jennyurquizasblog

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog Post #10 - Week 13

How has the process of traveling and passing through customs changed since 9/11?

As we discussed in class, traveling internationally has undergone significant changes since 9/11. Growing up, I have always traveled, but I would often go to the border and then fly from Tijuana to Mexico City, as my dad would say it was easier to travel that way. But even with that, crossing the border, even to this day, I always get nervous when going through customs. Interestingly, however, it has become easier to cross because of the CBX; previously, one would have to wait hours to cross, and now it only takes around 20 minutes.

How has the aftermath of 9/11 changed how people are viewed?

With what happened with 9/11, everybody started viewing people with brown skin as terrorists. As we discussed, it came up that someone of Latinx heritage was viewed as a terrorist because of looking like someone who was Middle Eastern. People would doubt or call anyone with brown skin a terrorist. And because of 9/11, there was a significant increase in surveillance. Because of the USA Patriot Act, as mentioned in Parenti’s reading, many privacy laws were violated. It also allowed agencies to avoid obtaining a warrant for tapping phones or setting up wiretaps. (Parenti)

How did freedom of speech change over time?

In Power’s reading, it is discussed how two organizers of a protest were arrested for using their Twitter accounts to organize the event. Even with that, protesters were met with pepper spray, stun grenades, and acoustic cannons. The protest itself is protected under the First Amendment as a form of freedom of speech, but using platforms like Twitter to organize a protest can also be used against the public for holding an assembly, which again falls under the First Amendment. (Power)

What are the problems with things being in the Cloud?

As we discussed in class, information stored in the Cloud is much easier to hack by anyone. We learned a lot about how AI is embedded in all apps, specifically Siri on iPhones, and how it's easy for it to turn on and start recording.

Class Discussion 

Parenti, Christian. “Fear as Institution: 9/11 and Surveillance Triumphant.” Civil Liberties vs. National Security: In a Post-9, by M. Katherine B. Darmer et al., Prometheus Books, Amherst, N.Y, 2004.

Power, Matthew. “How Your Twitter Account Could Land You in Jail.” Mother Jones, 11 Mar. 2010, www.motherjones.com/politics/2010/03/police-twitter-riots-social-media-activists/. Accessed 24 Apr. 2025. 

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog post #9 - Week 12

How has the concept of Homeplace helped with communities such as the Black community?

Homeplace, as defined in Lee’s reading, is a space for safety where black women can feel safe from all the oppressions around them. The creation of Homeplace allowed them to free themselves from what society thinks about them. (Lee) As they mention, the case studies of three people faced discrimination because of how their hair was styled. Homeplace gave them a safe space to feel more connected to their community and helped them challenge how society views black women. Feeling more connected to their community led to their healing and changed their norm. 

How have online communities chosen profit over purpose? 

According to McLaine, they mention how specific communities don't do right for their community by choosing financial gain over engagement from their community, leading them not to have proper representation of ethnic communities. (McLaine) By not having the proper representation of communities, they don't show the unique traits that define specific ethnic cultures, missing the true purpose of these online communities. These communities then lose their authenticity, bringing down their purpose, but increasing their profit. These are the only communities that should be used to show what these communities truly go through regarding how they are seen. 

How are our private accounts no longer private?

As we discussed in class, some of us have private accounts but are not entirely private. Yes, you may still have to request to follow someone, but what if you are tagged in a photo where a family member or friend has tagged your username or mentioned you by name? That is no longer private because now they know who you are and where they can find you. It is hard to have a private account on social media since being tagged can lead to your information, even if it is a little bit of information, it can still be traced back to you. 

How are Pegusus and other spyware used?

After watching the film in class and our class discussion, I better understand how this type of spyware is being used. According to the film, it was mainly used to track human rights activists and those against the government. As we saw with Elise, because he wanted to help Catlan, Pegususes tracked him and his family. This type of software will get into the wrong hands, hurting many people trying to fight for what's right. 

Lee, Latoya. “Virtual Homeplace (Re)Constructing the Body through Social Media.” Women of Color and Social Media Multitasking: Blogs, Timelines, Feeds, and Community, Lexington Books, Lanham, 2015.

McLaine, Steven. “Ethnic Online Communities Between Profit and Purpose.” Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, Routledge, New York, 2003. 

