing a turban According to a Pew Research Center survey, among the roughly 1 million Muslim women living in the U.S., 43% regularly wear headscarves, while about a half do not cover their hair.[39] In another Pew Research Center poll (2011), 36% of Muslim American women reported wearing hijab whenever they were in public, with an additional 24% saying they wear it most or some of the time, while 40% said they never wore the headcover.[40] Iranian woman in Isfahan wearing a hijab In Iran, where wearing the hijab is legally required, many women push the boundaries of the state-mandated dress code, risking a fine or a spell in detention.[41] The Iranian president Hassan Rouhani had vowed to rein in the morality police and their presence on the streets has decreased since he took office, but the powerful conservative forces in the country have resisted his efforts, and the dress codes are still being enforced, especially during the summer months.[42] In Turkey the hijab was formerly banned in private and state universities and schools. The ban applied not to the scarf wrapped around the neck, traditionally worn by Anatolian peasant women, but to the head covering pinned neatly at the sides, called thrban in Turkey, which has been adopted by a growing number of educated urban women since the 1980s. As of the mid-2000s, over 60% of Turkish women covered their head outside home, though only 11% wore a thrban.[43][44][45][46] The ban was lifted from universities in 2008,[47] from government buildings in 2013,[48] and from schools in 2014.[49] Burqa and niqab A Muslim woman in Yemen wearing a niqab There are several types of veils which cover the face in part or in full. The burqa (also spelled burka) is a garment that covers the entire body, including the face.[50] It is commonly associated with the Afghan chadri, whose face-veiling portion is typically a piece of netting that obscures the eyes but allows the wearer to see out. The niqab is a term which is often incorrectly used interchangeably with burqa.[50] It properly refers to a garment that covers a woman's upper body and face, except for her eyes.[50] It is particularly associated with the style traditionally worn in the Arabian Peninsula, where the veil is attached by one side and covers the face only below the eyes, thereby allowing the eyes to be seen. Only a minority of Islamic scholars believe that covering the face is mandatory, and the use of niqab beyond its traditional geographic strongholds has been a subject of political controversy.[51][52] In a 2014 survey of men and women in seven Muslim-majority countries, the Afghan burqa was the preferred form of woman's dress for 11% of respondents in Saudi Arabia, 4% in Iraq, 3% in Pakistan, 2% in Lebanon, and 1% or less in Egypt, Tunisia, and Turkey.[35] The niqab face veil was the preferred option for 63% of respondents in Saudi Arabia, 32% in Pakistan, 9% in Egypt, 8% in Iraq, and 2% or less in Lebanon, Tunisia, and Turkey.[35] History Pre-Islamic veiling practices Further information: Veil Greek bronze statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 2nd-3rd century BC. Veiling did not originate with the advent of Islam. Statuettes depicting veiled priestesses precede all major Abrahamic religions (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam), dating back as far as 2500 BCE.[53] Elite women in ancient Mesopotamia and in the Byzantine, Greek, and Persian empires wore the veil as a sign of respectability and high status.[54] In ancient Mesopotamia, Assyria had explicit sumptuary laws detailing which women must veil and which women must not, depending upon the woman's class, rank, and occupation in society.[54] Female slaves and prostitutes were forbidden to veil and faced harsh penalties if they did so.[5] Veiling was thus not only a marker of aristocratic rank, but also served to "differentiate between 'respectable' women and those who were publicly available".[5][54] Strict seclusion and the veiling of matrons were also customary in ancient Greece. Between 550 and 323 B.C.E, prior to Christianity, respectable women in classical Greek society were expected to seclude themselves and wear clothing that concealed them from the eyes of strange men.[55] Pre-Islamic relief showing veiled Arab women, Temple of Baal, Palmyra, Syria, 1st century CE. It is not clear whether the Hebrew Bible contains prescriptions with regard to veiling, but rabbinic literature presents it as a question of modesty (tzniut).[56] Modesty became an important rabbinic virtue in the early Roman period, and it may have been intended to distinguish Jewish women from their non-Jewish counterparts in the Greco-Roman and later in the Babylonian society.[56] According to rabbinical precepts, married Jewish women have to cover their hair, although the surviving representations of veiled Jewish women may reflect general Roman customs rather than particular Jewish practices.[56] According to Fadwa El Guindi, at the inception of Christianity, Jewish women were veiling their head and face.[5] Roman statue of a Vestal Virgin There is archeological evidence suggesting that early Christian women in Rome covered their heads.[56] Writings of Tertullian indicate that a number of different customs of dress were associated with different cults to which early Christians belonged around 200 CE.[56] The best known early Christian view on veiling is the passage in 1 Corinithians (11:4-7), which states that "every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head".[56] This view may have been influenced by Roman pagan customs, such as the head covering worn by the priestesses of Vesta (Vestal Virgins), rather than Jewish practices.[56] In turn, the rigid norms pertaining to veiling and seclusion of women found in Christian Byzantine literature have been influenced by ancient Persian traditions, and there is evidence to suggest that they differed significantly from actual practice.[57] Intermixing of populations resulted in a convergence of the cultural practices of Greek, Persian, and Mesopotamian empires and the Semitic peoples of the Middle East.[5] Veiling and seclusion of women appear to have established themselves among Jews and Christians before spreading to urban Arabs of the upper classes and eventually among the urban masses.