jovialcheesecaketriumph - Tumblr blog

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

The Benefits and Application of Steel Pipes

Steel pipes have various advantages for your next industrial or residential project. Steel tubing is used in a variety of industries, from industrial manufacturing to sculpture. One of the applications for steel tube is in plumbing, where it is used to replace traditional plastic pipes with stainless steel pipes. Stainless steel piping is more expensive than plastic piping, but it has a number of advantages over the latter. Steel pipe buyers consider these advantages -

ANTI-STAIN AND ANTI-CORROSION

Corrosion is the number one adversary of metal piping. The exterior of iron, steel and concrete pipework will deteriorate due to soil and UV rays. Other types of piping inside walls appear to rust, become damaged by abrasion, or accumulate debris. However, due to corrosion resistance of stainless steel, this happens rarely. This gives stainless steel an advantage in areas such as sanitary water distribution and hospital applications.

VALUE

When you buy stainless steel 316 pipes, you're getting a durable product that will last for decades. It is a long-lasting substance that is simple to maintain and install. Because of its corrosion-resistant qualities, stainless steel is low-maintenance and unlikely to need to be replaced for decades.

STABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY

Stainless steel can be treated with various elements such as molybdenum, nickel, or nitrogen to improve its corrosion resistance. Stainless steel can endure high temperatures. By adding various materials to stainless steel, thin pipe walls can be achieved, resulting in a lighter finished product that is suited for a wide range of commercial and industrial applications.

ATTRACTIVENESS

Exposed stainless steel pipes and fittings are a good choice for commercial premises because the material is naturally bright and attractive.

ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY

Stainless steel is not a petroleum-based product. Unlike other pipe materials, it does not require any type of coating or lining. When you require disposing of or repairing stainless steel piping, it is 100% recyclable, reducing the environmental impact.

Steel, like iron, has helped building in particular since it is a more practical alternative to other metals. Steel plate is corrosion-resistant, making it more long-lasting and cost-effective. It also means that, because they can survive them, these pipes can be used in regions that are constantly exposed to the elements.

Steel pipes can be used for a variety of purposes.

DOMESTIC BUSINESS

Stainless steel 304 pipes are a popular choice in many homes since they are more durable, which means you won't have to replace them every few seasons. Any plumber would recommend stainless steel pipe for your tub, tap, and the rest of the structure, especially exposed pipes, because it is more resistant to the elements. They're also thought to be hardier.

INDUSTRY OF MEDICINE

If doctors use it, it must be safe, therefore that's another steel tick. Steel pipes have been utilized for everything in the medical field, including shattered bones, medical equipment, surgical tools, dental treatments, and even pharmaceutical assistance. Steel's versatility is a testament to its durability, protection, and adaptability.

INDUSTRY OF CONSTRUCTION

This is one of the most obvious uses for steel pipes. They are preferred by many construction companies because they are both pliable and sturdy. Steel round bar and pipes are utilized as building piles when the soil is too thin to support the weight of big structures. The structure itself, as well as its architectural style, are frequently included. In fact, construction companies are one of the major steel pipe buyers.

Steel pipes are frequently used in the construction of ships, oil refineries, and even space stations, and they are housed in a shipyard. Carbon steel pipes are a good choice for building on the ground, in the ocean, or in space.

Selecting pipe and piping materials involves many factors. Designers should approach these decisions and identify strengths and weaknesses of various pipe materials and connection methods.

Basic material properties

Steel is strong, rigid, and has a low coefficient of thermal expansion. It is also heavy (multiple workers may be needed to transport it) and is subject to corrosion. Sometimes it is called carbon section bar steel or black steel to differentiate from stainless and galvanized carbon steel. All steel, by definition, contains carbon, such as carbon steel plate.

Steel often is used for closed hydronic systems because it is inexpensive, especially when compared with other materials in systems with high pressures, and corrosion is relatively easily controlled in these systems. It also is a good choice for steam and steam-condensate systems because it handles high temperatures and pressures well, and corrosion is normally not an issue in steam pipes. However, corrosion is an issue in steam-condensate pipes, and many engineers specify schedule 80 steel pipe simply because it takes about twice as long to rust through as schedule 40 pipe.

If amines (commonly cyclohexylamine, morpholine, or diethylethanolamine (DEAE) are fed properly to neutralize condensate pipe pH, condensate pipes can last the life of the building. Some building owners do not want these chemicals in steam that may be used for humidification because of health concerns; however, not using these amines might require a change to stainless steel (SS) piping or adding a separate “clean steam” system for humidification and for sterilization of medical instruments.

Rigidity is important because it determines the distance between hangers. Steel pipe is manufactured in 21-ft lengths, and the hangers can be spaced that widely for large-diameter pipe. More flexible materials, however, may require hangers on as close as 4-ft centers or even continuously. Consult ANSI/MSS SP-58: Pipe Hangers and Supports – Materials, Design, Manufacture, Selection, Application, and Installation for details about hangers and hanger spacing.

A low coefficient of thermal expansion minimizes the need for expansion loops and expansion joints. However, the high rigidity of steel means that although it expands less, it exerts very high forces on anchors.

Galvanized steel pipe is stainless steel plate and pipe that is dipped into a pool of zinc (see Figure 1). Galvanizing has two methods of corrosion reduction:

It coats the surface like paint, and under most circumstances it forms a very adherent oxide layer like aluminum and SS.

It provides a sacrificial anode (zinc) to receive corrosion instead of the steel corroding.

Galvanized steel pipe has all the advantages of steel pipe, plus improved corrosion resistance in most environments, although at a slightly higher cost. Galvanizing works almost perfectly in applications where it is wetted and dried periodically (e.g., road signs and guard rails). It can fail in environments with high sodium (e.g., softened water that started out very hard) because the sodium makes the adherent oxide film detach and react more like steel pipe where the oxide flakes off. If galvanized pipe is being welded, the welder needs to be careful to grind down to the raw steel. Repairing galvanizing on the inside of the pipe is difficult or impossible. If the interior needs a continuous galvanized layer, consider mechanical couplings. (More information is available via the American Galvanizers Association.)

Stainless steel pipe is widely considered to be resistant to all corrosion. This is true in many circumstances, but not all. Anaerobic and chloride corrosion can affect SS. The most common alloy is 304 SS, which adds 18% chromium and 8% nickel to steel. 304L has reduced carbon content to minimize the tendency for SS to corrode at welds. SS with the L designation is recommended for all SS that will be welded and might have corrosion issues, like fume exhaust and some pipe systems. 316 and 316L add molybdenum to reduce susceptibility to chlorides.

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

What is a Closed Loop Extractor?

Sanitary pumps are used in the food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries to transport liquids and liquid–solids. This chapter provides a guide to sanitary pump selection and use. “Sanitary” means that the pump is cleanable. Sanitation standards for pumps are reviewed. Four classes of sanitary pumps are described and a decision tree for selecting the best class for a given application is introduced. Five application requirements needed for pump selection are outlined: process requirements, product properties, operational requirements, cost, and safety. Installation details and cleaning processes for pump s are assessed.

