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References

Wilde, O 2016, 'Chapter 7', The Picture of Dorian Gray, Harrap's, London, pp. 86

Gill, C, 2011, 'Essentialism in Aristotle's Biology', Critical Quarterly, vol. 53, no. 4, pp 12-20

Moore, A 2002, ‘Authenticity as authentication,’ Popular Music, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 209-223

Alberto Farina 2009, Interview to Terry Gilliam on The Imaginarium of Dr. Parnassus, online video, October 29, Alberto Farina, viewed 21 March 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP65QrP4-T0

BullyingNewsVideos 2008, Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov, online video, 13 September, BullyingNewsVideos, viewed 23rd March 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI

Mansfield, N 2000, Subjec:vity: theories of the self from Freud to Harraway, New York University Press, New York, 16-37

Bennet, A & Royle, N 2016, An introduction to literature, criticism and theory, 5th edn, Routeldge, New York, pp. 151

Barker, C 2007, ‘Issues of subjectivity and identity’, in Cultural studies: theory and practice, 3rd edn, Sage Publications, London, pp. 218-223

Packer, G 2016, 'Race, Art & Essentialism', the New Yorker, April 7, viewed 22 March, http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/race-art-and-essentialism

HHE Editors (2016), image, Hip Hop Early, viewed 22 March http://news.hiphopearly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/David-Bowie-look.png

Talyor, A 2013, 'The Hyperrealistic Sculptures of Ron Mueck', the Atlantic, October 9, viewed 23 March 2017 https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2013/10/the-hyperrealistic-sculptures-of-ron-mueck/100606/

Cranny-Francis, A 2008, ‘Touching skin: embodiment and the senses in the work of Ron Mueck’, in N Anderson & K Schlunke (eds) Cultural theory in everyday practice, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, pp. 36-46.

Tagg, C & Seargeant, P 2016, ‘Facebook and the discursive construction of the social network’, in A Georgakopoulou & T Spilio’ (eds), The Routledge handbook of language and digital communication, Routledge, New York, pp. 342-347.

SBS On Demand 2017, Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras 2017, online video, 12 March, SBS On Demand, viewed 23 March 2017 http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/880663107966/sydney-gay-and-lesbian-mardi-gras-2017

Connolly, R 2007, 'What if Elvis Presley had Never Been Born?', the Telegraph, 16 August, viewed 23 March 2017, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3667263/What-if-Elvis-Presley-had-never-been-born.html

My Chemical Romance 2009, Helena [Offical music video], online video, 26 October, My Chemical Romance, 23 March 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCCyoocDxBA

Fink, B 1995, ‘Language and otherness’, in The Lacanian subject, Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp. 3-13.

Hall, S, Held, D, Hubert, D, Thompson, K 1996, Modernity: an introduction to modern societies, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.

O'Connor, D 2013, 'the Magic of Chung Ling Soo', Magic Tricks for Kids, 3 September, viewed 16 March 2017 http://magictricksforkids.org/history-of-magic-chung-ling-soo/

Wehril, U 2015, '12 Pics That Will Satisfy Your Obsessive Compulsive Disorder', Tomorrow Press, viewed 23 March 2017 http://www.viralforest.com/12-pics-that-will-satisfy-your-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/

Howes, D 2005, ‘Skinscapes: embodiment, culture, and environment’, in C Classen (ed.), The book of touch, Berg, New York, pp. 27-39

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Overdetermination in a creative sense means that even things that seem insignificant are a "complexity" of "expression". Our ideas may not be our own but influenced by what is around us and learned behaviours. Mansfield (2000) gives the examples of biting your nails, disgust at the skin on the surface of warm milk, anger and impatience in traffic (Mansfield 2000, p. 29).

A series of photographs by Ursus Wehrli illustrates how a person with obsessive compulsive disorder might arrange things, whether they are aware of this behaviour, or if it was learned from childhood.

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Creative Identity

Creative Identity is how the artist expresses themselves, how they want everyone to see them and presents themselves to their audience and the public. It may be made up of fractured identities or a singular identity. An example of this would be old fashion performers such as magicians. The magician Chung Ling Soo, who was actually William Robinson, an Amerian man who dressed in a Chinese costume. No one knew he was actually not Chinese until his death. What a performance! http://magictricksforkids.org/history-of-magic-chung-ling-soo/

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Creative Influence

Creative Influence can be drawn from our personal experiences, our beliefs, how we have been brought up and who we admire as artists. Multiple musicians such as Buddy Holly, Johnny Cash and John Lennon have all cited Elvis Presley as a creative influence. John Lennon has been famously reported as saying "Before there was Elvis there was nothing."