Class Discussion

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog Post 8 week 11

How has social media changed how information on protests is spread throughout the world? 

With technology becoming more advanced and many countries having access to social media, it has become one of many platforms that help spread the word regarding movements and protests that are being ignored. For example, as mentioned in Fuchs' reading, they talk about how the Occupy Movement and the Arab Spring have changed how social change and political activism can be easier and more accessible. (Fuchs) Both of these movements helped show how citizens used different social media platforms, such as Facebook, to organize their protests and use the platform to spread awareness of what they are protesting against. This brings out citizen journalists, nonprofessional journalists, or bloggers who spread the word of protest through websites, blogs, or social media. These journalists don't hold back with information; they post about what is happening, not just how big the crowds are. 

How is hacktivism related to cyberwar?

Hacktivism is defined as politically influenced actions presented by people who want to express their disapproval or advocate for a cause. In some cases, hacktivism can be taken too far. Cyberwar is a sustained engagement that can be an example of espionage or sabotage.(Vegh 67-92) When hacktivism escalates to a state-level engagement and is part of a sustained conflict, it can fall under the category of cyber war. Basically when hacktivism goes way to far it can lead it to being deemed s cyberwar. 

How is social media important when it comes to testimonies? 

The using of social media has made a great impact when it comes to speaking about personal experiences. In Lee’s reading she talks about how people would use platforms such as Twitter to talk about their personal experience when it comes to movements such as hashtags like #HandsUpDontShoot. (Lee) This hashtag was used to challenge narratives of police violence bringing to the attention of others experience when it came to how people felt racially profieled by police. In a way they broke the barrier since many voices go unheard when it comes to these situations there experiences are ignored but with the use of social media they are able to spread their voices and bring together others who have gone through the same thing. 

How did the #NoDAPL movement change from the help of social media? 

During the year 2016 the #NoDAPL movement gained a lot of visibility from the help of the Water Protectors who camped outside Cannonball, North Dakota in protest of the pipelines that would cross from North Dakota to Illinois passing through lands of two different native tribes and damage their water supply. With the creation of the hashtag it helped spread out word and information about what was going on with the movement. It had a live stream going on to show others who could not be there see what was going on in person as mentioned in Deschine Parkhurst’s article (Deschine Parkhurst) It helped with showing what they were doing and showed everything while news outlets would put out what they wanted to show like how big the crowds were and not asking why they were protesting against the DAPL. 

Fuchs, Christian. Social Media: A Critical Introduction, 2014, pp. 83–88, doi:10.4135/9781446270066.

Lee, Latoya. “Black Twitter: A Response to Bias in Mainstream Media.” Social Sciences, vol. 6, no. 1, 5 Mar. 2017, p. 26, doi:10.3390/socsci6010026.

Parkhurst, Nicholet A. “2. from #Mniwiconi to #standwithstandingrock: How the #NoDAPL Movement Disrupted Physical and Virtual Spaces and Brought Indigenous Liberation to the Forefront of People’s Minds.” Indigenous Peoples Rise Up, 13 Aug. 2021, pp. 32–47, doi:10.36019/9781978808812-003.

Vegh, Sandor. “Classifying Forms of Online Activism The Case of Cyberprotests against the World Bank.” Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and Practice, Routledge, 2003, pp. 67–92. 

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog Post #7 Week 10

Why does having internet access have its benefits, but why does not having it also have its benefits?

In my own experience, I grew up without having internet access. I only got internet by going to the library in my city. Based on Elin’s reading, Siper has internet access, and it helped shape their view on political standing and how they could organize protests. Growing up without the Internet, I was very ignorant of what was happening worldwide, so I never really knew what was happening worldwide. I didn't understand what others would talk about when I would go to school. I didn't have a phone till I went to middle school, and even then, I didn't understand what was happening in the world. For me, not having the internet at a young age helped me see life as it is and to treat everyone equally, which made me see everyone as equal. The downfall is being color-blind and not understanding what others have experienced or have gone through. (Elin)

How does political distrust help with civic engagement? 

