keirichan12-blog

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Final Exam

Prompt: How did state regulation of citizenship and slavery inform the social, economic, and political development of the United States of America from the signing of the American Constitution in 1787 to the conclusion of the American Civil War in 1865?

The matter of who qualifies as a citizen has always been a major issue in the development of the United States, but never more so than before the American Civil War. During this time period, the issue of who should be a citizen drastically affected the social, economic, and political development of the nation. 

Manifest Destiny

The issue slavery was exacerbated by westward expansion where new states were disputed over to be either free or slave states. Manifest destiny, or the idea of the country extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, played a major role in the push for westward expansion. 

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjsmumWo7DMAhVD4SYKHZQbB-sQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apt2015.alisonstaudinger.com%2Ftag%2Fmanifest-destiny%2F&psig=AFQjCNGdE1ju1CDDrJ9ftf0eeec96F2EyA&ust=1461896546711617

Wilmot Proviso

The Wilmot Proviso was written to prevent any territory acquired from the Republic of Mexico to become areas allowing slavery or involuntary servitude. The westward expansion was achieved through acquisition of territory from France and Mexico. However, the debate about slavery for the next 15 years was sparked by the Wilmot Proviso.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiJz-S-o7DMAhXKOSYKHf6hBQIQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Famsarealcause.wikispaces.com%2FWilmot%2BProviso&psig=AFQjCNH2_Dx6tSfhy0a4_9W5ZVrEcZS5Cw&ust=1461896626274853

Popular Sovereignty

Popular sovereignty was attempted in the western territories after California became a state and nullified the previous agreement of which states were Southern and which were Northern. Popular sovereignty allowed the settlers to decide whether to be a slave or free state.  However, the conditions for which this could be decided were not specified and lead to increased tension between the Northerners and Southerners.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiFtcLao7DMAhVL5CYKHeOlDGoQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcitizenshipshanebrittany.weebly.com%2Fpopular-sovereignty.html&psig=AFQjCNHzLFump_Vvb_RGlQp1E90AGr4FPQ&ust=1461896

Fugitive slaves

Fugitive slaves for African Americans who escaped from slavers in the South and attempted to make their way to free states. A previous court decision had made the returning of fugitive slaves a federal matter but led the South to desire a strong fugitive slave law and raised tensions throughout the nation until the Compromise of 1850.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwje-Njzo7DMAhVDRSYKHa_VAnEQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States&psig=AFQjCNFUUuYQlelyz4FZ5e_sHmUThIMdlA&ust=1461896739567231

Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a series of 5 bills that allowed the defusion of the slavery situation between the North and the South. It made California a free state, Texas didn’t claim New Mexico and all its debt was taken over by the government, the Wilmot Proviso was denied and Utah and New Mexico could decide their slavery status by popular sovereignty, slave trade was banned in the District of Columbia, and enacted a stronger Fugitive Slave Law.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjx7cScpLDMAhUDWSYKHQ-EAaUQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Ftomrichey%2Fmexican-war-and-compromise-of-1850&psig=AFQjCNGlLTYZ_HVJfd-PPgLqVOKdvvl8Zw&ust=1461896817799553

Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was a series of safe houses that ran from the South to the North and led fugitive slaves out of the South in secret. However, because of the Fugitive Slave Law, Southerners began demanding the return of escaped slaves. If an African American was captured as a fugitive slave, no proof was really needed to convince the judge that he was a fugitive and the captive could not argue on their own behalf.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjU3NOtpLDMAhXL4CYKHRUeAwAQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harriet-tubman.org%2Funderground-railroad%2F&psig=AFQjCNEs_tFkKUFcrxpqTr0DwXFL4qHPjw&ust=1461896865350743

Sojourner Truth

Sojourner Truth was born in New York as a slave and after gaining her freedom through the state emancipation, she dedicated her life to being an abolitionist and women’s rights activist. Her famous speech “Ain’t I a Woman?” helped demonstrate that humans were human regardless of skin color, just as she is still considered a women despite being African American.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwizzKXUpLDMAhVI6iYKHULQAKUQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fsojourner-truth-9511284&psig=AFQjCNHdQBMKedsBV5MYNSvUcVqPlN5WqQ&ust=1461896946717069

Samuel Hill

Samuel Hill sold Sojourner Truth her house and land in 1850 despite the popular beliefs at the time against African Americans. Hill could be described as the ideal version of the Northern belief that people are humans regardless of color.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwigjvekpbDMAhXLSyYKHfYRCEcQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smith.edu%2Fhsc%2Fsilk%2Fnorthampton.html&bvm=bv.120853415,d.eWE&psig=AFQjCNHQ_-0Yqs-C4TkmR5eHhho0hz2_CA&ust=1461897113952292

Nativism

Nativism is the strong movement for the promotion and consumption of local customs and products. Nativism played a major role in the antagonism towards immigrants and effected how the nation viewed who were citizens.