The song Helena by My Chemical Romance is a tribute to the deceased grandmother of two of the band members, her name was Elena https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCCyoocDxBA

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Social Identity

Social Identity is how one 'expresses' themselves, and the way people 'align' themselves with 'different groups' (Tagg & Seargeant 2016, p. 343). An few examples of this would be how feminists identify and the events they do i.e Slut Walk, International Women's Day. How those of the gay community identify, i.e fighting for marriage-equality, Mardi Gras and the Indigenous community, i.e calling Australia Day Invasion/Survival Day.

A 90 minutes special event broadcast of the Gay & Lesbian Mardi Gras in Sydney (2017) shows the flamboyant and fun culture that is the celebration of the LGBTQ+ community, with celebrity interviews and exploring the meaning behind each float that was displayed http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/880663107966/sydney-gay-and-lesbian-mardi-gras-2017

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Sensory Knowledge is being aware of what you feel through your environment with your senses whether you are conscious about it or not. According to Howes (2005) the same environmental conditions that shape the land also leave there mark on the skin. This is a distinctive feature of the skin for, while we may perceive aspects of the environment with all of our sensory organs, only the skin can manifest the marks of what is has perceived (p. 33).

Artist Ron Mueck encourages interaction with his magnificent life like sculptures. His visitors feel a great urge to touch the scultures

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Fractured Identity in a creative sense is when an artist creates another persona to portray a certain kind of act which can also be used to stay relevant and interesting. Taking on a different name or style of dress is common in this practice. An artist becomes 'fragmented' of 'several' identities that can become confusing for consumer of the artists work as it is not consistent (Hall 1996, p. 598).

The late David Bowie is an excellent an excellent example of fractured identity. His look, sound and art was forever changing and his success was greatly due to him staying relevant

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Essentialism

Essentialism in a creative sense means each individual has a certain set of features in appearance and have certain roles they play in society, an example being race. According to Gill (2011) Aristotle has sometimes been seen as the originator of a kind of biological essentialism .. His thinking about the respective roles of male and female in reproduction has been seen as expressing a kind of sexist bias that lacks an empirical basis and runs counter to his normal methodology in biology (p. 12).

An article from the New Yorker by Packer (2016) goes on to explain how people of colour tend to write about people of colour and that people of colour tend to relate to the art of artists who are of the same race as themselves as opposed to how a white person would see it http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/race-art-and-essentialism

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Unconscious

The unconscious is how one does something without realizing that they are associating it with other things, we associate getting in a vehicle with putting on our seat belt, we associate going to the bathroom with flushing the toilet etc. According to Fink (1995) his example "job" and "snob" are related because they contain a certain number of identical phonemes and letters, the basic building blocks of speech and writing, respectably. Thus they may be associated in the unconscious, even though they are not associated consciously by the individual whose unconscious we are examining (p. 8).

This video of the famous experiment known as Pavlov's Dog shows this unconscious conditioning through ques https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI

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Authenticity

Authenticity creativity is when an artist of any disciplinary identity manages to create something with "integrity" without replicating other artists work (Moore 2002, p. 214). Mansfield (2000) speaks of Rousseau's memoir, instead of emphasizing a particular theme (the author's religious experiences or political career), Rousseau's aim is to give a complete, uninhibited and unapologetic portrait of himself (p. 16)

Director Terry Gilliam (2009) talks about his movie the Imaginarium of Dr Parnasuss in this clip and he tells us that his movie was a completely original idea. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WP65QrP4-T0

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Subjectivity

Subjectivity within a creative sense means ones own understanding of ones self as an "individual" and how they see themselves, it can also mean how others see the individual (Bennet & Royal 2016, p. 151). According to Barker (2007) to hold subjectivity and identity to be contingent and determined does not mean that we are not original (p. 223).

I have chosen a paragraph from Oscar Wilde's novel The Picture of Dorian Gray as it reflects both how Dorian sees himself and how he everyone else sees him morally. "He had uttered a mad wish that he himself might remain young, and the portrait grow old; that his own beauty might be untarnished, and the face on the canvas bear the burden of his passions and his sins; that the painted image might be seared with the lines of suffering and thought, and that he might keep all the delicate bloom and loveliness of his then just conscious boyhood. Surely his wish had not been fulfilled? Such things were impossible. It seemed monstrous even to think of them. And, yet, there was the picture before him, with a touch of cruelty in the mouth." (Wilde 2016, p. 86)