Based on Elin's reading, they talk about how when people have political distrust, they participate more and engage more to help prove why they have distrust. Political distrust is defined as not agreeing with what the government says or not agreeing with what political candidates stand for. The people's engagement is part of their First Amendment right, so their participation and showing either their distrust or their favor of candidates is a form of civic engagement. Civic engagement allows them to participate in how leaders are chosen, which is what democracy stands for. (Elin)

What is the difference between participants that affect the movements?

In Daniels's reading, they describe different ways people participate when engaging online in social movements. Those who are known as active participants are the ones who are creating and posting about the content. They are also the type that engages with the community. The second is passive participation, which is defined as those who view the content but do not engage. Passive participants also fall under three categories: supporting lurkers who view the content agreeing with it but not commenting or reposting, curiosity seekers who look for research purposes but do not commit, and oppositional lurkers who silently disagree with the movement. Passive participants are far more common than active participants since most are passive regarding social movements. (Daniels 39-58)

What does racism look like in other places? 

In Daniel's reading, they talk about how racism is found worldwide since many members in Stormfront.org are found in many other places. To me, this was not so much a surprise because, yes, some other forms of racism may not fall under the category of white supremacy, but it's still racism. Even within some communities, they may face backlash for being a traitor to their race. (Daniels 39-58)

Elin, Larry. “Cyberactivism.” The Radicalization of Zeke Spier How the Internet Contributes to Civic Engagement and New Forms of Social Capital, 21 Aug. 2013, pp. 97–116, doi:10.4324/9780203954317.

“White Supremacist Social Movements Online and in a Global Context.” Cyber Racism: White Supremacy Online and the New Attack on Civil Rights, by Jessie Daniels, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, MD, 2009, pp. 39–58. 

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog Post #6

What is a cyborg, and how does it affect dualism?

A cyborg is a hybrid organism mixing reality and fiction, like a haf-human half-machine design. In Haraway's reading, they talk about how the cyborg can relate to dualism. Some examples are male/female or mind/body. But they do mention how the cyborg doesn't have an exact half or an exact place that separates human and machine. They mention how the cyborg can show potential for alternative identities by bringing a better understanding of gender and race. It also lessens the idea of dualism since there is no middle ground between them. (Haraway 354-359)

Why did Renee Le Espereance choose a life of privacy after her image was used in a game?

The short film Seeking Mavis Beacon talks about how Mavis Beacon came to life. Mavis is said not to be real, but her image is based on a real person, Renee Le Esperance. The creators of Mavis Beacon said that they had found Renee when she was advertising a product, and they had found her very beautiful and wanted her to be the model of a photoshoot, and they paid her 500 dollars for the shoot. They didn't tell her that her image would be used as the primary teacher for Mavis Beacon, a typing learning system. It may have been her face, but it wasn't her voice or hands on the screen. The creators may have wanted it to be more inclusive, but in the end, it wasn't. They had used a voice that was fluent in English, but she wasn't. Since she was a Haitian immigrant, she would have had an accent. Riordan's article talks about how women in online games and systems are created for the male gaze, like how Mavis was created with a more pleasing voice for its users. The system earned the creators millions, but Renee only got 500. Renee had not given her consent for them to use her image in the game and wanted it to be taken down so she could be forgotten. Ultimately, she just wanted to live a private life, so her son said she did not want to be found at the film's end. (Silver et al. 243-254)

How have specific topics been discussed within the women 's-only forum in white supremacy sites?

Within the white supremacy community, they have a separate section for women to have their voice, but the male voices still suppress it. Daniel's reading talked about how when explaining why they chose their names, the creator would comment on the men's posts, but when the women would post, they wouldn't get acknowledged as much. So their voices would be suppressed, which is why they have their women's only section, but the topics they have in their forum have been taken differently. In one post, they started talking about abortion; some were saying it is murder, and others were saying it is a woman's choice. So, even if they are white supremacists, some are still standing on the side of feminists. Some even mention taking their boss's parking spot. Some have even embraced the liberal feminist viewpoints since they do not want to feel powerless in their community. (Daniels 61-90)

What is the problem with how females are represented in games and videos?