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwij1InVpbDMAhVF8CYKHcmPBeUQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhubpages.com%2Fpolitics%2FNativism-in-America-Today&psig=AFQjCNGAF0HMJsSUMDtJEoHzFY1QeAVUgg&ust=1461897215488584

Colonial Economy

While the Northern economy was changing to industry and manufacturing, the South was still relying on its colonial economy, or the traditional economy, of growing and shipping cotton and tobacco. As the North’s desire to abolish slavery increased, the threat to the Southern economy increase and raised tensions between the two. 

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjLxfXtpbDMAhXBSyYKHZJrB7kQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fteachers.henrico.k12.va.us%2Ftucker%2Fstrusky_m%2Fwebquests%2FVUS3_ColoniesDevelop%2FColonialDevelopment.html&psig=AFQjCNGKTX7wcX3BI6Pyq4iTROkRypAwxQ&ust=1461897268149941

Interchangable Parts

The Northern economy changed upon the introduction of interchangeable parts. This concept allowed machines to creates an innumerable amounts of parts that could be put together to create things like guns, clocks, and sewing machines. This was caused by the shortage of traditional method experts and high wages. This decreased the amount of time, labor and cost to make products, making them cheaper on the market. However, such advances in technology in the South made slavery worse instead of better. The cotton gin for example allowed more cotton to be sorted but that meant that plantation owners needed more slaves to grow greater quantities. 

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwia_K6AprDMAhWI4yYKHWsYA2UQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Famerica.pink%2Finterchangeable-parts_2093227.html&psig=AFQjCNE5n0z8Brsz4N-eqI-SBjOo3SPO0Q&ust=1461897307489481

Free-labor Ideology

The free-labor ideal was the belief that a free man works harder and more efficiently than an enslaved man. This ideal was a key argument for abolitionists but the Southern plantation owners didn’t believe this is in the slightest. The eventual compromise of this was the creation of Jim Crow laws which were supposed to free slaves but only put them into extreme debt. 

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj--uyUprDMAhUGbSYKHRgDAtcQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FFree-Soil-Labor-Men-Republican%2Fdp%2F0195094972&psig=AFQjCNFUggquyeehrs1HxOTjR2pSz6fXmw&ust=1461897349655137

Habeas Corpus

The writ of habeas corpus prevented any person to be held prisoner without legal process and documentation. This writ was created to prevent members of the KKK from detaining African American men from voting or other such rights granted by the 14th and 15th Amendments. But it granted protection of rights to all citizens, whites, immigrants, or African American, and is the foundation for many modern laws. 

Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi8ud_3orDMAhWBLyYKHRAuCaUQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fonlinegallery%2Ftakingliberties%2Fstaritems%2F25habeascorpusact.html&psig=AFQjCNGd-Z-1wfaDwTYujWwrNEk65JvWUA&ust=1461896461473955

The issues of state regulation of citizenship and slavery inform led to many important developments in the United States of America’s social, economic, and political characteristics. The decisions from that time provided the beginning for equal rights for all men and women, produced a prosperous trade, and became a nation where people could hope in the darkest of wars. And hopefully shall continue to do so in the future.

[keirichan12-blog]

During the Civil War, disease was a huge killer. People tend to forget that the other side of a battle are human too but disease doesn’t care. Tuberculosis was a major illness that killed soldiers. At the time, it was known as consumption and was believed to be caused by alcohol. But hygiene was another factor of the disease that many soldiers didn’t have a choice but to ignore. And this increased their chances of death.

[keirichan12-blog]

Chapter 16 IDs

compensated emancipation- a method of ending slavery used by Lincoln. It gave slave owners a monetary compensation for the freedom of their slaves

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjt_IH_kJrMAhXL6yYKHa9hAREQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcivilwardailygazette.com%2Flincoln-advocates-compensated-emancipation-and-colonization%2F&psig=AFQjCNHw6huYQDB06apS0Pon3wLChcHJ0Q&ust=1461135749854506

copperheads- another term for Democrats used by Republicans, after the poison snake

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiNhIy-kZrMAhVEQiYKHX06DnkQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emmitsburg.net%2Farchive_list%2Farticles%2Fhistory%2Fcivil_war%2Fcwcr%2Fcopperheads.htm&psig=AFQjCNH-H2jY14BTpBF_AWYciZtrxNu2pg&ust=1461135885267981

martial law- form of government where the military is the acting enforcer of the law.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjjjbH2kZrMAhUHYyYKHbj8DtwQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infowars.com%2Fbattlefield-usa-de-facto-state-of-martial-law-declared-in-boston-pics-from-the-war-zone%2F&psig=AFQjCNHPUN_6VcX3IVnowAHsE3IMv-UI5g&ust=1461135994221690