Sanitary pumps used in high-purity applications such as pharmaceutical processing and biotechnology typically require a level of design that is higher than in most other processing industries. The pumps not only need to transfer product efficiently, but they must also meet strict design and cleanability requirements mandated by the many organizations that establish standards for ultra-clean processing!

The first big question when selecting a pump is: ‘What type of pump do I need?’ To answer that, it helps to understand a little about pump design and consider the various pump styles that are available to fit your application.

Each of these categories is distinguished by the mechanics of how they transfer fluids. Pumps in both categories have advantages and disadvantages depending on your high-purity requirements, and both have the necessary hygienic features suitable for high-purity processing. This article will outline the following sanitary pumps for commonly used high-purity applications.

Centrifugal

Liquid Ring

Rotary Lobe

Diaphragm

Peristaltic

Eccentric Disc

What is Solvent Extraction?

Solvent extraction is the process of diffusing a solvent into oil-bearing cells resulting in a mixed solution of oil and solvent. It is one of the most popular methods of separating oils and fats from oil-bearing materials as opposed to other mechanical processes (such as expellers, hydraulic press, etc...) primarily due to the high percentage of oil recovered which can range upwards of 99%+ as opposed to the 85%+ of other methods. The common solvents of choice range from butane, hexane, and pentane among a handful of others, each of which is favored because of several factors: commercial economics, a low boiling point, and in the case of consumption grade product, a non-toxic impact. Distillation of the resulting oil mixture allows recovery of the alkane hydrocarbons (your "hex/but/propane") to be reused at minimal costs.

Solvent Collection Tanks

The extraction/collection tank collects the extracted oil and solvent at the end of the process. The larger the vessel the more trim (raw plant matter) you can process at once. It is not uncommon for a large collection vessel to be the repository of multiple material columns, provided it has enough volume to hold the volume of solvent initially. Once in the collection vessel, the solvent is warmed until it reverts to a gaseous form which can then be removed with a recovery pump such as the Haskel we carry. The extracted oil ("drop off") can then be poured into an external container for further vacuum purge if necessary.

Closed-loop extraction is a method used for extraction of cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and terpenes from cannabis plant material. This extraction method occurs entirely within a closed vessel, so the hydrocarbon solvent used to extract cannabinoids never makes contact with the outside atmosphere – hence the name “closed loop extractor.”

Closed-loop extraction is not new or unique to the cannabis industry. Industries also use this extraction method to extract essential oils for things like food additives and perfumes. However, in recent years, it has become a widely popular cannabis extraction method. Closed-loop extraction is efficient, produces a clean product, and industry professionals regard it as safer than open-loop, or “open blast”, extraction.

Solvents for Closed-Loop Extractors

Closed-loop extractors use hydrocarbons like butane as solvents to extract cannabinoids. Butane is the most popular solvent in the cannabis industry – It’s a non-polar hydrocarbon with a low boiling point ( 31.1°F), which allows for the cold-boiling of any residual solvent from the concentrate and preserves temperature-sensitive terpenes.

Extractor kits can also use propane. Propane can be purged easily because of its low boiling temperature and makes a slightly different extraction than butane. However, because propane is much more expensive than butane, it’s common to find closed-loop equipment that works on a blend of butane and propane. Blending butane with propane creates a gas mixture that strips additional terpenes and purges more efficiently than just butane alone.

In both open and closed-loop extraction, the initial process is the same. The pressurized solvent (usually butane) is washed over the cannabis plant matter, extracting the desired cannabinoids from the biomass material. In closed-loop extraction, the concentrate is then purged of all solvent in a separate vacuum oven, and then subsequently heated. In open-loop extraction, there is no purge, and some butane residue remains in the concentrate.

After the wash, and in closed-loop extraction, purge/heating, the concentrated oil can be collected and further refined.

History of Closed-Loop

Cannabis extraction is a relatively simple process that people have utilized for centuries. Historical documents describe people consuming cannabis extracted products like tea, hash, or tinctures. Records first mention hash in 12th century Egypt. People traditionally ingested hash until the 16th century, when smoking it gained popularity. Hash arrived in Europe in the 18th century.

The science behind cannabis extraction has dramatically evolved, but the reason people extract cannabis remains the same. Cannabis extraction provides a much more potent product and contains more of the desired compounds. Cannabis concentrates are making considerable gains in popularity, including oil. Cannabis oil is a favorite among cannabis users because it is convenient, consistent, and more concentrated. Extraction technology continues to advance as the demand for cannabis products increases, and the legalization of cannabis has spurred research and innovation.

The Essential Oils Industry Discovery of Closed-Loop Extractors with extractor spool

Essential oil industrial professionals have used closed-loop hydrocarbon extraction since the 1970s. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers butane and propane as food-safe ingredients, within certain limits. Hydrocarbon extraction is a popular choice among cannabis industry professionals because it produces a finished product with approximately 90-99% cannabinoids. Hydrocarbon extraction also creates many quality concentrate products from a single extraction, without any further refinement. Thus, hydrocarbons are the most commonly used extraction solvents.

Many people initially used open-loop extraction methods for cannabis extraction. It wasn’t until recently that cannabis industry professionals adopted a closed-loop methodology to create cannabis concentrates. The development of closed-loop technologies represents a paradigm shift in the way both producers and consumers approach concentrates.

Advantages of Closed-Loop Extractors

The closed-loop method uses an extractor vessel that is completely closed to the outside atmosphere, so the hydrocarbon solvent used in extraction never comes in contact with the air. The solvent is looped through the system, washing over the cannabis plant material repeatedly. This repeated washing extracts as many cannabinoids as possible.

Cannabis industry professionals chose closed-loop extraction systems over open-loop because they are safer, more efficient, cost-effective, and more capable of producing higher quality products.

Safer

Cannabis industry professionals regard closed-loop extractors as one of the least dangerous ways to extract cannabinoids. Hydrocarbon solvents are flammable, pressurized gases. In a closed-loop system, there are no opportunities for leaks if the equipment is maintained and operated at the appropriate standards. A contained system is safe to operate and approved to OSHA standards.

More Efficient

Fully contained solvents in closed-loop extraction equipment provides a higher pressure capacity than open-loop extraction equipment. The greater the pressure, the more interface time is available between the hydrocarbon solvent and the cannabis plant material. High pressure allows for the maximum extraction of cannabinoids. Closed-loop systems are more capable of regulating temperature. It’s essential to be able to control the temperature because temperature directly controls the solubility of cannabinoids. 2 lb closed loop extractors also prevent the solvent from being evaporated into the atmosphere and allows the solvent to be used many times without needing to be recharged.

Cost Effective

As their name implies, closed-loop extraction systems are closed. Ideally, no hydrocarbon solvent leaks out into the atmosphere. Equipment operators can continuously reuse the solvent for extraction after extraction. A 1lb closed loop extractor can provide huge savings on solvent purchasing costs for businesses.

Higher-Quality Product

Closed-loop systems offer unrivaled control on pressure and temperature in the system, which results in the ability to produce the strongest, purest cannabis concentrate available. The vacuum purge and heating remove most or all of the solvent’s residue, so many consumers also regard the by-products as the safest to consume.