[5] In the rural areas it was common to cover the hair, but not the face.[5] Leila Ahmed argues that "Whatever the cultural source or sources, a fierce misogyny was a distinct ingredient of Mediterranean and eventually Christian thought in the centuries immediately preceding the rise of Islam."[58] Ahmed interprets veiling and segregation of sexes as an expression of a misogynistic view of shamefulness of sex which focused most intensely on shamefulness of the female body and danger of seeing it exposed.[58] During Muhammad's lifetime Available evidence suggests that veiling was not introduced into Arabia by Muhammad, but already existed there, particularly in the towns, although it was probably not as widespread as in the neighboring countries such as Syria and Palestine.[59] Similarly to the practice among Greeks, Romans, Jews, and Assyrians, its use was associated with high social status.[59] In the early Islamic texts, term hijab does not distinguish between veiling and seclusion, and can mean either "veil" or "curtain".[60] The only verses in the Qur'an that specifically reference women's clothing are those promoting modesty, instructing women to guard their private parts and wear scarves that fall onto their breast area in the presence of men.[61] The contemporary understanding of the hijab dates back to Hadith when the "verse of the hijab" descended upon the community in 627 CE.[62] Now documented in Sura 33:53, the verse states, "And when you ask [his wives] for something, ask them from behind a partition. That is purer for your hearts and their hearts".[63] This verse, however, was not addressed to women in general, but exclusively to Muhammad's wives. As Muhammad's influence increased, he entertained more and more visitors in the mosque, which was then his home. Often, these visitors stayed the night only feet away from his wives' apartments. It is commonly understood that this verse was intended to protect his wives from these strangers.[64] During Muhammad's lifetime the term for donning the veil, darabat al-hijab, was used interchangeably with "being Muhammad's wife".[59] Later pre-modern history Young woman from Nablus in a hijab (c. 1867-1885) The practice of veiling was borrowed from the elites of the Byzantine and Persian empires, where it was a symbol of respectability and high social status, during the Arab conquests of those empires.[65] Reza Aslan argues that "The veil was neither compulsory nor widely adopted until generations after Muhammad's death, when a large body of male scriptural and legal scholars began using their religious and political authority to regain the dominance they had lost in society as a result of the Prophet's egalitarian reforms".[64] Because Islam identified with the monotheistic religions of the conquered empires, the practice was adopted as an appropriate expression of Qur'anic ideals regarding modesty and piety.[66] Veiling gradually spread to upper-class Arab women, and eventually it became widespread among Muslim women in cities throughout the Middle East. Veiling of Arab Muslim women became especially pervasive under Ottoman rule as a mark of rank and exclusive lifestyle, and Istanbul of the 17th century witnessed differentiated dress styles that reflected geographical and occupational identities.[5] Women in rural areas were much slower to adopt veiling because the garments interfered with their work in the fields.[67] Since wearing a veil was impractical for working women, "a veiled woman silently announced that her husband was rich enough to keep her idle."[68] By the 19th century, upper-class urban Muslim and Christian women in Egypt wore a garment which included a head cover and a burqa (muslin cloth that covered the lower nose and the mouth).[5] The name of this garment, harabah, derives from early Christian and Judaic religious vocabulary, which may indicate the origins of the garment itself.[5] Up grosir jilbab temanggung to the first half of the twentieth century, rural women in the Maghreb and Egypt put on a form of niqab when they visited urban areas, "as a sign of civilization".[69] Modern history A model displaying a fashionable hijab at "Moslema In Style Fashion Show" (show for Muslim women apparels) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Western clothing largely dominated in Muslim countries the 1960s and 1970s.[70][71] For example, in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran, many liberal women wore short skirts, flower printed hippie dresses, flared trousers,[72] and went out in public without the hijab.[73][74] This changed following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, military dictatorship in Pakistan, and Iranian revolution of 1979, when traditional conservative attire including the abaya, jilbab and niqab made a comeback.[75][76] There were demonstrations in Iran in March 1979, after the hijab law was brought in, decreeing that women in Iran would have to wear scarves to leave the house.[77] Play media Gamal Abdel Nasser laughing at the Muslim Brotherhood for suggesting in 1953 that women should be required to wear the hijab. In 1953 Egyptian leader President Gamal Abdel Nasser was told by the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood that they wanted to enforce the wearing of the hijab, to which Nasser responded, "Sir, I know you have a daughter in college - and she doesn't wear a headscarf or anything! Why don't you make her wear the headscarfh So you can't make one girl, your own daughter, wear it, and yet you want me to go and make ten million women wear ith" The late-twentieth century saw a resurgence of the hijab in Egypt after a long period of decline as a result of westernization. Already in the mid-1970s some college aged Muslim men and women began a movement meant to reunite and rededicate themselves to the Islamic faith.[78][79] This movement was named the Sahwah,[80] or awakening, and sparked a period of heightened religiosity that began to be reflected in the dress code.[78] The uniform adopted by the young female pioneers of this movement was named al-Islhmh (Islamic dress) and was made up of an "al-jilbhb--an unfitted, long-sleeved, ankle-length gown in austere solid colors and thick opaque fabric--and al-khimhr, a head cover resembling a nun's wimple that covers the hair low to the forehead, comes under the chin to conceal the neck, and falls down over the chest and back".