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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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List of 188 Japanese particles with meaning / usage

は (wa)Indicantes the topic of a sentence

か (ka)At the end of a sentence indicating a question

が (ga)Indicates the subject of a sentence

に (ni)Indicates a location

の (no)Indicates possession

は (wa)Indicates a contrast between 2 items

に (ni)Indicates time or frequency

へ (e)Indicates direction

を (wo/o)Indicates the direct object of a verb

と (to)Used to connect and list up multiple items

や (ya)Used to connect and partially list up multiple items

など (nado)Used with や (ya) to partially list up multiple items

�� (mo)means “too”, “either”, “also”

も (mo)both…and…, neither…nor…

に (ni)Indicates the indirect object of a verb

に (ni)Indicates the surface of a object where some action takes place

で (de)Indicates the location of an action

と (to)Together with

の (no)Indicates an apposition

から (kara)Indicates a starting point in time or place

より (yori)Indicates a starting point in time or place but more formal than kara (20)

まで (made)Indicates a limit on time, space or quantity

くらい (kurai)Indicates an approximate amount

ほど (hodo)Indicates an approximate amount

ばかり(bakari)Indicates an approximate amount

で (de)Indicates a means or material

か (ka)Indicates a choice or alternative

を (wo/o)Indicates a point of departure

を (wo/o)Indicates a route of a movement/motion

に (ni)Indicates a point of arrival

に (ni)Indicates an entering motion

に (ni)Used together with a verb to express a purpose

と (to)Used when quoting someone

という (to iu)Indicates the name of something

とか (toka)“something like”

で (de)Indicates a limit or scope

と (to)Indicates a comparison

より (yori)Indicates a comparison

より (yori)Indicates superlative

くらい (kurai)Indicates a comparison

ほど (hodo)Indicates a comparison in a negative sentence

か (ka)someone, something

も (mo)“nothing”, nobody”, nowhere” if used with an interrogative word

に (ni)Used with a verb to indicate a change or choice

をする (wo/o suru)Expresses an occupation or position

でも (demo)Indicates emphasis

でも (demo)Together with an interrogative word it means “anything”, “anyone”, any time”

で (de)Indicates a cause or a reason

から (kara)Indicates a source such as a giver, a cause or material

に (ni)Indicates a person who gives something or who provides a service

は (wa) + が (ga)Indicates the relation between an object / subjects and a verb or adjective

が (ga)Connects two sentences with the meaning “but…”

を (wo/o)Used with an verb expressing emotions, it indicates the cause of this emotion

で (de)Indicates a state / condition of something

で (de)Limits numbers

だけ (dake)Indicates a limit on things or amounts

だけ (dake)Indicates a limit on an action or state

で (de)Indicates the time of completion or expiration of something

でも (demo)Following a noun, means “or something like this”

も (mo)Emphasizes in a positive or negative way

でも (demo)Indicates two or more items as an example of a larger list

ばかり (bakari)Indicates that an item, state or action is a single one

ばかり (bakari)Indicates an action was just completed

ところ (tokoro)Indicates that an action takes place, just took place or is about to take place

が (ga)Indicates the subject of subordinate clause when it is different from the subject of the main clause

から (kara)conjunction meaning “after” or “since”

ながら (nagara)Indicates that an action is happening simultaneously

が (ga)Indicates the subject of a relative clause

の (no)Indicates the subject of a relative clause

から (kara)Used as a conjunction and indicates a cause or reason

ので (node)Indicates a strong reason

の (no)Indicates a modified pronoun

の (no)Used to nominalize verbs & sentences

なら (nara)Used as a conjunction and indicates a supposition or condition

なら (nara)Indicates a topics and is used as an alternative to wa (No.1)

と (to)Indicates a condition that results in an inevitable outcome

ば (ba)Used as a conjunction to express a probable results

ばいい (ba)“all you have to do…”

ば (ba)Used to enumerate two or more actions or states

たら (tara)Used as a conjunction, indicates a supposition or condition

たら (tara)Used as a conjunction to indicate that one action takes place before the action described in the main sentence

ところ (tokoro)Used as a conjunction to indicate a condition that brings about a discovery

ても (temo)a conjunction meaning “even if”

ても (temo)Used with a set of contrasting verbs and adjectives

ても (temo)Together with an interrogative word it means “no matter what/where/who”

ては (tewa)Indicates a condition which will bring a negative conclusion

のみ (nomi)Indicates a limit (similar to だけ　dake)