Breaking Down The Process

The main steps of the closed-loop extraction process are as follows:

Quality plant material: Cannabis plant quality directly affects the quality of the finished concentrate, regardless of which extraction method is used. Plant material should be stored in vacuum-sealed bags in a cool, dark place. Proper storage limits exposure to ultraviolet rays, heat, and oxygen, which all degrade cannabinoids.

Primary extraction: Cold, pressurized hydrocarbon solvent moves from the solvent tank into the material column, where it washes over the cannabis plant material. The closed-loop system recycles the solvent, so it washes over the cannabis many times repeatedly. This washing dissolves the cannabinoids and terpenes from the cannabis plant material.

Refinement of the concentrate: After the wash, the concentrate can be further refined. Which refinement technique you will use will depend on the desired end product. Some common refinement techniques include in-line dewaxing and winterization.

Solvent purge and concentrate collection: The concentrate is then purged of all hydrocarbon solvent as the solvent is pushed back into the solvent tank. Purge methods and durations vary depending on what is the goal of the finished product. For example, to create shatter, the concentrate is then put into a vacuum oven for two days, to purge all remaining solvent with low heat slowly. Once the purge is complete, the system operator collects the concentrate.

High-Quality Extraction Requires High-Quality Equipment

Industry professionals choose Precision’s closed-loop extractors for their quality, safety, and precise operation. In fact, concentrates made on Precision Extraction systems have won more awards than any other brand.

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

5 easy ways to find the right faucet for the kitchen, bathroom or any sink

Whether you’re renovating your home or you just need to replace an old faucet, there are a few questions you can ask to help identify the right model.

It may be tempting to choose a nice-looking faucet out of a catalogue. But, unfortunately, looks aren’t everything when it comes to choosing the right faucet for your whole family. By asking yourself five simple questions, you can be sure to choose the faucet that meets all your needs, so that it will be a long time before you need to replace it again.

Who will be using the faucets?

Where will the faucet be located?

What type of sink do you have?

How important is sustainability?

What’s your budget?

1. Who will be using the faucet?

Start by considering the needs of your family. Do you have small children or grandparents living with you? Does anyone have special needs? If so, safety and usability may be high priorities. The shape and colour of the basin faucet can make it easier to control for those with reduced eyesight, small hands or undeveloped motor skills.

The HANSAFIT for example, have an easy-grip black lever and an eco-button for not only limiting water flow for increased sustainability but also water temperature to prevent scalding, a common concern for families. The lock can be bypassed by pushing the button when there’s need for hotter water or more water flow. Specially designed for the elderly, the HANSACARE product families feature ergonomic design and clear hot and cold markings for people with limited eyesight.

Automatic or touchless faucets are a good option for both children and the elderly as they can help prevent any germs lingering on sink faucet controls from sticking to hands. This improves health and hygiene in the home and keeps everyone a little safer.

2. Where will the faucet be located?

If the faucet will be in the kitchen, whether you have a dishwasher is important. If you do, you will need a model with a dishwasher valve. Also, consider whether you need to wash large pots and pans by hand. If so, you will need a higher spout.

Discover our kitchen faucets here

If the faucet is for the bathroom, again, consider whether you need a washing machine valve. If the faucet is for the utility or laundry room, what tasks will you use it for? If you wash large machinery or equipment, you will need a higher spout. If you use the room for changing or bathing your baby, perhaps a washbasin faucet with a Bidetta hand shower, like a shower kit, such as HANSADESIGNO Style 51682281 is a good idea.

In all three cases, it’s important to consider how much space is above and behind the basin. Is there a cabinet just above? How close is the wall? These variables could place limits on the height or type of faucet control you can choose.

3. What type of sink do you have?

If your new faucet is part of a renovation project, you may be choosing the basin together with the faucet. If you are replacing your faucet in your bathroom cabinet, the type of basin you have should guide your faucet choice. Does the sink sit on top of the countertop (a vessel sink) or is it integrated? Is it attached to the wall? Whichever type of sink you have, the key is to balance the proportion of the faucet to the sink.

If it is a vessel sink, you will need a faucet with a higher body, such as the HANSADESIGNO Style 51692283. A wall-mounted faucet could also be a good option for the vessel sink, providing the right installation conditions behind the wall. (Check with an installer to be sure.) If the sink is integrated, this opens up for many more options as shorter bodies work just as well.

4. How important is sustainability?

A recent study shows that 61% of European consumers are concerned about the state of the environment. The further north you go, the more this concern turns into water-saving awareness. An average of 63% of people in the Nordics consider themselves to be eco-conscious, which reflects in their preference for sanitary fittings.

Anyone can save water by choosing the right faucet as bathroom accessories. Touchless faucets drastically reduce water and energy consumption as the water only runs when needed. In fact, SMART faucets can reduce water wastage by up to 50%.

5. What’s your budget?

Many people believe that SMART faucets are more expensive than manual faucets, but this isn’t always the case, with a range of SMART faucets available at different price points with ceramic toilet. And, if you offset the water savings, the cost comes down.

Try to determine where you are budget-wise. Are you looking for something low-budget, mid-range or premium? There are plenty of excellent faucets in each category and this can help guide your search from the outset.

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

What Is USB-C? An Explainer

Landing on a single standard to rule them all is an elusive aim in the realm of personal technology. At best, you end up in a format war, and one faction emerges victorious for a few years until an entirely new technology takes it out. VHS ate Betamax, then was ousted by DVD, which faded in the face of Blu-ray (a standard that itself knocked off its chief rival, HD DVD), now facing its own mortality at the hands of online streaming services.

But USB-C is different—and perhaps it's even as truly universal as its acronym (Universal Serial Bus) suggests. USB Type-C ports are now found on all manner of devices, from simple external hard drives to high-end laptops and the latest smartphones. While every USB-C port looks the same, not every one offers the same capabilities. USB-C may now be ubiquitous, but it doesn't serve the same functions everywhere. Not by a long shot.

Here's a guide to everything USB-C can do, and which of its features you should look for when buying your next USB-C device.

What Is USB-C?

USB-C is an industry-standard connector for transmitting both data and power bank on a single active optical cable. The USB-C connector was developed by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF), the group of companies that has developed, certified, and shepherded the USB standard over the years. The USB-IF counts more than 700 companies in its membership, among them Apple, Dell, HP, Intel, Microsoft, and Samsung.

This broad acceptance by the big dogs is important, because it's part of why USB-C has been so readily accepted by PC manufacturers. Contrast this with the earlier Apple-promoted (and developed) Lightning and MagSafe connectors, which had limited acceptance beyond Apple products, and became obsolete thanks in no small part to USB-C.

Is USB-C Like Micro USB?

The USB-C connector looks similar to a micro USB connector at first glance, though it's more oval in shape and slightly thicker to accommodate its best feature: flippability.

Like Lightning and MagSafe, the USB-C connector has no up or down orientation. Line up the connector properly, and you never have to flip it over to plug it in; the "right way" is always up. The standard cables and adapters also have the same connector on both ends, so you don't have to figure out which end goes where. That has not been the case with all the USB cables we've been using for the past 20 years. Most of the time, you have different connectors at each end.