[78] In addition to the basic garments that were mostly universal within the movement, additional measures of modesty could be taken depending on how conservative the followers wished to be. Some women choose to also utilize a face covering (al-niqhb) that leaves only eye slits for sight, as well as both gloves and socks in order to reveal no visible skin. Soon this movement expanded outside of the youth realm and became a more widespread Muslim practice. Women viewed this way of dress as a way to both publicly announce their religious beliefs as well as a way to simultaneously reject western influences of dress and culture that were prevalent at the time. Despite many criticisms of the practice of hijab being oppressive and detrimental to women's equality,[79] many Muslim women view the way of dress to be a positive thing. It is seen as a way to avoid harassment and unwanted sexual advances in public and works to desexualize women in the public sphere in order to instead allow them to enjoy equal rights of complete legal, economic, and political status. This modesty was not only demonstrated by their chosen way of dress but also by their serious demeanor which worked to show their dedication to modesty and Islamic beliefs.[78] Taekwondo medalists from Spain, Britain, Iran and Egypt at Rio Olympics, 2016[81] Controversy erupted over the practice. Many people, both men and women from backgrounds of both Islamic and non-Islamic faith questioned the hijab and what it stood for in terms of women and their rights. There was questioning of whether in practice the hijab was truly a female choice or if women were being coerced or pressured into wearing it.[78] Many instances, such as the Islamic Republic of Iran's current policy of forced veiling for women, have brought these issues to the forefront and generated great debate from both scholars and everyday people. As the awakening movement gained momentum, its goals matured and shifted from promoting modesty and Islamic identity towards more of a political stance in terms of retaining support for Pan-Islamism and to resist western influences. Today the hijab means many different things for different people. For Islamic women who choose to wear the hijab it allows them to retain their modesty, morals and freedom of choice.[79] They choose to cover because they believe it is liberating and allows them to avoid harassment. Many people (both Muslim and non-Muslim) are against the wearing of the hijab and argue that the hijab causes issues with gender relations, works to silence and repress women both physically and metaphorically, and have many other problems with the practice. This difference in opinions has generated a plethora of discussion on the subject, both emotional and academic, which continues today. Ever since September 11, 2001, the discussion and discourse on the hijab has intensified. Many nations have attempted to put restrictions on the hijab, which has led to a new wave of rebellion by women who instead turn to covering and wearing the hijab in even greater numbers.[79][82] Compulsion and pressure Further information: Hijab by country Some governments encourage and even oblige women to wear the hijab, while others have banned it in at least some public settings. In many parts of the world women also experience informal pressure for or against wearing hijab, including physical attacks. Legal enforcement The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia requires Muslim women to cover their hair and all women have to wear a full-body garment.[83] Saudi women commonly wear the traditional abaya robe, while foreigners sometimes opt for a long coat.[83] These regulations are enforced by the religious police and vigilantes.[83] In 2002 the Saudi religious police were accused by Saudi and international press of hindering the rescue of schoolgirls from a fire because they were not wearing hijab, which resulted in 15 deaths.[84] Iran went from banning all types of veils in 1936 to making Islamic dress mandatory for women following the Islamic Revolution in 1979. [85] In April 1980, it was decided that women in government offices and educational institutions would be mandated to veil.[85] The 1983 penal code prescribed punishment of 74 lashes for women appearing in public without Islamic hijab (hijab shar'ee), leaving the definition of proper hijab ambiguous.[86][87] The same period witnessed tensions around the definition of proper hijab, which sometimes resulted in vigilante harassment of women who were perceived to wear improper clothing.[85][86] In 1984 Tehran's public prosecutor announced that a stricter dress-code should observed in public establishments, while clothing in other places should correspond to standards observed by the majority of the people.[85] A new regulation issued in 1988 by the Ministry of the Interior based on the 1983 law further specified what constituted violations of hijab.[88] Iran's current penal code stipulates a fine or 10 days to two months in prison as punishment for failure to observe hijab in public, without specifying its form.[89][90] The dress code has been subject of alternating periods of relatively strict and relaxed enforcement over the years, with many women pushing its boundaries, and its compulsory aspect has been a point of contention between conservatives and the current president Hassan Rouhani.[89][91][92] In governmental and religious institutions, the dress code requires khimar-type headscarf and overcoat, while in other public places women commonly wear a loosely tied headscarf (rousari).Iranian government endorses and officially promotes stricter types of veiling, praising it by invoking both Islamic religious principles and pre-Islamic Iranian culture.[93] The Indonesian province of Aceh requires Muslim women to wear hijab in public.[94] Indonesia's central government granted Aceh's religious leaders the right to impose Sharia in 2001, in a deal aiming to put an end to the separatist movement in the province.