まで (made)“even”, used to emphasize

さえ (sae)“even”, used to emphasize

さえ (sae)“if only” or “as long as”

のに (noni)“although”, “in spite of the fact that”

ながら (nagara)“although”, “though”, “but”

とか (toka)Indicates that a list of two ore more things or actions is not exhaustive

たり (tari)List of two or more actions in no particular sequence

たり (tari)Indicates actions or states that alternate

のに (noni)Indicates a purpose or function

のです (no desu)Asks for an explanation or reason

きり (kiri)Indicates a limit to an amount

きり (kiri)Indicates the last time a certain incident occured

とも (tomo)Used with numbers and counters to mean “both” or “all”

ながら (nagara)Used with numbers and counters to mean “both” or “all”

しか (shika)Used with a negative verb to indicate limits on conditions or quantities meaning “only”

しかない (shika nai)used with a verb meaning “to have no choice but to”

し (shi)Used as a conjunction, indicating two or more actions or states

し (shi)Used as a conjunction indicating a reason

とも (tomo)Indicates inclusion

に (ni)Indicates the one acting or the one acted upon

か (ka)Indicates uncertainty about something

か (ka)Indicates uncertainty about a state or reason

だの (dano) Indicates two or more items or actions of a longer list (similar to toka とか)

だの (dano)Indicates a pair of opposite actions or states

など (nado)“something to the effect”

やら (yara)Indicates two or more items of a longer list

やら (yara)Indicates uncertainty

ても (temo)Indicates an approximate limit with the meaning of “at the most”

とも (tomo)Indicates an approximate maximum or minimum

は (wa)Indicates that a number is the higher or lowest limit

と (to)Emphasizes a number in a negative sentence

など (nado)Indicates examples

くらい (kurai)Expresses an extent of an action or condition similar to ぐらい gurai

ほど (hodo)Indicates the extend of an action or condition

ほど (hodo)“the more… the more…”

だけ (dake)“as… as…”

だけ (dake)“the more… the more…”

と (to)“about to do something”, “trying to do something”

と (to)“even if…”, “whether… or not”

なり (nari)“either…”, “whether…or”

なり (nari)“anything”, “anyone”, “any time”

こそ (koso)Emphasizes the word preceding it

こそ (koso)Emphasizes a reason or a cause

ては (tewa)Expresses repetition of an action

に (ni)Joins two or more nouns to indicate a list of items

に (ni)Connects two or more items to indicate a matching or a contrast

にしては (ni shite wa)Indicates a generally agreed upon standard

にとって (ni totte)Indicates an effect or value of a person or thing

について (ni tsuite)“about”, “concerning” something or someone

とも…とも (tomo… tomo)“can’t say whether… or…”

が (ga)“even if”, “whether… or not”

は (wa)Emphasizes contrasting elements

として (toshite)Indicates status, capacity or function

として (toshite)Provides emphasis in a negative sentence

ばかりでなく(bakari de naku)“not only… but also”

だけ (dake) used to express “not only…but also”

のみ (nomi)used to express “not only…but also”

なり (nari)“as soon as”

146がはやいか (ga hayai ka)“as soon as”

やいなや (ya ina ya)“as soon as”

かないうちに (ka nai uchi ni)“no sooner had”, “hardly had”

��かり (bakari)Indicates the only action left to do

ばかりに (bakari ni)Emphasizes a reason or cause

すら (sura)Emphasizes in the meaning of “even”

など (nado)Expresses a humble attitude towards an item

とも (tomo)“no matter what”, “even if”

ともあろうひと (tomo aroo hito)To express that someone did something not to be expected

どころか (dokoro ka)“far from”, “not to mention”

だけに (dake ni)Indicates a cause or reason

までもない (made mo nai)“there is no need to…”

ものの (mono no)“but” or “although”

ところで (tokoro de)“even if”

けれども (keredomo)Connects 2 sentences meaning “but” or “although”

けれども (keredomo)Indicates a preliminary remark

が (ga)Used to soften a statement or refusal

けれども (keredomo)Indicates a desire

ね (ne)At the end of a sentence to confirm a statement

ね (ne)At the end of a sentence to soften a request or suggestion

ね (ne)At the end of a sentence to indicate a reason or cause

ねえ (nee)At the end of a sentence to indicate emotion

よ (yo)At the end of a sentence to state a strong conviction

よ (yo)At the end of a sentence to articulate a request or suggestion

かしら (kashira)At the end of a sentence to express uncertainty, a request or a question and mainly used by women