USB-C and USB 3.2: The Numbers Beneath the Port

Where USB-C gets tricky is in the numbers that get attached to the ports. The most common speed that USB-C connectors are rated for is 10Gbps. (That 10Gbps is theoretically twice as fast as original USB 3.0.) USB-C ports that support this peak speed are called "USB 3.2 Gen 1x2."

The minor wrinkle is that USB ports with 10Gbps speeds can also exist in the original, larger shape (the USB Type-A rectangles we all know), and are dubbed "USB 3.2 Gen 2x1." With the exception of some desktops, though, it's more common to see 10Gbps-speed USB ports with Type-C physical connectors. Note: Some older USB-C ports support just 5Gbps maximum speeds, so it's important to look for a "USB 3.2 Gen 1x2" or "10Gbps" designation to verify that a given USB-C port supports 10Gbps transfers. That said, all of these ports are backward-compatible, just at the speed of the slowest element.

Confused yet? Further complicating matters: The number scheme around USB 3 has been in flux since 2019, which has made references to these ports something of a swamp. Until last year, many USB-C ports carried the USB 3.1 label ("USB 3.2" was not yet a thing) in Gen 1 and Gen 2 flavors, and some spec sheets continue to reference the older name, along with SuperSpeed branding. In a confusing twist, the USB-IF decided to eliminate the use of "USB 3.1" in favor of these various flavors of USB 3.2.

As you can see above, some USB-C ports use the USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 specification, with maximum speeds of 20GBps. The USB-IF decided on "2x2" because this standard doubles the data lanes within a USB-C cable to achieve the 20Gbps transfer speed. These ports have not been widely available, though PC builders and upgraders can find them on some high-end desktop motherboards. They will likely go by the wayside as 2021 progresses, in favor of another emerging flavor of USB-C ports, supporting USB4 (more about which in a moment).

Underlying Support: The Many Roles of USB-C

You might think of your old USB Type-A port simply as a data port for connecting drives or peripherals like mice. But USB-C, depending on the specific port's implementation, can do much more. One of USB-C's most useful skills, when designed thus, is delivering enough power to charge the host device, such as laptop or smartphone. In fact, many lightweight laptops that have USB-C ports use them in place of a traditional barrel-style connector as the only option for attaching an AC adapter.

USB-C's support for sending simultaneous video signals and power means that you might be able to connect to and power a native DisplayPort, MHL, or HDMI device, or connect to almost anything else, assuming you have the proper adapter and cables. (See below for more on adapters.) The USB-C spec even factors in audio transmissions over the interface, but so far it has not replaced the 3.5mm headphone jack on computers to the same degree as it has on phones and tablets.

Make sure to check the specs on any PC you're thinking of buying, because not all USB-C ports are alike. So far, every one we've seen supports both data transfers and connected-device power delivery over USB-C (though not necessarily charging of the host device). But while the USB-C standard supports connecting DisplayPort and/or HDMI displays with an adapter (via the DisplayPort-over-USB protocol), not every PC maker has connected the ports to every system's graphics hardware. Some USB-C ports on a system may support video-out connectivity, while others may not; or none may. Looking at the details is important.

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

4 Crucial Changes You'll Notice the Next Time You Ride Dinosaur

It’s been a long fall without the Dinosaur attraction at Disney’s Animal Kingdom, but with Thanksgiving finally kicking off the holiday season last week at Walt Disney World, this world class attraction is once again operational after a nearly four month refurbishment. With animatronic models, like animaronic dinosaurs, the experience become more exciting.

Though Dinosaur's downtime ended up being much longer than originally planned (it was originally supposed to open back in September), it looks like a lot has been done during this extended refurbishment time. While nothing has changed about the core experience of the ride (you’re still going back in time to grab a dinosaur under a fairly dubious pretext), guests who board a Time Rover in the near future will notice several exciting new elements of this attraction when they ride. Here's everything you need to know about the extensive changes made during the refurbishment:

1. New projection effects have been installed at key moments in the ride

One of the biggest new additions that guests who experience the new and improved Dinosaur ride at Disney's Animal Kingdom will notice is some new projection effects that have been interspersed throughout the attraction. One of the most noticeable new projection elements occurs in the Compsignathus scene, where these little dinosaurs previously dangled over guests' heads during a pivotal part of the attraction. However, it looks like Disney has removed these physical dinosaurs during this attraction’s recent refurbishment, and has replaced the physical dinosaur props (which did not move at all) with subtly-placed screens that show digital versions of these creatures leaping around and nimbly moving through various debris.

Though this is the most noticeable projection effect that has been installed as part of this refurbishment, eagle-eyed guests will also notice a split-second “scanning” of the Iguanodon dinosaur as well during the ride, which matches up well with the audio and provides a nice visual cue that compliments the attraction's story.

2. Lighting effects have been vastly improved

Though you might not think lighting could have a big effect on the overall experience of a theme park ride, the recent refurbishments of both Pirates of the Caribbean as well as Under the Sea: Journey of the Little Mermaid have shown us that intelligent lighting can vastly improve a ride experience. And fortunately, it looks like Disney is continuing to substantially upgrade the lightning inside attractions around the resort, as evidenced by some amazing improvements inside Dinosaur.

One of the biggest lightning changes guests will notice immediately is the enhanced volcanic eruptions and lightning strikes happening behind the dinosaurs in several scenes. While guests might have noticed a few light flashes here and there previously, these effects are much more prominent now, creating a real sense of danger and giving the ride a bigger sense of depth than it had before.

In addition to these newly plussed up background effects, almost all of the major dinosaur skeleton have also been completely re-lit, and now stand out much more against their various backdrops. And while some of the lights make the dinosaurs a lot brighter (and much easier to focus on while you are zooming past in the dark), some new black lights have also been installed to great effect in the finale scene with the Carnotaurus that make this thrilling moment even more exciting.

3. All the dinosaurs are moving

Speaking of dinosaurs, one issue with this attraction that we were really hoping that this lengthy refurbishment would address was the many non-moving dinosaurs in this ride, that had either stopped functioning altogether, or were operating in a very limited capacity. And fortunately, it looks like Disney has made restoring these dinosaurs job number one, as all of the Dinosaurs are now moving around and functioning like they did over a decade ago.

And in even better news for fans of this ride, the newly improved lighting reveals that many of these dinosaurs have been given some fresh new paint as well, with many new details like scales, scars and more now easily visible right from the Time Rover vehicle.

While you may have vague memories of dull, drab and slow moving dinosaurs inside this attraction, after the refurbishment these very dinosaurs are exciting and full of life, which is certainly very good news!

4. Improved audio throughout

While Dinosaur has never had a problem with volume (honestly, this attraction has to be one of the loudest rides at Walt Disney World), many times the dinosaur noises that guests could hear on their journey through the past simply sounded like muffled background noise against the voice on the intercom. However, during this refurbishment, Disney has improved the clarity of the audio in many places, with improved background sound playing throughout the attraction. Various dinosaur noises can now be heard very clearly during the attraction, and even though the audio from the vehicle is still far more prominent than the various grunts and roars from the dinosaurs, the improvement in the background audio makes the ride a lot more enjoyable, and has helps with the overall immersion of the attraction.