[94] Legal bans Muslim world The tradition of veiling hair in Iranian culture has ancient pre-Islamic origins,[95] but the widespread custom was forcibly ended by Reza Shah's regime in 1936, as he claimed hijab to be incompatible with his modernizing ambitions and ordered "unveiling" act or Kashf-e hijab. The police arrested women who wore the veil and would forcibly remove it, and these policies outraged the Shi'a clerics, and ordinary men and women, to whom appearing in public without their cover was tantamount to nakedness. Many women refused to leave the house out of fear of being assaulted by Reza Shah's police.[96] In 1941 the compulsory element in the policy of unveiling was abandoned. Turkey, Tunisia, and Tajikistan are Muslim-majority countries where the law prohibits or recently prohibited the wearing of hijab in government buildings, schools, and universities. In Tunisia, women were banned from wearing hijab in state offices in 1981 and in the 1980s and 1990s more restrictions were put in place.[97] In 2008 the Turkish government attempted to lift a ban on Muslim headscarves at universities, but were overturned by the country's Constitutional Court.[98] In December 2010, however, the Turkish government ended the headscarf ban in universities, government buildings and schools.[99] In 2017, Tajikistan banned hijabs. Minister of Culture, Shamsiddin Orumbekzoda, told Radio Free Europe Islamic dress was "really dangerous". Under existing laws, women wearing hijabs are already banned from entering the country's government offices.[100][101] Europe On March 15, 2004, France passed a law banning "symbols or clothes through which students conspicuously display their religious affiliation" in public primary schools, middle schools, and secondary schools. In the Belgian city of Maaseik, the niqhb has been banned since 2006.[102] On July 13, 2010, France's lower house of parliament overwhelmingly approved a bill that would ban wearing the Islamic full veil in public. It became the first European country to ban the full-face veil in public places,[103] followed by Belgium, Latvia, Bulgaria, Austria, Denmark and some cantons of Switzerland in the following years. Belgium banned the full-face veil in 2011 in places like parks and on the streets. In September 2013, the electors of the Swiss canton of Ticino voted in favour of a ban on face veils in public areas.[104] In 2016, Latvia and Bulgaria banned the burqa in public places.[105][106] In October 2017, wearing a face veil became also illegal in Austria. This ban also includes scarves, masks and clown paint that cover faces to avoid discriminating against Muslim dress.[103] In 2016, Bosnia-Herzegovina's supervising judicial authority upheld a ban on wearing Islamic headscarves in courts and legal institutions, despite protests from the Muslim community that constitutes 40% of the country.[107][108] In 2017, the European Court of Justice ruled that companies were allowed to bar employees from wearing visible religious symbols, including the hijab. However, if the company has no policy regarding the wearing of clothes that demonstrate religious and political ideas, a customer cannot ask employees to remove the clothing item.[109] In 2018, Danish parliament passed a law banning the full-face veil in public places.[110] In 2016, more than 20 French towns banned the use of the burqini, a style of swimwear intended to accord with rules of hijab.[111][112][113] Dozens of women were subsequently issued fines, with some tickets citing not wearing "an outfit respecting good morals and secularism", and some were verbally attacked by bystanders when they were confronted by the police.[111][114][115][116] Enforcement of the ban also hit beachgoers wearing a wide range of modest attire besides the burqini.[111][116] Media reported that in one case the police forced a woman to remove part of her clothing on a beach in Nice.[114][115][116] The Nice mayor's office denied that she was forced to do so and the mayor condemned what he called the "unacceptable provocation" of wearing such clothes in the aftermath of the Nice terrorist attack.[111][116] A team of psychologists in Belgium have investigated, in two studies of 166 and 147 participants, whether the Belgians' discomfort with the Islamic hijab, and the support of its ban from the country's public sphere, is motivated by the defense of the values of autonomy and universalism (which includes equality), or by xenophobia/ethnic prejudice and by anti-religious sentiments. The studies have revealed the effects of subtle prejudice/racism, values (self-enhancement values and security versus universalism), and religious attitudes (literal anti-religious thinking versus spirituality), in predicting greater levels of anti-veil attitudes beyond the effects of other related variables such as age and political conservatism.[117] Unofficial pressure to wear hijab See also: Islamization of the Gaza Strip Successful informal coercion of women by sectors of society to wear hijab has been reported in Gaza where Mujama' al-Islami, the predecessor of Hamas, reportedly used "a mixture of consent and coercion" to "'restore' hijab" on urban educated women in Gaza in the late 1970s and 1980s.[118] Similar behaviour was displayed by Hamas itself during the First Intifada in Palestine. Though a relatively small movement at this time, Hamas exploited the political vacuum left by perceived failures in strategy by the Palestinian factions to call for a "return" to Islam as a path to success, a campaign that focused on the role of women.[119] Hamas campaigned for the wearing of the hijab alongside other measures, including insisting women stay at home, segregation from men and the promotion of polygamy. In the course of this campaign women who chose not to wear the hijab were verbally and physically harassed, with the result that the hijab was being worn "just to avoid problems on the streets".[120] Wearing of the hijab was enforced by the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. The Taliban required women to cover not only their head but their face as well, because "the face of a woman is a source of corruption" for men not related to them.[121] In Srinagar, the capital of Indian-administered Kashmir, a previously unknown militant group calling itself Lashkar-e-Jabbar claimed responsibility for a series of acid attacks on women who did not wear the burqa in 2001, threatening to punish women who do not adhere to their vision of Islamic dress. Women of Kashmir, most of whom are not fully veiled, defied the warning, and the attacks were condemned by prominent militant and separatist groups of the region.