Women have been misrepresented in games and videos for so long. In O'Riordan's reading they talk a lot about how female characters in games are created to look very sexual and put in clothes that are very uncomfortable for what they are to do. For example, characters in GTA are in very revealing clothing to the point that they are barely wearing clothes. Clothes are even very tight-fitting, so if they were to be made in real life, they wouldn't be able to move realistically. (Silver et al. 243-254)

Daniels, Jessie. “Gender, White Supremacy, and the Internet.” Cyber Racism: White Supremacy Online and the New Attack on Civil Rights, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Md, 2009, pp. 61–90.

Jones, Jazmin, and Olivia McKayla Ross. Seeking Mavis Beacon, Neon, 2024.

Haraway, Donna Jeanne. “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century.” Cyborg Manifesto, Camas Books, Victoria, British Columbia, 2018, pp. 354–359.

Silver, David, et al. “Gender, Technology, and Visual Cyberculture Virtually Women.” Critical Cyberculture Studies, NYU Press, New York, 2006, pp. 243–254. 

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog Post #5 Week 7

How are racial micro-aggressions seen every day?

People think that because they start a statement with “not trying to be a racist” or “this might seem racist,” it is not racist, but in reality, it is. Racial micro-aggression is defined as subtle or unintentional insults hinting toward people of color. As Senft and Noble mention in their chapter Race and Social Media they talk about the video Sh*t White Girls Say to Black Girls (SWGSBG) is an example how racial micro-aggression can be made more visible for people to see that what they are doing is wrong. The platform was made to mitigate how people say things online about race. As well as to not accuse those who made the videos previously to SWGSBG but to bring attention to how their comments can be racist even though they think they weren’t being racist. (Hunsinger et al. 107-125)

How did multiculturalism affect how brands would promote?

Multiculturalism is defined as accepting other various cultures and supporting cultural differences. Many platforms use representation of certain ethnicities to bring in an audience. For example, as mentioned in the reading Race After Technology by Benjamin, they mention how Netflix would promote posters for a series using supporters of Black culture, and it would attract Black folks to watch the series. The problem was that those actors barely appeared in the series. This became a problem because it would only bring the audience to watch the series to gain numbers. Platforms have received backlash because they are multicultural when promoting, but they only use it to gain viewing and not because they want to support multiculturalism.  (Benjamin 43-88)

How has colorblind privilege affected many different individuals?

Colorblind privilege is defined as not seeing a person's race or ethnicity. For example, when people say they see people as human beings and not by their background. In a way, this would be a great approach to viewing the world, but in reality, it wouldn't help. One, because even though you view everyone as the same, you still leave out all the things others have experienced. In a way, cultural appropriation comes into play. Being colorblind is like wanting to have a Mexican sugar skull tattoo. Yes, it's beautiful, but most tattoo artists only give those tattoos to people of latin@ culture since there is a significance to the tattoo for those who celebrate the holiday. Another example would be how most believe social media is neutral to all. When in reality, it is not. Just like how they mention in the Senft and Nobles reading, on the OkCupid dating site, most women of all ethnicities would choose a white male over others, and white women would stay within their own ethnicity. (Hunsinger et al. 107-125)

Based of the short film “Nosedive,” why do we feel uncomfortable when watching such a film? (like second-hand embarrassment)

The short film “Nosedive” from the series Black Mirror on Netflix showed how in Lacey’s life, everything was basically controlled by a rating system and how you presented yourself to everyone around you. However, for most of the film, every single person was fake or putting up a front to get a higher rating from others. Because the moment they became their real selves, their ratings would drop. The discomfort that we felt from watching the film was because, at some point in our lives, we either felt that way or someone was like that to us. I would rather have someone tell me the truth of how they feel about me than act fake around me. (Brooker and Wright)

Benjamin, Ruha. Race after Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code, Polity, Cambridge, UK, 2020, pp. 43–88.

Brooker, Charile. “Nosedive.” Black Mirror, season 3, episode 1, 2016, https://www.netflix.com/search?q=black%20mirro&jbv=70264888. Accessed 2025.

Hunsinger, Jeremy, et al. “Race and Social Media.” The Social Media Handbook, Routledge, New York, 2014, pp. 107–125. 

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog Post #4

What is the social construction of race? 