Though it was definitely tough to wait for Dinosaur's four-month refurbishment, it looks like all of this downtime was worth it in the end, as this attraction looks better than it has in years. With new effects, lighting, and even a fresh coat of paint, Dinosaur is looking really great for a ride that has been open for more than two decades, and even if you have ridden it dozens of times in the past, this refurbishment has brought some much needed upgrades to this attraction that definitely change the experience of the ride Have you been able to ride Dinosaur since it re-opened earlier this month? What do you think of the changes that have been made to this refurbished attraction? Were there any changes you were hoping to see that didn't quite make the cut? Will you want a dinosaur costume for your own?

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

4 technical reasons why PEX-a pipe is best for plumbing

In an era when plumbing systems are continuing to advance from metal to plastics, contractors are speculating which plastic piping system is best. The right answer can be found by learning some technical facts about crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) pipe — a flexible, durable, plastic piping material that has been used for decades in plumbing and floor heating pipe applications worldwide.

While all PEX pipe must adhere to specific standards for temperature and pressure ratings and pipe-wall thickness, many variables in the manufacturing methods of PEX affect pipe performance. This article will address four technical attributes of PEX to guide you in choosing the best plumbing system for a structure.

No. 1: Uniform crosslinking for the greatest durability

Crosslinking of a polymer results in a network of molecules that are chemically bonded together, rather than solely maintaining individual polymer molecules. By crosslinking high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to get PEX, this process improves the pipe’s ability to maintain pressure holding capabilities at elevated temperatures. It also provides several other mechanical properties.

Polyethylene is comprised of a backbone of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms. During the crosslinking process, the carbon atoms in the individual HDPE molecule bond to the carbon atoms in other HDPE molecules. As a result, the carbon chains are bonded together to form a strong network.

Currently, there are three methods to produce PEX, called PEX-a, PEX-b and PEX-c. With the Engel-method PEX-a manufacturing process, there are no “interference” atoms between the HDPE molecules. Hence, this achieves a direct carbon-to-carbon bonding and the highest degree of crosslinking (around 85%) for the most flexible and durable PEX AI PEX piping product.

The high-temperature, hot-extrusion, single-step process of PEX-a ensures the required high-degree and uniform crosslinking between carbon chains, offering improved properties, such as:

Strength;

Greater flexibility to accommodate expansion and contraction in freezing conditions; and

Better resistance to stress-cracking.

Additionally, the unique properties of PEX-a allow kink repairs with a simple shot of heat from a heat gun.

Silane PEX-b pipe introduces a silicon-oxygen-silicon segment between the individual HDPE molecules, so no direct carbon-to-carbon bonds are achieved in the crosslinking process. This method results in 65% to 70% crosslinking for a much stiffer and less flexible piping product.

PEX-c uses an electron beam to change the molecular structure of the pipe (i.e., crosslink) after the extrusion process, resulting in 70% to 75% crosslinking for a slightly stiffer piping product.

Both PEX-b and PEX-c crosslinking are carried out at lower temperatures in a less controlled, lengthy post-extrusion process. This results in lower crosslinking densities for a stiffer piping product that is not as durable in freeze/thaw conditions and is more susceptible to stress cracking. Additionally, kinks in PEX-b and PEX-c pipes cannot be repaired; if you get a kink, you have to cut in a coupling.

No. 2: Maximum resistance to stress cracking for the strongest system

ASTM International is the standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary technical standards to ensure public health and safety. All PEX pipe manufactured and sold in North America is tested by ASTM — as well as various other testing, listing and standards agencies — to ensure the product is manufactured, installed and performs according to strict parameters.

ASTM F876, Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing, outlines testing on PEX piping to ensure the product will meet stringent performance requirements for long-term use. One test in this standard relates to environmental stress crack resistance.

ESCR is a measure of the pipe’s ability to withstand actual conditions (environmental stress, high temperature, pressure, etc.) in real-life applications. This method measures cracking of stressed samples in the presence of surface-active wetting agents, such as alcohols, soaps, surfactants or others. The surface-active agents in this test method do not chemically attack the polymer, nor do they produce any effect other than microscopically brittle-appearing fractures.

In the absence of the surface-active environment, these fractures would not occur in any reasonable period of time under the same stress conditions. These cracks are generally thought to initiate as microscopic imperfections and then continue in a progressive manner by a plasticization of the induced stress field through the polymer structure. The ability of a polymer to resist slow crack growth, or environmental stress cracking, is known as ESCR.

The test uses six randomly selected PEX pipe with PEX pipe fitting specimens and cuts a 1-inch notch on the inside of the pipe at a 10% depth of the pipe wall. The pipes are filled with the test medium, which is typically 5% “IGEPAL CO-630” (an ESCR-accelerating agent), mixed with 95% untreated water.

The pipes are then pressurized to 195 psi at a temperature of 180° F for a minimum of 100 hours. One PEX-a manufacturer’s product tested in this fashion lasted 10,000 hours. The same test was repeated with a 20% notch depth to further increase the effect of the test factors, and still the pipe maintained the pressure for 10,000 hours.

It is important to note that several other PEX grades available on the market today barely meet the 100-hour mark, and some non-crosslinked polyethylene products are not even able to meet the minimum 100-hour requirement set forth in the standard.

No. 3: Most resilient in freeze/thaw conditions for maximum performance

Metal and other plastic pipes tend to burst when temperatures fall below 25° F, causing devastating damage and costly repairs. PEX-a pipes, however, exhibit an inherent resistance to freeze damage when compared with metal pipes and other plastic pipes on the market.

Freeze-testing reveals PEX-a pipes have the extreme flexibility (referenced in the “uniform crosslinking” section above) to not shatter or show any ballooning after freezing. The pipe retains its shape or returns to its original shape once brought back to room temperature and the ice inside the pipe melts back to water.

This specific property of PEX-a pipe offers a great advantage over other piping materials on the market.

No. 4: Superior stability with changing water chemistry environments

Plumbing materials are bombarded by changing water chemistry and varying metal-ion concentrations during use. Generally speaking, water chemistry changes with geographical locations and the way water is treated before reaching the end user.

Additionally, several metal ions (mainly copper and iron) are found in water due to the dissolution of metal ions from the carrier pipes feeding the plumbing system with brass valve or in metal components of the plumbing system. Hence, it is imperative that plumbing system pipes are able to withstand variations in water chemistry for prolonged periods of time.

In the case of PEX, there is a distinct advantage over other polyolefin pipes. This advantage arises from the fundamental difference in the polymer backbone structure. PEX-a uses a polyethylene starting material with a linear backbone having no branching.

In contrast, both polypropylene (PP-r) and polyethylene raised temperature (PE-RT) pipes contain short-chain branches along the backbone, decreasing the chemical resistance of the polymer chains. In addition, the polyethylene polymer in PEX-a has a higher molecular weight when compared with other polyolefin polymers that are used in the plastic piping industry.

Internal testing conducted using changing water chemistry (pH, soluble salts, etc.) and using increased metal ions showed PEX-a has superior resistance when compared with other plastic pipe tool. So when it comes to chemical resistance, aggressive vapors and durability, PEX-a is the strongest, most durable pipe in harsh plumbing conditions.

With the plumbing piping landscape continuing to expand, with more materials available for professionals and consumers to consider, it’s important to know the facts about how these piping materials are manufactured, tested and perform.