[122][123] In 2006, radicals in Gaza have been accused of attacking or threatening to attack the faces of women in an effort to intimidate them from wearing allegedly immodest dress.[125] In 2014 the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant was reported to have executed several women for not wearing niqab with gloves.[126] Unofficial pressure against wearing hijab In recent years, women wearing hijab have been subject of verbal and physical attacks in Western countries, particularly following terrorist attacks.[127][128][129][130] Louis A. Cainkar writes that the data suggest that women in hijab rather than men are the predominant target of anti-Muslim attacks not because they are more easily identifiable as Muslims, but because they are seen to represent a threat to the local moral order that the attackers are seeking to defend.[128] Some women stop wearing hijab out of fear or following perceived pressure from their acquaintances, but many refuse to stop wearing it out of religious conviction even when they are urged to do so for self-protection.[128] Kazakhstan has no official ban on wearing hijab, but those who wear it have reported that authorities use a number of tactics to discriminate against them.[131] In 2015 authorities in Uzbekistan organized a "deveiling" campaign in the capital city Tashkent, during which women wearing hijab were detained and taken to a police station. Those who agreed to remove their hijab were released "after a conversation", while those who refused were transferred to the counterterrorism department and given a lecture. Their husbands or fathers were then summoned to convince the women to obey the police. This followed an earlier campaign in the Fergana Valley.[132] In 2016 in Kyrgyzstan the government has sponsored street banners aiming to dissuade women from wearing the hijab.[133] Hijab discrimination in the workplace See also: Hijabophobia The issue of discrimination of Muslims is more prevalent among Muslim women due to the hijab being an observable declaration of faith. Particularly after the events of 9/11 and the coining of the term Islamophobia, some of Islamophobia's manifestations are seen within the workplace.[134] Women wearing the hijab are at risk of discrimination in their workplace because the hijab helps identify them for anyone who may hold Islamophobic attitudes.[135][136]Their association with the Islamic faith automatically projects any negative stereotyping of the religion onto them[137]. As a result of the heightened discrimination, some Muslim women in the workplace resort to taking off their hijab in hopes to prevent any further prejudice acts.[138] A number of Muslim women who were interviewed expressed that perceived discrimination also poses a problem for them.[139] To be specific, Muslim women shared that they chose not to wear the headscarf out of fear of future discrimination.[139] The discrimination Muslim women face goes beyond affecting their work experience, it also interferes with their decision to uphold religious obligations. In result of discrimination Muslim women in the United States have worries regarding their ability to follow their religion because it might mean they are rejected employment.[140] Ali, Yamada, and Mahmoud (2015)[141] state that women of color who also follow the religion of Islam are considered to be in what is called "triple jeopardy", due to being a part of two minority groups subject to discrimination. Ali et al. (2015)[141] study found a relationship between the discrimination Muslims face at work and their job satisfaction. In other words, the discrimination Muslim women face at work is associated with their overall feeling of contentment of their jobs, especially compared to other religious groups.[142] Muslim women not only experience discrimination whilst in their job environment, they also experience discrimination in their attempts to get a job. An experimental study conducted on potential hiring discrimination among Muslims found that in terms of overt discrimination there were no differences between Muslim women who wore traditional Islamic clothing and those who did not. However, covert discrimination was noted towards Muslim who wore the hijab, and as a result were dealt with in a hostile and rude manner.[143] While observing hiring practices among 4,000 employers in the U.S , experimenters found that employers who self-identified as Republican tended to avoid making interviews with candidates who appeared hMuslim on their social network pages.[144] One instance of hijab discrimination in the workplace that gained public attention and made it to the supreme court was EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch. The U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission took advantage of its power granted by Title VII and made a case for a young hijabi female who was qualified for a job, but was rejected in result of wearing the headscarf.[145] Regardless of legislation that are there for protection of religious expressions like title VII and the first amendment rights, there remains a gap in security for Muslim women who wear the hijab as it continues to violate the "look" policy most companies uphold.[145] Discrimination levels differ depending on geographical location; for example, South Asian Muslims in the United Arab Emirates do not perceive as much discrimination as their South Asian counterparts in the U.S.[146] Although, South Asian Muslim women in both locations are similar in describing discrimination experiences as subtle and indirect interactions.[146]h The same study also reports differences among South Asian Muslim women who wear the hijab, and those who do not. For non-hijabis, they reported to have experienced more perceived discrimination when they were around other Muslims.[146] Perceived discrimination is detrimental to well-being, both mentally and physically.[147] However, perceived discrimination may also be related to more positive well-being for the individual. [148] A study in New Zealand concluded that while Muslim women who wore the headscarf did in fact experience discrimination, these negative experiences were overcome by much higher feelings of religious pride, belonging, and centrality.