Twenty Negro Law- law that exempted one white man from service for every 20 slaves owned. Made in an attempt to prevent slave rebellions with so many men away at war

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjqzae5kprMAhWMNSYKHYUmArsQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwaronthewesternborder.org%2Ftimeline%2Fconfed-twenty-negro-law&psig=AFQjCNG5bIc1n5X8RsLHx8_HnLBNnvLy6g&ust=1461136141350974

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Class Discussion 4/14

Throughout school we were told that the Civil War was fought over emancipation but it really wasn’t. A major cause for the Civil War was the inability of the States to have a coherent set of laws and rights across all the states. With each state having its own set of laws, matters of multiple state legislature became a huge issue and it was often the nature of the cases presented. This gave the impression that the Civil War was fought over emancipation. 

[keirichan12-blog]

Chapter 15 ID’s

secession: withdrawal from a federation

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiDucLHpojMAhXBRSYKHdIBBNkQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Famerican-civil-war%2Fsecession&psig=AFQjCNHI4Cd9GT5kf6YOxb7pi-OQtrrIcA&ust=1460523065828022

Bushwhackers: a form of guerrilla warfare used during the Civil War to fight over large tracts of land.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiGhaeTqYjMAhVM7iYKHS_0BFoQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legendsofkansas.com%2Fbushwhackers.html&bvm=bv.119028448,d.cWw&psig=AFQjCNGLw4lPNm_qOOdRq0DhRgjOmRsOXw&ust=1460523737285680

rifling: the spiral grooves engraved into the barrel of a gun that causes the bullet to spin.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwifwNrbq4jMAhUBdyYKHfDgCU4QjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hunter-ed.com%2Falaska%2FstudyGuide%2FRifling-in-the-Rifle-or-Handgun-Bore%2F201001_700049202%2F&psig=AFQjCNHw0WETRl3AMr4X6-loE6OqlewRoQ&ust=1460524440838218

specie: money in the form of coins instead of notes. The metal that backs up paper money.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjJoK_GrYjMAhVEPiYKHX85DgIQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fcoinquest.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fcq%2Fcoins%3Fmain_coin%3D5102&psig=AFQjCNF9fbS3oKC90NMEZ-r3fWxDC3E4fg&ust=1460524932088533

[keirichan12-blog]

Class Discussion 4/7/16

Nativism is a common occurrence. After 9/11, Americans felt a huge pull of nativism against the Middle East that still continues today. This is similar to the nativism felt during the years of the Irish Potato Famine. At that time nativism was against Mormons and Catholics, which most immigrant Irishmen were. 

[keirichan12-blog]

Class Discussion 4/5/16

Looking at how violently American politics handled westward expansion makes me realize how similar humans are to each other. America was started by people escaping religious prosecution and now they too were prosecuting other people based on race and religion. The problem and people didn’t change, just the roles.

[keirichan12-blog]

Chapter 14 ID’s

nativism: emphasis on local customs and strong opposition to outside influences

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjNrpv3yfbLAhVE0GMKHapMDR0QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhubpages.com%2Fpolitics%2FNativism-in-America-Today&psig=AFQjCNFEFEigNYLseOCpf30WI6XnDFu-mQ&ust=1459914087202590

border ruffians: group of Missourians who crossed into Kansas in order to vote for making the state pro-slavery

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwims--fyfbLAhUEymMKHb_xCCQQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kshs.org%2Fp%2Fkansas-territory-an-annotated-bibliography%2F14684&bvm=bv.118443451,d.cGc&psig=AFQjCNEWjTBPYbd81ns6QJFm2NeIIG1rmQ&ust=1459913898147599

colonial economy: economy based on the export of agricultural products and import of manufactured goods

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwigg-KxyvbLAhUI3mMKHRPdBzQQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fpin%2F32932641000106735%2F&psig=AFQjCNHipvcBTBdd-MgQW9vskj1MetAqAw&ust=1459914177187179

free-labor ideology: the idea that people work better when it is of their own will as opposed to enslaved and forced to work. Also believed that enslaving a person to work degraded manual labor by equating it to bondage.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiq7N6zy_bLAhUKx2MKHZ0IDaMQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.uillinois.edu%2Fbooks%2Fcatalog%2F83qmn2rk9780252039331.html&psig=AFQjCNHkjnH-bUxr9016bKohM1Ajq1EEUg&ust=1459914481728368

[keirichan12-blog]

Previously, the concept of Manifest Destiny didn’t display the desperation of most of the people that went westward. This puts a whole new light on the time period, one of fear and uncertainty. It just shows that the central government doesn’t always know what is best for the people, despite popular sovereignty.