Learning the technical facts will give you confidence and assurance that the piping system you’re putting into a structure is designed to provide decades of safe, reliable use.

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

Must-have kitchen accessories

6 Must-Have Kitchen Accessories That You Should Own

For many especially to moms, the kitchen is the most-used space at home, like bathroom suppliers. It’s where meals are prepared; and a place where everyone can bond together and enjoy quality time. And since too much time is spent here, it would be great to add some accessories to make it more organized and functional.

1. COLUMNS

Keep your kitchen tools and ingredients in one place by adding innovative and stylish columns with insolation cover. These particular accessories are usually built with baskets and frames to hold kitchen essentials including bread bags, bottles, dishes, and more. Plus, columns can be used to smoothen workflow.

How? You ask. By improving kitchen tasks like preparing meals, cleaning, and so on, through proper division of work zones or areas. Such advantage–as straightforward as it may seem–ensures that the said undertakings are done in a more effective as well as efficient manner. This, by shortening distances by ensuring that you know exactly where you can get a specific kitchen suppliers or where you need to perform a certain task. The boxes may be ricer box, seasoning box, chopsticks box, etc.

2. DRAWERS

Have you ever struggled endlessly through your kitchen to find where your cutting boards, cookie sheets, or utensils are? We’ve all been in this situation and it is extremely stressful. It’s about time to get rid of such stress and maximize your kitchen space with affordable yet quality drawers.

Nothing is more satisfying than an organized kitchen. And this can definitely be achieved if you have drawers at home. With these kitchen accessories, you can find your cups, plates, pans, and more in a flash. Problem solved!

3. PULL-OUT CABINETS

Spices and other ingredients often get lost or missing in the kitchen especially if you’re always busy cooking. Display these spices and make them easily accessible by investing in pull-out cabinets. Getting these kitchen accessories is undeniably a clever way to arrange and see your favorite spices in an instant. You just need to pull it out for easy access while you are preparing and cooking the dishes.

In line with this, if you have limited kitchen space and you want to ensure that no inch is going to waste, then you should seriously consider the DISPENSA Pantry Pull-out by Kesseböhmer. It allows storage of kitchen groceries, equipment, and accessories, among others. Plus, it can be installed in a heartbeat and in general, requires minimal to no maintenance.

4. DISH DRAINERS

While most people find dishwashing a boring and tiring task, it is very important to do this job properly; otherwise, it can affect the health of your household. Your dishes and other kitchen essentials and other daily necessities must be clean all the time. And one way to do it is to use a dish drainer.

This kitchen accessory is perfect for air drying your dishes. It also provides convenience and stability when storing wet bowls, plates, and others. And to prevent water from leaking, it is strongly recommended to place the drainer on an absorbent towel, baking sheet, or rubber mat. Moreover, buy one that is made of premium material such as plastic for easy cleaning and durability.

5. WASTE BINS

Keep your kitchen tidier and always pleasing to the eye by placing waste bins. This accessory does not only add to the look of your space but also plays a significant role in collecting or recycling waste.

Waste bins are often foot-activated and can easily be placed against a cabinet base or wall. They also work conveniently with trash bags and are available in various sizes and types.

6. POWER OUTLET SYSTEM

The right power outlet system has, say, taken the back seat nowadays when it comes to kitchen enhancement. This should not be the case, especially if safety is a little something that you value. Remember, there are accidents that are only waiting to happen e.g. plugged appliance falls onto a sink of water, plants drip water onto outlets, and so on. These can lead to electrocution and other unwanted incidents. On top of these, extension cords may become overloaded or frayed and may lead to fires.

If you’re worried about the aforementioned circumstances, it’s best to invest in cutting-edge power tracks, adaptors, and other similar accessories, in the mold of those that are produced by Eubiq.

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

Top Die Cutting Questions & Answers

Whether you're new to die cutting, need some clarification, or have a specific question in the realm of die cutting, we're here to provide you with some answers!

Find your question below, or by using the content bar on the side to help you navigate.

Also, see the bottom of this page for additional resources on die cutting, including tips and tricks and more! Looking for Die Cutting machines, tools, and supplies? Find thousands of die cutting supplies here.

What is die cutting?

Die cutting is a broad term, but in crafting, the act of die cutting refers to a process in which you use a machine to mass-produce cut-out shapes. You can create the same shape, with the exact same dimensions, over and over without using scissors, stencils, or a craft knife. It saves time and makes your cut-out shapes look professional and consistent every time.

What is a die cutting machine?

Die cutting machines or card making machines are machines that cut shapes out of paper, chipboard (like cardboard but thicker and more dense), fabric and other materials. Most people who die cut regularly have personal die cutting machines that are about the size of a small toaster oven. These machines can sit on top of your crafting table or work space or can be stored in a small area and brought out when needed. There are even tiny tabletop versions like the Sidekick or Mini Evolution, and compact folding versions like the Sizzix Big Shot Foldaway.

Just like any other appliance or tool, there are a variety of brands of die cutting machines, and each differs slightly from the other. You can also check out this resource for die-cutting machines. It will give you an overview of different styles so you can choose the right machine for your needs.

What is a manual die cutting machine?

Manual die cutting machines are operated with an easy-to-turn crank or lever and use specialized metal shapes to cut paper and other materials. Sometimes these machines will also have a powered component that will help operate the machine with electricity. As the material and metal die pass through the machine's rollers, it applies pressure and the die cuts the paper or other material into the shape of the die.

The most popular manual machines are made by Sizzix, We R Memory Keepers, and Spellbinders.

What is a digital die cutting machine?

Digital die cutting machines are powered by electricity and are controlled by computer software or cartridges. Digital cutters do not require steel dies because they have a blade inside the machine that cuts the paper or other materials. You can select the shape you want to create via a software program on your computer, phone, tablet, or a specialized cartridge for the machine.

The most popular digital die cutting machines are made by Silhouette and ProvoCraft's Cricut. Digital die cutters look like consumer printers and connect to your machine through a USB port or Bluetooth technology, similar to a printer or other accessory. You can purchase digital files you want the machine to cut out or cartridges with pre-loaded images on them!

What is a die?

In die cutting, dies are metal-shaped objects with a raised, sharp area for cutting. They are similar in appearance and effect to cookie cutters - the shape of the die is the shape that will get cut out on your paper.

There are a few different types of dies. Steel-rule dies are sharp and protected with foam or plastic material (for your safety). They are typically more durable as they are designed for cutting thicker materials, or multiple cuts all at once. Thin metal dies are not as sharp and can't cut quite as thick of materials as steel-rule dies can. They look more like your traditional cookie cutter- a metal shape, without any surrounding foam or plastic and are lighter and easier to store.

Dies come in a wide array of sizes and styles. There are basic shapes, words, sentiments, intricate florals, delicate lace, animals, food shapes, and almost anything you can think of. With so many dies to choose from, there’s a die for every purpose and occasion!

What are die cutting machines used for?

Though die cutting machines vary (you’ll want to read the machine specs before purchasing) all die cutting machines cut paper. Most also cut felt, foam, thin fabric, and vinyl- though it’s to be noted that only steel-rule dies can cut chipboard. Some can even cut corkboard, leather, rubber, and sponge!