The social construction of race can be understood differently depending on how you learn about race. As Kolko mentions in their reading, they talk about how race is not a biological fact but more of a cultural one derived from societal constructs and perspectives. They mention how here in the USA, those who are of African descent or have a darker skin tone are referred to as Black, but in South Africa, they do not use the term black but sometimes use the term colored for those of mixed ancestry. What you are taught growing up can lead you to make these social constructions of race. (Kolko et al., 2013)

Why does cyberspace have a binary perspective on race?

When it comes to being online, some people tend to avoid specific conversations about race, just like how some people try to avoid politics online when, in reality, you may never avoid it. Kolko’s article talks about how cyberspace has an “On” and “Off” switch that is used a lot. “On” is defined as topics that are very focused on and become heated topics. “Off” is defined as topics that are invisible or not talked about a lot. Both happen a lot when it comes to talking about race. Some people will become very heated and say many things, but it goes away from logical thinking to sentiments. (Kolko et al., 2013)

How are different ethnicities misrepresented in video games?

Characters are created to be a version of someone's imagination, but some are created to represent certain ethnicities. In Ow’s article, they talk about the misrepresentation of Asian cultural elements and how the characters are portrayed. The characters are portrayed with mechanisms of racism and sexual violence, reinforcing problematic ideologies on Asian culture. I know from watching different types of anime that sometimes they might represent other ethnicities differently, as well as how people act when it comes to how people behave on the train or in public. (Kolko et al., 2013)

How would games like Pokemon make playing the game unsafe and promote de facto segregation?

Pokemon GO is not as popular as it used to be. But when it was, many played the game; they had to travel to certain areas to be able to find and capture their Pokemon. Fickle mentions that minority groups who played the game and traveled to white-dominated areas received very harsh looks when they only wanted to play the game. Others were led to ‘bad’ neighborhoods. In a way, Pokemon GO was to have been used to create better friendships, but it had blurred the lines between virtual engagement and the real world, causing some tension and bringing about de facto segregation. (Fickle, 2020)

Fickle, T. (2020). Introduction. In The race card: From Gaming Technologies to model minorities (pp. 1–27). essay, New York University Press. 

Kolko, B., Nakamura, L., & Rodman, G. (2013). Introduction. In Race in cyberspace (pp. 1–13). essay, Taylor and Francis. 

Kolko, B., Nakamura, L., Rodman, G., & Ow, J. A. (2013). The Revenge of the Yellowfaced Cyborg Terminator. In Race in cyberspace (pp. 51–68). essay, Taylor and Francis.

[jennyurquizasblog]

The Gender and Sexuality Studies department or GSS is important because it allows us to not only study what we we love but also find new connections. GSS can also help with any major that you take since, in some way gender and sexuality will come up in many situations. I am a Psychology major with a minor in Gender and Sexuality studies, and I feel that both are really come in hand with what I want to do in the future. Both the department and the conversations from class have really brought a new light to how I see the world, how what we talk about not only makes a difference but does not deserve to be censored.

Insta: @csufgss

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog Post 3 2/13 Digital Divide

According to Ana Everette, how did she describe the reality of the digital divide?

The digital divide can be described as those who had access to technology and those who did not. In a way, those in the lower class had little to no access to technology, and those in the upper class had more access. But as Everette mentions, there was a black press before this digital divide. Black communities were still using technology to get what they wanted to say. Recently, the digital divide would be “Apple vs. Android.” Which is better? (Everett, 2002)

How did the black communities make a counterpart to black technophobia?

According to Everette, there was a counterpart to black technophobia known as black technophilia, which is described as how African American people were more active than people had initially thought. Not only in the digital realm, they also had their black press in the late 1800s. The barriers that they thought would keep them back, but they didn't. It might have been hard for them to get their word out, but they still did it to get their voice out. (Everett, 2002)

According to R. Benjamin, they talk about how names are being racially profiled. Why are certain people not getting called back when they apply for jobs? 

As mentioned in R. Benjamin's article, they write about how specific names, white-sounding names, are more likely to be called back than those with names of another ethnicity. They mention how names are now being used to racially profile those who apply for jobs. The same goes for how algorithms are also racially profiling names by associating them with negative sentiments. Technology may not be biased, but the people who create the codes and systems can be. (Benjamin, 2020)

Should tech companies be held accountable for how their systems are functioning?