かな (kana)At the end of a sentence to express uncertainty, a request or a question and mainly used by men

な (na)At the end of a sentence and used by men to confirm a statement

な (na)At the end of a sentence to express a prohibition, used by men

なあ (naa)At the end of a sentence to express emotion, used by men

なあ (naa)At the end of a sentence to express a desire

の (no)At the end of a sentence to express a question or soften a command, used by women

わ (wa)At the end of a sentence to soften a statement, used by women

さ (sa)At the end of a sentence to indicate slight emphasis, used by men

こと (koto)At the end of a sentence to indicate emotion, used by women

こと (koto)At the end of a sentence to express a suggestion or invitation, used by women

もの (mono)At the end of a sentence to express a reason or excuse

とも (tomo)At the end of a sentence to express an assertion

ものか (monoka)At the end of a sentence to express a negative determination, used by men

や (ya)At the end of a sentence to soften a statement, request or suggestion, used by men

たら (tara)At the end of a sentence to indicate a suggestion or proposal

やら (yara)At the end of a sentence to indicate a rhetorical question with a negative implication

ぜ (ze)At the end of a sentence to add for to sentence, used by men

ぞ (zo)At the end of a sentence to add force to a sentence or to express a question to oneself

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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List of Useful Travel Phrase in Japanese

Below you can find a lot of useful phrase that will help you travel in Japan easier.

If you need more phrases, be sure to check out this app here! You will also find some basic Japanese lessons, sound files, and features to help you study Japanese easier!

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Helpful Phrase

こんにちは konnichiwa: “Hello” or “Good Evening” お願いします onegaishimasu: please *Learn more about this word* すみません sumimasen: “Excuse me” or “Sorry” ありがとうございます arigatou gozaimasu: Thank you (Place/Location) はどこですか？ … wa doko desu ka? : Where is …? 分かりません wakarimasen: I don’t understand 英語話せませんか? eigo hanasemasenka? : Can you speak English? いくらですか? ikura desu ka?: How much?

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Helpful Words

ここ koko: here そこ soko: there あそこ asoko: over there これ kore: this それ sore: that あれ are: that over there こちら kochira: this way そちら sochira: that way あちら achira: that way (over there) *Did you notice a pattern here? Check this article for more information.

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Places

トイレ toire: toilet 駅 eki: station バス停 basu tei: bus stop 病�� byouin: hospital 店 mise: shop 公園 kouen: public park 空港 kuukou: airport …………………………………………

Transportation

電車 densha: train 車 kuruma: car バス basu: bus タクシー takushii: taxy 飛行機 hikouki: airplane …………………………………………

Food

レストラン resutoran: restaurant 英語のメニュー eigo no menyuu: English menu 卵 tamago: egg 豚肉 buta niku: pork 牛肉 gyuu niku: beef 鳥肉 tori niku: chicken meat お茶 ocha: green tea ご飯 gohan: rice 野菜 yasai: vegetable 果物 kudamono: fruits お会計 okaikei: bill

Happy learning °˖✧◝(⁰▿⁰)◜✧˖°

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Useful Links:

• CrunchyNihongo - Easy to Learn Japanese Lessons Site • Get our easy Japan lessons on your facebook timeline • FREE DOWNLOAD! Resourceful app to start learning Japanese! • Books to guide & help you learn Japanese

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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Japanese Aisatsu (greetings) list

Common Greetings

おはよう ohayou: Good Morning (from sunrise to 10.00) おはようございます ohayou gozaimasu: Good Morning (more polite) こんにちは konnichiwa: Good Evening (from 10.00 to dark) こんばんは konbanwa: Good Night (once dark) あきましておめでとう akimashite omedetou: Happy new year (used only after 1st of Jan). お誕生日おめでとう otanjoubi omedetou: Happy birthday おめでとう omedetou: Congratulations おめでとうございます omedetou gozaimasu: Congratulations (more polite) もしもし moshi moshi:Hello (only used on phone)

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Saying Goodbye

おやすみなさい oyasuminasai: Have a good night sleep / good night (when someone about to sleep) さようなら sayounara: Goodbye (for a long time) じゃまた ja mata: Okay, bye! また後で mata ato de: See you next time また明日 mata ashita: See you tomorrow

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Introduction

初めまして hajimemashite: Nice to meet you (used in the first meeting) よろしくお願いします yoroshiku onegaishimasu: Please take care of me (used at the end of a self-introduction) *Learn more about these words*