Die cutting machines can be used to make stickers, envelopes, stand-up cards, gift tags, treat bags, party favors, shaker cards, pillow boxes, and more. They are used by card makers, scrapbookers, paper crafters, quilters and general crafters. They are even used in classrooms to facilitate learning and create projects.

Which die cutting machine is best?

It really depends on what your needs are and what you’re looking for. The Sizzix Big Shot is the most popular manual crafting foil stamping and die cutting machine. However, there are many different machines with many different features, pros, and cons. When purchasing a die cutting machine, it’s important to read the product descriptions and the reviews to see what each machine is best for and what other people have to say about them and their experiences.

If you're thinking about purchasing a die cutting machine or a film laminating machine, this article will help you make the right decision for you.

Where did die cutting get its name? Why is it called die cut?

The origin of the word dates back to 1300-50, middle English de. In Latin, the word “given” is datum. The word die, as it is today, in this context, presumably, comes from this origin, “given, put, placed” therefore also meaning “played, or cast.”

In that day and age, dies referred to stamping processes like creating coins or casting of items - usually in metal - made from dies. In the 1800's, a new invention was created for mass production - die cutting. The old term "die" (creation by machination) was combined with "cut" (the act of cutting out a shape) to create the term "die cutting". It is unknown who first coined the term "die cutting" which appears in the English lexicon in the mid-1800s. Also, there is UV coating machine.

Who invented die cutting?

Die cutting was invented in the mid-1800s in order to help streamline the shoemaking industry. Since cutting the soles of shoes was formerly done by hand, typically out of leather, the process was time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. The invention of the die cutting machine revolutionized work for cobblers and made shoes much more consistent as shapes were always cut the same size, the same way, instead of by hand. This meant that shoes could now be given standard sizing.

In the early 1900’s, as technology advanced, so did the die-cutting machine. The invention of the hand crank die cutting machine made it possible to have different sizes and shapes of dies, meaning cobblers could create any part of the shoe they needed by machine - and the same machine at that. Shoes became easier to make and also much more affordable to all people.

It wasn’t until 1977 that the first hand-operated die cutting machine for consumers was invented, by Bob and LaDorna Eichenberg, the creators of Ellison. Since then, die cutting machines have grown and transformed alongside the flourishing crafting industry! Cool, right?

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

What Are Nootropics?

Nootropics, or “smart drugs,” are a class of substances that can boost brain performance. They are sometimes called cognition enhancers or memory enhancing substances.

Prescription nootropics are medications that have stimulant effects. They can counteract the symptoms of medical conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, or Alzheimer’s disease.

Nonprescription substances that can enhance brain performance or focus — such as caffeine and creatine — are also considered nootropics. They do not treat diseases but may have some effects on thinking, memory, or other mental functions.

This article looks at prescription and nonprescription smart drugs, including their uses, side effects, and safety warnings.

Prescription nootropics

A doctor may prescribe a nootropic to treat a medical condition. Usually, the drug is a type of stimulant, such as an amphetamine, that can help treat ADHD, narcolepsy, dementia, or a similar condition. There is also raw powder for animal and plant.

Prescription nootropics include:

modafinil (Provigil), a stimulant that addresses the sudden drowsiness of narcolepsy

Adderall, which contains amphetamines to treat ADHD

methylphenidate (Ritalin), a stimulant that can manage symptoms of narcolepsy and ADHD

memantine (Axura), which treats symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

While these can be effective in treating specific medical conditions, a person should not take them without a prescription.

Like any prescription medications, they carry risks of side effects and interactions, and a person should only take them under a doctor’s care.

Common side effects of prescription nootropics include:

high blood pressure

a fast heart rate

insomnia and other sleep disturbances

trouble with vision

addiction

Some evidenceTrusted Source suggests that people who use prescription nootropic ingredients powder to improve brain function have a higher risk of impulsive behaviors, such as risky sexual practices.

Healthcare providers should work closely with people taking prescription nootropics to manage any side effects and monitor their condition.

Over-the-counter nootropics

The term “nootropic” can also refer to natural or synthetic supplements that boost mental performance. The following sections discuss nootropics as a bodybuilding supplement that do not require a prescription.

Caffeine

Many people consume beverages that contain caffeine, such as coffee or tea, because of their stimulant effects. Studies suggest that caffeine is safe for most people in moderate amounts.

Having a regular cup of coffee or tea may be a good way to boost mental focus. However, extreme amounts of caffeine may not be safe.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommend that people consume no more than 400 milligrams (mg)Trusted Source of caffeine a day. This is the amount in 4–5 cups of coffee.

Caffeine pills and powders can contain extremely high amounts of the stimulant. Taking them can lead to a caffeine overdose and even death, in rare cases.

Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant may need to limit or avoid caffeine intake. Studies have found that consuming 4 or more servings of caffeine a day is linked to a higher risk of pregnancy loss.

L-theanine

L-theanine is an amino acid that occurs in black and green teas. People can also take l-theanine supplements.

A 2016 review reported that l-theanine may increase alpha waves in the brain. Alpha waves may contribute to a relaxed yet alert mental state.

L-theanine may work well when paired with caffeine. Some evidence suggests that this combination helps boost cognitive performance and alertness. Anyone looking to consume l-theanine in tea should keep the FDA’s caffeine guidelinesTrusted Source in mind.

There are no dosage guidelines for l-theanine, but many supplements recommend taking 100–400 mg per day.

Omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are among the most well-known and well-studied mental enhancers.

These polyunsaturated fats are found in fatty fish and fish oil supplements. This type of fat is important for brain health, and a person must get it from their diet.

Omega-3s help build membranes around the body’s cells, including the neurons. These fats are important for repairing and renewing brain cells.

A 2015 review found that omega-3 fatty acids protect against brain aging. Other research has concluded that omega-3s are important for brain and nervous system function.

However, a large analysis found “no benefit for cognitive function with omega‐3 [polyunsaturated fatty acids] supplementation among cognitively healthy older people.” The authors recommend further long term studies.

A person can get omega-3 supplements in various forms, including fish oil, krill oil, and algal oil.

These supplements carry a low risk of side effects when a person takes them as directed, but they may interact with medications that affect blood clotting. Ask a doctor before taking them.

Racetams

Racetams are synthetic compounds that can affect neurotransmitters in the brain. Some nootropic racetams include:

piracetam

pramiracetam

phenylpiracetam

aniracetam

A study conducted in rats suggests that piracetam may have neuroprotective effects.

One review states that “Some of the studies suggested there may be some benefit from piracetam, but, overall, the evidence is not consistent or positive enough to support its use for dementia or cognitive impairment.” Confirming this will require more research.

There is no set dosage for racetams, so a person should follow instructions and consult a healthcare provider. Overall, studies have no found adverse effects of taking racetams as directed.

Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is a tree native to China, Japan, and Korea. Its leaves are available as an herbal supplement.

A 2016 study found that gingko biloba is “potentially beneficial” for improving brain function, but confirming this will require more research.

Ginkgo biloba may help with dementia symptoms, according to one review, which reported the effects occurring in people who took more than 200 mg per day for at least 5 months.