In Noble's article, they talk about how the algorithms are antidiversity, such as Google, because of the web search they did to test the algorithm. When they searched for “black girls,” inappropriate and degrading sites (porn) would come up because of the search. Now the question is, should the tech companies be held accountable? I would say yes, as the article mentions most algorithms are biased and have inaccuracies in their system, like Google's algorithm is linked to viewing African Americans as animalistic. (Noble, 2018)

Benjamin, R. (2020). Introduction. In Race after technology: Abolitionist Tools for the new jim code (pp. 16–40). essay, Polity.

Everett, A. (2002). The revolution will be digitized. Social Text, 20(2), 125–146. https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-20-2_71-125

Noble, S. (2018). Introduction. In Algorithms of oppression (pp. 24–44). essay, New York University Press.

[jennyurquizasblog]

Blog Post 2 Cyberfeminism and Health Ethics

How does Eubanks's partner's experience with the insurance show domination and exploitation?

The article mentions how Eubanks and Jason received so much help from their community that they didn't feel much financial stress. However, they still suffered a lot because their insurance didn't help with paying the medical bills for Jason's injuries. They mentioned that the insurance algorithm flagged them as potential fraud and did not provide them with the financial help they needed. Although it took them so long to be accepted by the insurance company, it was not fair that they had to rely on their community more than the insurance or the health system. (Eubanks et al., 2018)

What are the ethics of the health system?

The health system is supposed to help and provide for those in need. Jason was left out, and because the insurance is becoming more digital-based, it is easier for them to be flagged as potential fraud and be left out when they need help. The article mentions that because it is all digital-based, there is no accountability or humane treatment for those in need. Digital platforms will not treat those people like human beings would. Digital platforms are robots without emotions, so they wouldn't take a humane approach to helping those in need. (Eubanks et al., 2018)

How the newer technology will help empower feminists and show their struggles?

Daniels's article talks about how, with the newer technology, they can use it to inform and educate individuals and help empower women. They want to use a website to show women's struggles with men who expose themselves in the streets and subways of New York. They want to use the media to bring attention to how they deal with that. The article mentions a metaphor for the “cyborg” being a human and a robot. They use the example to emphasize the idea of gender fluidity.(Daniels, 2009)

Who becomes the benefactor of cyberfeminism?

Throughout Daniels's article, they kept mentioning who will become the benefactor with all that is going on with cyberfeminism. Since they are not sure if women are really going to get the power that they are searching for. And if all the women are going to become the benefactors ike women of color. Going back to how women would really benefit if they are doing it behind a screen. (Daniels, 2009)

Daniels, J. (2009). Rethinking cyberfeminism(s): Race, gender, and embodiment. WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly, 37(1–2), 101–124. https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.0.0158 

Eubanks, V. (2018). Red Flags. In Automating inequality: How high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor (pp. 9–28). essay, Tantor Media. 

[jennyurquizasblog]

MAC did them dirty

This may not be my story, but it happened to my manager, who is in college, getting a degree in retail management. They told me they were required to do a paper for one of their classes. Before I start, this specific manager works on PCs all day, and then they work on a MAC for their school. They started to write the paper, got a couple of pages in, and stopped for the day. The next day, they decided to continue on the paper, but they could not find it. They kept looking for it, but there was nothing there. They were sure they had saved it to their device, but nothing was there. They thought they were crazy that it wasn't there. So they started the paper all over again. They wrote out what they had the previous day and added some more; this time, they were sure they had saved the paper. They were ready to finish their assignment and turn it in for class the next day. They still had a few days to finish it but wanted to turn it in early. They went to look for their paper, and again, nothing. No sign of their paper was on their device, and it was gone again. They checked everything and nothing. The paper was gone. They said they had called one of their classmates to rant about how their paper had disappeared again for the second time. They were so frustrated that technology had failed them so many times. They were lucky to have finished their assignment and turned it in on time. That paper should have taken them at least an hour, but because they were frustrated and mad that they had to start all over again, it took them six hours to finish their assignment. Because they were used to working on a PC, they thought their papers were saved on their desktop, but it turns out that it had made them private on the MAC. All their partial papers were there when they unlocked the tab or the icon. They were so mad they wanted to throw their device out of anger. But they didn't because the MAC was a gift from their son. But knowing them, they really went off on the computer, like using their favorite cuss words.