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Cultural Greeting at home

行ってきます ittekimasu: I’m leaving (used when going outside the house. Literally means “I will go and come back”) 行ってらしゃい itterasshai: Proper response for 行ってきます (ittekimasu), literally means “please go and come back”. ただいま tadaima: Translated as “I’m back”. おかえり okaeri: Translated as “Welcome home”. Proper response for ただいま (tadaima). おかえりなさい okaerinasai: A more polite version of おかえり (okaeri). いただきます itadakimasu: Thanks for the food! (Used when you’re about to eat). ごちそうさまでした gochisousama deshita: What a well prepared dish! (Used after you eat as a compliment to the one who prepared it). おじゃまします ojamashimasu:Sorry for intruding (Used when entering other people’s house) 気をつけてください ki o tsukete kudasai: Please be careful. 気をつけて! ki o tsukete!: Be careful!

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Thank you & Sorry

ありがとう arigatou: Thank you ありがとうございます arigatou gozaimasu: Thank you (more polite) ごめんなさい gomennasai: I’m sorry (often used for someone equal or lower status) ごめん gomen: Less polite version of ごめんなさい (gomennasai) すみません sumimasen: Excuse me / Sorry (a polite word) 申し訳ありません moushiwake arimasen: I apologize (a formal apology used by worker when apologizing to guest. Literally means “I have no excuse”) おまたせしました omataseshimashita: Thanks for waiting (used by worker to guest)

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Work related and other useful phrases

どうぞゆっくりしてください douzo yukkuri shite kudasai: Please take your time. おかげさまです okagesama desu: It all thanks to you. (common greeting used when you’re about to leave from work or after you finish some work with someone). お先に osaki ni: This phrase is used as a goodbye greeting when you’re about to leave the office before someone else. お願いします onegaishimasu : Please. *Learn more about this word* 頑張ってください ganbatte kudasai: Good luck! (used to give encouragement to people so they can do well on something) 頑張って ganbatte: Good luck! (less polite version). お元気で ogenki de: Take care of your health お元気です ogenki desu: I’m doing good / I’m well どうぞ douzo: A phrase used to let someone do something or when you give something to someone.

Happy learning °˖✧◝(⁰▿⁰)◜✧˖°

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Useful Links:

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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List of Adjectives in Japanese

Red: あかい（赤い）Akai

New: あたらしい（新しい）Atarashi

Hot: あつい（暑い）Atsui

Thick: あつい（厚い）Atsui

Sweet: あまい（甘い） Amai

Good: いい Ii

Thin: うすい　Usui

Noisy: うるさい　Urusai

Many: おおい（多い）Ooi

Large: おおきい（大きい）Ookii

Heavy: おもい（重い）Omoi

Interesting: おもしろい　Omoshiroi

Light: かるい（軽い）Karui

Dirty: 　きたない（汚い）Kitanai

Strict: きびしい　Kibishii

Attractive: きれい（な）Kirei(na)

Healthy: げんき（な）（元気な）Genki(na)

Quiet: しずか（な）（静か（な））Shizuka(na)

White: 　しろい（白い）Shiroi

Kind: 　しんせつ（な）（親切（な））Shinsetsu(na)

Few: 　すくない（少ない） Sukunai

Small in area: せまい（狭い）Semai

Hated: だいきらい（な）（大嫌い（な））Daikirai(na)

Favorite: だいすき（な）（大好き（な））Daisuki(na)

Expensive: たかい　(高い）Takai

Small: 　ちさい（小さい）Chisai

Near: ちかい（近い）　Chikai

Boring: つまらない Tsumaranai

Far: とおい（遠い）Tooi

Long: ながい（長い） Nagai

Lively: にぎやか（な）Nigiyaka(na)

Low: きくい（低い）Hikui

Spacious: ひろい（広い） Hiroi

Inconvenient: ふべん（な）（不便（な）） Fuben(na)

Old: ふるい（古い） Furui

Convenient: べんり（な）（便利（な）） Benri(na)

Short: みじかい（短い） Mijikai

Bad tasting: まずい Mazui

Serious: まじめ Majime

Difficult: むずかしい（難しい） Muzukashii

Easy: やさしい（優しい） Yasashii

Inexpensive: やすい（安い） Yasui

Famous: ゆうめい（な）（有名（な）） Yumei(na)

Young: わかい（若い） Wakai

Bad: わるい（悪い） Warui

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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language moodboard: japanese / 日本語

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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when did the Japanese start eating eggs? a long たまご.