However, the review’s authors note that more research is needed. Also, with prescription nootropics as health supplements available, ginkgo biloba may not be the most safe or effective option.

Panax ginseng

Panax ginseng is a perennial shrub that grows in China and parts of Siberia. People use its roots for medicinal purposes.

People should not confuse Panax ginseng with other types of ginseng, such as Siberian or American varieties. These are different plants with different uses.

A 2018 review reports that Panax ginseng may help prevent certain brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. It also may help with brain recovery after a stroke.

Panax ginseng interacts with many medications, so consult a doctor before taking it. A typical dosage for mental function is 100–600 mg once or twice a day.

Rhodiola

Some evidence suggests that Rhodiola rosea L., also known as rhodiola or roseroot, can help with cognitive ability.

One reviewTrusted Source reported that rhodiola may have neuroprotective effects and may help treat neurodegenerative diseases.

Another review found that rhodiola helped regulate neurotransmitters in the brain, having a positive effect on mood.

Rhodiola capsules have varying strengths. Usually, a person takes a capsule once or twice daily.

Creatine

Creatine is an amino acid, which is a building block of protein. This supplement is popular among athletes because it may help improve exercise performance. It may also have some effects on mental ability.

A 2018 reviewTrusted Source found that taking creatine appears to help with short term memory and reasoning. Whether it helps the brain in other ways is unclear.

The International Society of Sports NutritionTrusted Source report that creatine supplementation of up to 30 grams per day is safe for healthy people to take for 5 years.

Another 2018 review notes that there has been limited research into whether this supplement is safe and effective for adolescent athletes.

Do nootropics work?

Some small studies show that some nootropic supplements can affect the brain. But there is a lack of evidence from large, controlled studies to show that some of these supplements consistently work and are completely safe.

Because of the lack of research, experts cannot say with certainty that over-the-counter nootropics improve thinking or brain function — or that everyone can safely use them.

For example, one report on cognitive enhancers found that there is not enough evidence to indicate that they are safe and effective for healthy people. The researchers also point to ethical concerns.

However, there is evidence that omega-3 fatty acids can benefit the brain and overall health. In addition, caffeine can improve mental focus in the short term.

[jovialcheesecaketriumph]

Hand tools deserve respect for safety sake

Hand tools are extensions of our hands. When we misuse our hands, we experience pain. When we misuse hand tools, the possibility of injury to ourselves or people working around us increases considerably. Furthermore, using a tool incorrectly can damage the tool or even cause the tool to fail. Here are some guidelines for hand tool safety.

Use the Right Tool for the Job

Using the correct tool for the job is the first step in safe hand tool use. Tools are designed for specific needs. That’s why you’ll find screwdrivers with various lengths and tip styles and pliers with different head shapes. Using any tool inappropriately is a step in the wrong direction. To avoid personal injury and tool damage, select the proper tool to do the job well and safely.

Quality professional hand tools will last many years if they are taken care of and treated with respect. Manufacturers design tools for specific applications. If you use your screwdriver as a chisel or a pry bar, you can’t expect it to be in good shape when you actually need to drive a screw. Use tools only for their intended purpose.

Use Insulated Tools When Needed

Many jobs require the use of insulated tools. Hand tools are often used in combination with lockout tag systems to ensure that the circuits are not live. Most maintenance technicians claim they never work a job “hot.” But, what happens when a computer is on the circuit and it can’t be shut down, or when medical equipment is connected to the circuit? You never know when a situation will arise where insulated tools are required. All professionals need to have some insulated tools in their collection.

Insulated hand tools must be clearly marked with the official, international 1,000-volt rating symbol. They also must meet IEC 60900 and ASTM F1505 standards. Every insulated tool is tested at 10,000 volts to receive a 1,000-volt rating. These tools are designed to reduce the chance of injury if the tool should make contact with an energized source. Make note, tools with plastic-dipped or slip-on plastic handles are not insulated. Those features are for comfort only. Likewise, wrapping a tool with electric tape does not provide insulation.

Inspect insulated tools frequently. Watch for any wear or cracking of the insulation. Keep them clean, dry, and free of surface contaminants, which can compromise their insulating properties. If the dielectric insulation has been breached by cutting, wear, or a burn, the tool should be taken out of service to ensure safety.

Follow General Safety and Maintenance Practices

Safe tool use contributes to a safer, more efficient work environment. Misusing automotive tools is not only dangerous, it shows a lack of understanding of tool safety and a lack of respect for those around you. Also, if improper tool use causes an accident, downtime will impact the entire job.

Always wear approved eye protection when using hand tools. Metal will fly when it is cut. Safety glasses protect your eyes and prevent serious injury. Other workers in the vicinity should wear eye protection, as well.

Keep cutting tools sharp, lubricated, and in good repair. This applies to knives, bolt cutters, cable cutters, many types of pliers, and all other cutting tool sets.

When cutting wire, bolts, and similar materials, cuts should be made at a 90-degree angle to the work to avoid chipping the edges of the knives. Pliers should not be wiggled or rocked as you attempt to cut material, as this puts tremendous side pressure on the cutting surfaces and can result in the failure of the cutting knives.

Most accidents happen because one or more safe operating procedures were not followed. History usually tells us what we did right or wrong and how that affected our job performance. The old saying “Do it right the first time” applies to using hand tools safely. This includes staying up-to-date on safety techniques and following safe practices in the work place. Professionals shouldn’t need second chances, because professionals do the job right the first time.

Use Well-Designed, High-Quality Tools

Finally, investing in high-quality tools makes the professional’s job safer and easier.

If extra leverage is needed, use high-leverage pliers, which give more cutting and gripping power than standard pliers. This helps, in particular, when making repetitive cuts or twisting numerous wire pairs.

Knurled jaws provide sure-gripping action when pulling or twisting wires.

Some side-cutting and diagonal-cutting pliers are designed for heavy-duty cutting. When cutting ACSR, screws, nails and hardened wire, only use pliers that are recommended for that use.

Pliers with hot riveting at the joint ensure smooth movement across the full action range of the pliers, which reduces handle wobble, resulting in a positive cut. The knives align perfectly every time.

Induction hardening on the cutting knives adds to long life, so the pliers cut cleanly day after day.

Sharp cutting knives and tempered handles also contribute to cutting ease.

Some pliers are designed to perform special functions. For example, some high-leverage pliers have features that allow crimping connectors and pulling fish tapes.

Tool handles and power tools and accessory with dual-molded material allow for a softer, more comfortable grip on the outer surface and a harder, more durable grip on the inner surface and handle ends.

Well-designed tools often include a contoured thumb area for a firmer grip or color-coded handles for easy tool identification.

Insulated cordless tools reduce the chance of injury where the tool may make contact with an energized source.

Well-designed tools are a pleasure to use. They save time, give professional results and help you do your job more safely.

This article has covered the importance of using hand power tools safely and treating them with respect. Always remember, safety is essential to good job performance. Pay attention to what’s going on around you, be flexible, and adapt to changing conditions. Think before you react, and keep your head in the game.

Think about tool safety each and every time you begin a job, and you’ll perform your job safely and effectively. Those are your hands that are being extended by the pliers or the screwdriver. Treat your tools as carefully as you treat your hands.