[148] See also Merve Kavakhh Islam and clothing List of religious headgear Types of hijab Women in Islam Kashf-e hijab Covering variants Abaya Burqa Burqini Chador Cowl Ghoonghat Niqhb Paranja Purdah Sari Tagelmust (worn by men) Tudong Yashmak Non-Muslim Christian headcovering Religious habit Tichel Tzniut Notes ^ "Definition of hijab in Oxford Dictionaries (British & World English)". Oxforddictionaries.com. Retrieved 2013-04-20. ^ "Hijab - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-04-20. ^ "Hijab noun - definition in British English Dictionary & Thesaurus - Cambridge Dictionary Online". Dictionary.cambridge.org. 2013-04-16. Retrieved 2013-04-20. ^ "Definition of hijab". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 2013-04-20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m El Guindi, Fadwa; Sherifa Zahur (2009). Hijab. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. doi:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001. ISBNh9780195305135. ^ a b Glasse, Cyril, The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Altamira Press, 2001, p.179-180 ^ a b Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World (2003), p. 721, New York: Macmillan Reference USA ^ Martin et al. (2003), Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World, Macmillan Reference, ISBNh978-0028656038 ^ Fisher, Mary Pat. Living Religions. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2008. ^ Irfi.org ^ Moroccoworldnews.com ^ a b c d e Aslan, Reza, No God but God, Random House, (2005), p.65-6 ^ a b c Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. ISBNh9780300055832. Retrieved 2013-04-20. ^ Bucar, Elizabeth, The Islamic Veil. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications, 2012. ^ Evidence in the Qur'an for Covering Women's Hair, IslamOnline. ^ a b Hameed, Shahul. "Is Hijab a Qur'anic Commandmenth," IslamOnline.net. October 9, 2003. ^ Bucar, Elizabeth, The Islamic Veil. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications, 2012. ^ Kausar Khan, "Veiled Feminism: The dating scene looks a little different from behind the veil," Current (Winter 2007): 14-15. ^ The Hanbali school of thought also views the face as the awrah, though this view is rejected by Hanafis, Malikis and Shafi'is. ^ Hsu, Shiu-Sian. "Modesty." Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an. Ed. Jane McAuliffe. Vol. 3. 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March 15, 2002. ^ a b c d Ramezani, Reza (spring 2007). Hijab dar Iran az Enqelab-e Eslami ta payan Jang-e Tahmili [Hijab in Iran from the Islamic Revolution to the end of the Imposed war] (Persian), Faslnamah-e Takhassusi-ye Banuvan-e Shi'ah [Quarterly Journal of Shiite Women] 11, Qom: Muassasah-e Shi'ah Shinasi, pp. 251-300, ISSNh1735-4730 ^ a b Elizabeth M. Bucar (2011). Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics of U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi'i Women. Georgetown University Press. p.h118. ISBNh9781589017528. ^ "hhhhh hhhhhh hhhhhh (Islamic Penal Code), see hhhhh 102 (article 102)". Islamic Parliament Research Center. Retrieved Oct 12, 2016. ^ Elizabeth M. Bucar (2011). Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics of U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi'i Women. Georgetown University Press. p.h118. ISBNh9781589017528. exposure of head, hair, arms or legs, use of makeup, sheer or tight clothing, and clothes with foreign words or pictures ^ a b Sanja Kelly; Julia Breslin (2010). 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"French police make woman remove clothing on Nice beach following burkini ban". The Guardian. ^ a b c d Angelique Chrisafis (Aug 24, 2016). "French burkini ban row escalates after clothing incident at Nice beach". The Guardian. ^ Saroglou, Vassilis; Lamkaddem, Bahija; Van Pachterbeke, Matthieu; Buxant, Coralie (2009). "Host society's dislike of the Islamic veil: The role of subtle prejudice, values, and religion". International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 33 (5): 419-428. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.02.005. ^ Hammami, Rema (1990). "Women, the Hijab and the Intifada". Middle East Report (164/165): 24-78. JSTORh3012687. ^ Rubenberg, C., Palestinian Women: Patriarchy and Resistance in the West Bank (USA, 2001) p.230 ^ Rubenberg, C., Palestinian Women: Patriarchy and Resistance in the West Bank (USA, 2001) p.231 ^ M. J. Gohari (2000). The Taliban: Ascent to Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 108-110. ^ Popham, Peter (in Delhi) (30 August 2001). "Kashmir women face threat of acid attacks from militants". The Independent. Retrieved 20 April 2013. ^ "Kashmir women face acid attacks". BBC News. 10 August 2001. Retrieved 20 April 2013. ^ "Gaza women warned of immodesty". December 2, 2006. Archived from the original on June 24, 2011. ^ In 2006, a group in Gaza calling itself "Just Swords of Islam" is reported to have claimed it threw acid at the face of a young woman who was dressed "immodestly", and warned other women in Gaza that they must wear hijab.[124] ^ Syrian Women Face Whipping and Execution for Breaking Sharia Dress Code ^ Basia Spalek (2013). Basia Spalek, ed. Muslim women's safety talk and their experience of victimisation. Islam, Crime and Criminal Justice. Routledge. pp.h63-64. ISBNh9781134032839. ^ a b c Louis A. Cainkar (2009). Homeland Insecurity: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11. Russell Sage Foundation. pp.h244-245. ISBNh9781610447683. ^ Kirk Semple (Nov 25, 2015). "'I'm Frightened': After Attacks in Paris, New York Muslims Cope With a Backlash". New York Times. ^ Michelle Mark (Dec 23, 2015). "Muslim Hate Crimes Soar In UK: After Paris Attacks, Women Wearing Hijab Targeted By Young White Men". International Business Times. ^ Farangis Najibullah (March 20, 2011). "Hijab Now A Hot Topic In Kazakhstan". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. ^ Bruce Pannier, Farruh Yusupov (June 14, 2015). "'Deveiling' Drive Moves To Uzbekistan's Capital". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. ^ BBC Trending (13 August 2016). "Kyrgyzstan president: 'Women in mini skirts don't become suicide bombers'". BBC. ^ Tahmincioglu, E. (2010, September 13). Muslims face growing bias in the workplace. NBC News. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com ^ Ali, Saba Rasheed; Liu, William Ming; Humedian, Majeda (2004). "Islam 101: Understanding the Religion and Therapy Implications". Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 35 (6): 635-642. CiteSeerXh10.1.1.569.7436. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.35.6.635. ^ Council on American-Islamic Relations. (2008). The status of Muslim civil rights in the United States. [DX Reader version]. Retrieved fromh http://cairunmasked.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/2008-Civil-Rights-Report.pdf ^ Ghumman, S., & Jackson, L. (2010). The downside of religious attire: the Muslim headscarf and expectations of obtaining employment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 4-23 ^ Cole, Darnell; Ahmadi, Shafiqa (2003). "Perspectives and Experiences of Muslim Women Who Veil on College Campuses". Journal of College Student Development. 44: 47-66. doi:10.1353/csd.2003.0002. ^ a b Reeves, T., Mckinney, A., & Azam, L. (2012). Muslim women's workplace experiences: Implications for strategic diversity initiatives. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(1), 49-67. ^ Hamdani, D. (2005, March). Triple jeopardy: Muslim women's experience of discrimination. Canadian Council of Muslim Women. Retrieved from http://archive.ccmw.com/publications/triple_jeopardy.pdfh (do we italicize the councilh) ^ a b Ali, S., Yamada, T., & Mahmood, A. (2015). Relationships of the practice of Hijab, workplace discrimination, social class, job stress, and job satisfaction among Muslim American women. Journal of Employment Counseling, 52(4), 146-157 ^ Younis, M. (2009, March 2). Muslim Americans exemplify diversity, potential. Gallup. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/116260/muslim-americans-exemplify-diversity-potential.aspx ^ Ahmad, A. S., King, E. B.(2010). An experimental field study of interpersonal discrimination toward Muslim job applicants. Personnel Psychology, 63(4), 881-906 ^ Acquisti, A., & Fong, C. M. (2013). An experiment in hiring discrimination via online social networks. Social Science Research Network. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfmhabstract_id=2031979 ^ a b Harrison, A. K. (2016). Hiding under the veil of "dress policy": Muslim women, hijab, and employment discrimination in the United States. Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law, 17(3), 831 ^ a b c Pasha-Zaidi, N. (2015). Judging by appearances: Perceived discrimination among South Asian Muslim women in the US and the UAE. Journal of International Women's Studies,16(2), 70-97 ^ Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 531 ^ a b Jasperse, Marieke Lyniska (2009). "Persevere in Adversity: Perrceived Religious Discrimination and Islamic Identity as Predictors of Psychological Wellbeing in Muslim Women in New Zealand" (PDF). New Zealand: Victoria University of Wellington. hdl:10063/1005. References Ahmed, Leila (1992). Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBNh978-0-300-05583-2. Aslan, Reza, No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam, Random House, 2005 Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2002). Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power. Yale University Press. ISBNh978-0-300-09422-0. El Guindi, Fadwa (1999). Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance. Oxford: Berg. ISBNh978-1-85973-929-7. Elver, Hilal. The Headscarf Controversy: Secularism and Freedom of Religion (Oxford University Press; 2012); 265 pages; Criticizes policies that serve to exclude pious Muslim women from the public sphere in Turkey, France, Germany, and the United States. Esposito, John (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBNh978-0-19-512558-0.External links Wikiquote has quotations related to: Hijab Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hijab. Wikinews has previous reports related to this article: Grand Ayatollah Makarem-Shirazi urges compulsory [hijab][http://www.Hijabtendz.com Hijab] Jack Straw urges Muslim women to drop full veil Madani High School requires non-Muslim girls to wear hijabs Iran's morality police crack down on un-Islamic dressIn graphics: Muslim veils." BBC. - Drawings of different types of Islamic women's clothing ReOrienting the Veil - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill with support from the Center of European Studies - Website discussing global hijab usagevteIslamic female dressTypes Abaya Battoulah Boshiya Burqa Burkini harhaf Chador Dupatta Haik Hijab Jilbhb Khimar Niqhb Paranji Shayla Tudong YashmakBy country Australia Canada Egypt France Indonesia Iran Malaysia Pakistan Saudi Arabia Taliban Afghanistan TurkeyConcepts Andaruni Awrah Gender segregation Purdah Zenana vteHats and capsWestern cultureFormal Men: Top Opera Women: Cartwheel Cloche Cocktail Doll Draped turban Eughnie Fascinator Half Halo Juliet Mushroom Lampshade Picture Peach Pillbox TamSemi-formal Homburg Anthony Eden Boater BowlerInformal Cabbage-tree Chupalla Fedora Trilby Flat Coppola Newsboy Panama Pork pie SmokingUniforms Aviator Bearskin Bicorne Black Boonie Budenovka Busby Campaign Canadian military fur wedge Cappello Alpino Casquette d'Afrique Caubeen Cavalry Stetson Czapka Doctoral Forage Karvalakki Feather bonnet Hardee Kepi Nurse's Maintenance/Chapeau Military beret/Uniform beret Black Blue Green Maroon Red Tan Patrol Peaked Mariner's Sailor Printer's Rogatywka Shako Side Titovka Triglavka Ski Slouch Sou'wester Student Faluche Square academic Tricorne Utility coverReligiousChristian Biretta Canterbury Camauro Capirote Cappello romano Capuchon Headcovering Easter bonnet Mantilla Klobuk Epanokalimavkion Kalimavkion Koukoulion Mitre Pilgrim's Salvation Army bonnet Shovel Skufia ZucchettoJewish Jewish Kashket Kippah Kolpik Spodik Shtreimel TembelCasual Animal Ascot Barretina Beanie Beret Bobble Breton Bucket Chilote Cowboy Boss of the Plains Fruit Knit Monmouth Party Tin foil Umbrella WhoopeeSports Cricket Baggy green Balaclava Baseball Trucker Bicycle clip Casquette Deerstalker Mounteere Rally Shower Sports visor Green eyeshade Stormy KromerHistorical Attifet Apex Beaver Berghre Boudoir Boyar Bycocket Capotain Cavalier Coal scuttle bonnet Coif Dolly Varden Dunce Fontange