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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We start moving on to JLPT N4 lessons now! ;)

Happy learning °˖✧◝(⁰▿⁰)◜✧˖°

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Useful Links:

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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Weather & Seasons | In Japan Hey guys, today we’re gonna talk about the seasons and weather in Japanese! It’s common to talk about the weather in any language when making small talk, so let’s check out what you might say in Japanese! Winter・冬・ふゆ In Japan Winter is from December to February! In Northern and Central Japan you’re likely to experience snowfall during Winter. Spring・春・はる In Japan Spring is from March to May! The Cherry Blossoms bloom during Spring. Summer・夏・なつ In Japan Summer is from June to August! There’s a month long rainy period during Summer in Japan. Besides the rainy season it’s generally very hot and humid. Autumn・秋・あき In Japan Autumn is from September to November! Autumn in Japan is very cool and breezy. Vocabulary Seasons・季節・きせつ Autumn・秋・あき Dry Season・乾季・かんき Four Seasons・四季・しき Rainy Season・雨期・うき Spring・春・はる Summer・夏・なつ Winter・冬・ふゆ Weather・天気・てんき Cloud・雲・くも Cloudy・曇り・くもり Cool・涼しい・すずしい Cold・寒い・さむい Flood・洪水・こうずい Fog・霧・きり

Evening Fog・夕霧・ゆうぎり

Morning Fog・朝霧・あさぎり

Hail・雹・ひょう Heavy Rain・大雨・おおあめ Heavy Snow・大雪・おおゆき Hot・暑い・あつい Humidity・湿度・しつど Hurricane・ハリケーン Rain・雨・あめ Snow・雪・ゆき Sun・太陽・たいよう Sunny・晴れ・はれ Temperature・温度・おんど Thunder・雷・かみなり Tsunami・津波・つなみ Typhoon・台風・たいふう Warm・暖かい・あたたかい Weather Forecast・天気予報・てんきよほう Wind・風・かぜ You can add the word 「とても」, which means ‘very’, before the phrases to emphasise the weather. For example, to say that it’s very cold 「とても寒い」or very hot「とても暑い」. Expressions: e.g. 風が強いです。 It’s windy. 今日はいい天気です。 The weather today is nice. ひどい天気ですね。 Terrible weather, isn’t it?I 外は雨が降っています。 It’s raining outside. ここ最近はとても暑いですね。 It’s been very hot lately, hasn’t it?

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jap-studies · 8 years ago

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50 Japanese Particles

は (wa): Indicates the topic of a sentence か (ka): Placed at the end of a sentence to indicate a question が (ga): Indicates the subject of a sentence に (ni): Indicates a location の (no): Indicates possession は (wa): Indicates a contrast between 2 items に (ni): Indicates time or frequency へ (e): Indicates direction を (wo/o): Indicates the direct object of a verb と (to): Used to connect and list up multiple items や (ya): Used to connect and partially list up multiple items など (nado): Used with や (ya) to partially list up multiple items も (mo): means “too”, “either”, “also” も (mo): both…and…, neither…nor… に (ni): Indicates the indirect object of a verb に (ni): Indicates the surface of a object where some action takes place で (de): Indicates the location of an action と (to): “Together with”, の (no): Indicates an apposition から (kara): Indicates a starting point in time or place より (yori): Indicates a starting point in time or place but more formal than から (kara) まで (made): Indicates a limit on time, space or quantity くらい (kurai): Indicates an approximate amount ほど (hodo): Indicates an approximate amount ばかり (bakari): Indicates an approximate amount で (de): Indicates a means or material か (ka): Indicates a choice or alternative を (wo/o): Indicates a point of departure を (wo/o): Indicates a route of a movement/motion に (ni): Indicates a point of arrival に (ni): Indicates an entering motion に (ni): Used together with a verb to express a purpose と (to): Used when quoting someone という (to iu): Indicates the name of something と�� (toka): “something like” で (de): Indicates a limit or scope と (to): Indicates a comparison より (yori): Indicates a comparison より (yori): Indicates superlative くらい (kurai): Indicates a comparison ほど (hodo): Indicates a comparison in a negative sentence か (ka): someone, something も (mo): “nothing”, nobody”, nowhere” if used with an interrogative word に (ni): Used with a verb to indicate a change or choice をする (wo/o suru): Expresses an occupation or position でも (demo): Indicates emphasis でも (demo): Together with an interrogative word it means “anything”, “anyone”, any time” で (de): Indicates a cause or a reason から (kara): Indicates a source such as a giver, a cause or material に (ni): Indicates a person who gives something or who provides a service

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