[keirichan12-blog]

In my Sociology class, I learned that Green Marxism believes that capitalism is insufficient and will destroy itself. Learning about the beginnings of the Bank of the United States, I cans see where that came from. Almost immediately, the system became corrupt due to capitalism which then led to conflict and war.

[keirichan12-blog]

It’s a common occurrence that when things go wrong, the government gets blamed but in the case of the Second Bank of America, it was the states that caused the problems. It doesn’t take a genius to understand that the more currency you print, the less value it has. By printing more currency than gold to back it up, states buried themselves. But again, instead of owning up and working to fix it, the states and people blame the central government and delaying a solution. I guess some politics never change. 

[keirichan12-blog]

The invention of the cotton gin, though meant to decrease the labor on slaves, did the opposite. This is a process known as the treadmill of production. More and more resources are used to supply the demand and this requires more labor to enable this. Normally, advances in technology decreases the labor required but because slaves weren’t seen as full people, they didn’t have work rights like people do today. This is what caused the labor of slaves to increase instead of decrease.

[keirichan12-blog]

Today it was mentioned that the government is only successful if all the citizens are earnest and buy into the system. In today’s society, and specifically in this coming election, I’ve noticed that this requirement is changing. Many people my age don’t care or don’t understand the arguments involved in the race. Thus, many people aren’t buying in and in the future this may lead to big issues.

[keirichan12-blog]

What really stood out to me in class today was how truly badly the history of the government could have gone. If Washington hadn't blended the Federalist and Republican views the way he did, today's government could possibly have never existed. By blending the two viewpoints, Washington ensured that there is a a central government that both gives central and state governments power but still giving the people themselves power in their governments as well.

[keirichan12-blog]

In history, many people get the incorrect perceptions that everything got so much better after the Revolution. But it really didn’t. There were major disagreements, miscommunication, and anger between states, cities and people in general. Shay’s Rebellion is an example of this. And even today, the same principles apply: if a person doesn’t feel like they are being properly treated like valued citizens then that person will fight to be considered as such. 

[keirichan12-blog]

Test IDs

predestination- the belief that God has predetermined those who will be saved and those who will not. Started by French Protestant, John Calvin, and was a major religious view during the colonization of America.

Joint-stock company- a type of business organization where individuals invested in the companies by buying shares. However unlike today’s business organization, the shareholders only get one vote regardless of the number of owned shares.

popular sovereignty- The concept that settlers of each territory would decide for themselves whether to allow slavery. This would later be a major point of contention in U.S. history.

Iroquois League- a confederation of 5 Native American nations centered around the Mohawk Valley. Very active in the fur trade, they first worked with the Dutch and then the English.

mercantilism- an economic theory that stresses a direct relationship with a nation’s power and its wealth. Like many other 17th century nation’s England hoped to increase its wealth and power through aggressive trade expansion in the colonies. This eventually lead to taxation without representation and strife with the British in the colonies.

separation of powers- the theory that a free government should have 3 independent branches, capable of balancing one another. This is still used in today’s government.

fiat money- paper money that was only backed by the promise of the government to accept it in payment of taxes. This cause a drastic decrease in monetary value and left the central government in debt.

Enlightenment- a broad intellectual movement that applied reason to a wide range of human affairs. This lead to the decreased view of religion being the answer to such matters.

headright- method of tempting people to settle in the colonies, it promised 50 acres of land for every person whose passage to America was financed.

nonimportation agreements- boycotts against British goods in order to pressure the British to repeal strict taxation acts imposed onto the colonies

Coercive acts- a series of acts passed by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea party. See image for list of acts involved.

Pontiac- A Native American leader who initailly was against the colonists and their influences, such as alcohol. However, towards the end of his life, his views reversed and was ironically killed by a drunken NAtive American.

Joseph Brant- a highly gifted speaker and military tactician, He was a member of the Iroquois League and sided with the British in the fight against the colonists. After the war, he tried to make peace with the colonists but many of his offers were ignored. 

[keirichan12-blog]

The Great Awakening was a time of knowledge, religion, and identity. It was a major influence on medicine. Science at this time was really starting to grow and be better understood. People were no longer believing that meat spontaneously grew maggots and that cooking and storing foodstuffs prevented illnesses. People in general were getting better at hygiene and taking care of their health and discoveries in this era are key concepts for medicine today.