French hood Phrygian Hennin Kausia Kokoshnik Miner's Mob Modius Pamela Petasos Pileus Poke bonnet Pudding Toque WitchFolk Albanian Arakhchin Asian conical Aso Oke Ayam Balmoral bonnet Bell-boy Beonggeoji Bhaad-gaaule topi Blangkon Blue bonnet Chapan Chengziguan Chullo Coloured Coonskin Cork Dhaka topi Doppa Dutch Energy dome Fez Four Winds Fujin Fulani Gandhi Gat Glengarry Icelandic tail Jaapi Jobawi Kalpak Karakul Kasa Kashket Keffiyeh Kofia Kufi Lika Ming Montenegrin Montera picona Mooskappe Nambawi Nhn quai thao Ochipok Paag Pahlavi Pakol Papakha Pashteen Pungcha Qeleshe Qing Rastacap hajkaha Salako Salakot Senufo Bird hibenik Sindhi Sombrero Sombrero calahhs Sombrero cordobhs Sombrero de catite Sombrero vueltiao Song Songkok Straw hubara Sun Tam o' shanter Tang Tanggeon Tantour Taqiyah Tokin Topor Tsunokakushi Tubeteika Tuque Tyrolean Ushanka Welsh YanggwanWrapped headwear Apostolnik Bashlyk Birrus Bonnet Boshiya Burqa Caul Chador Chaperon Cornette Dastar Do-rag Dumalla Emamah Ghonnella Gook Gugel Gulle Haredi burqa sect Hijab Hogeon Hood Jangot Litham Mysore Peta Niqhb Pagri Paranja Pheta Puneri Pagadi Roach Snood Tichel Tudong Turban Veil YashmakHat parts Agal Aigrette Brim Bumper brim Campaign Cords Cointoise Gamsbart Hackle Lappet Plume Sarpech VisorAccessories Cockade Hat box Hatpin Portal Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.phphtitle=Hijab&oldid=866350582"

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Pilihan Editor | Reuters.com

Norbanu, 60 tahun Rohingya, berbicara dengan putrinya pacar, yang sekarang di Indonesia, dari internet hut di Thae Chaung desa, rumah bagi ribuan pengungsi Muslim Rohingya di dekat Sittwe, Negara bagian Rakhine, Myanmar, 14 februari 2015. Dia memiliki...more

Reuters / kamis, februari 26, 2015 Norbanu, 60 tahun shop Rohingya, berbicara dengan putrinya pacar, yang sekarang di Indonesia, dari internet hut di Thae Chaung desa, rumah untuk ribuan pengungsi Muslim Rohingya di dekat Sittwe, Negara bagian Rakhine, Myanmar, 14 februari 2015. Dia telah melanggar janjinya untuk mengirim untuknya, Norbanu mengatakan kepadanya, jadi dia sekarang akan menikahkan putrinya dengan laki-laki lain. Operator gubuk biaya pelanggan 10 sen per menit untuk berbicara dengan kerabat yang telah meninggalkan Negara bagian Rakhine dengan perahu untuk mencari pekerjaan di luar negeri. Di sebuah kamp untuk pengungsi Muslim Rohingya, warga sering bambu "internet gubuk" di mana mereka dapat berkomunikasi dengan kerabat yang meninggalkan negara itu, melarikan diri dari kekerasan yang menyebabkan 200 orang tewas dan kiri lebih dari 140.000 kehilangan tempat tinggal di tahun 2012. Beberapa tiba dengan selamat, sementara yang lain ditahan untuk tebusan oleh pedagang manusia di site kamp-kamp di hutan Thailand atau Malaysia. REUTERS/Minzayar Close

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Nike meluncurkan high-tech jilbab bagi perempuan Muslim atlet

(Reuters) - saham Nike Inc (NKE.N) akan meluncurkan jilbab bagi perempuan Muslim atlet awal tahun depan, menjadi besar pertama pakaian olahraga maker untuk menawarkan Islam tradisional jilbab dirancang khusus untuk kompetisi, perusahaan mengatakan pada hari rabu. Seorang wanita berpose di Nike jilbab yang dikembangkan untuk perempuan Muslim atlet, dalam undate foto yang dirilis oleh perusahaan 8 Maret 2017. Vivienne Balla/Nike/Handout via REUTERS penutup kepala, dipasarkan dengan "Pro Hijab" merek, dirancang untuk memungkinkan atlet untuk mengamati tradisional praktek Islam yang meliputi kepala tanpa mengorbankan kinerja. Terbuat fahruni hijab dari ringan, fleksibel, bahan jilbab ini, diharapkan untuk memukul toko-toko rak-rak di awal 2018, Nike mengatakan dalam sebuah pernyataan. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, jilbab telah menjadi simbol yang paling terlihat dari budaya Islam di Amerika Serikat dan Eropa. Banyak wanita Muslim yang menutupi kepala mereka di depan umum dengan hijab sebagai tanda kerendahan hati, tetapi beberapa kritikus melihat hal itu sebagai tanda perempuan penindasan. Dengan kepekaan yang lebih dari imigrasi dan ancaman ekstremisme Muslim, jilbab telah menyebabkan serangan terhadap perempuan Muslim. Pada saat yang sama, hijab telah berkembang dalam simbol keberagaman bahwa Nike telah memeluk.

Perempuan Maret di Washington, yang diselenggarakan sehari setelah Presiden Donald Trump pelantikan, digunakan wajah seorang wanita yang mengenakan jilbab di bendera Amerika pola seperti gambar promosi. Atlet Muslim di Nike bermarkas di Beaverton, Oregon, Portland, telah mengeluh tentang kesulitan mengenakan jilbab saat bertanding, menurut perusahaan. Perusahaan berkonsultasi dengan wanita Muslim atlet dari seluruh dunia, termasuk Timur Tengah pelari dan pengendara sepeda, dalam mendesain hijab. Lain-lain perusahaan juga telah menetapkan pandangan mereka pada penjualan jilbab untuk atlet Muslim. Tahun lalu, denmark perusahaan pakaian olahraga Hummel meluncurkan jersey sepak bola dengan aplikasi yang terpasang jilbab untuk Afghanistan tim nasional sepak bola wanita. Non-profesional wanita Muslim atlet telah digunakan atletik jilbab dibuat oleh perusahaan yang lebih kecil. Tapi Nike penjualan bersih tahunan dalam miliaran, dan jangkauannya dalam budaya populer, dapat berbuat lebih banyak untuk membawa atlet Muslim ke flip, kata Amna Al Haddad, yang disponsori Nike angkat besi dari uni Emirat Arab, yang berkonsultasi pada "Pro Hijab." "(Itu akan) mendorong generasi baru untuk mengejar olahraga tanpa merasa ada pembatasan karena kesopanan atau dress-code," kata Haddad. Pelaporan oleh Laila Kearney; Editing oleh Richard Chang

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Jerman mencoba 94 tahun SS penjaga kamp sebagai remaja

Jerman mencoba 94 tahun SS penjaga kamp sebagai remaja / Boing Boing Pixelmash: membuat resolusi-independen pixel art Pixelmash pintar memang: membuat resolusi-independen seni dengan bentuk yang unik, kecepatan angin dan seperti hijab yang anda mungkin di lain aplikasi lukisan, kemudian biarkan nondestructively pixelize, dengan 1 pixel menguraikan, disesuaikan gradien dan dithering. Pixelmash resolusi-kemerdekaan yang memungkinkan anda melakukan hal-hal yang benar-benar keren... Seperti membuat animasi menggunakan lapisan mengubah daripada harus melukis setiap frame [...] BACA SISA