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kirkaccion-blog · 7 years ago

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Assignment 3

1. Automated Irrigation System Using Thermoelectric Generator As Soil Moisture Detector

Jazelle Paula Bathan , Ma. Carla Angelica. Belen , Paula Jianelli Lao , Jasper C. Tiu , Enrique M. Manzano

March 2013

The researcher was able to came up of a design and was able to differentiate the temperature and use it as a thermoelectric generator and power the device. They also came up with understanding that the soil temperature has a relationship with the moisture and water it has.

2. Automated Irrigation System using Weather Prediction for Efficient Usage of Water Resources

A.Susmitha, T.Alakananda, M.L.Apoorva, T.K.Ramesh

ICMAEM-2017

The researcher find out that this was able to made the usage of water more efficient.

3. Soil Moisture Sensor Base Automatic Irrigation System

Kavita Bhole , Dimple Chaudhari

As the researcher stated he hereby say that the more they conduct the experiment the more data they gather and because of this they're able to control the flow of water and reduce its usage.

4. Microcontroller-based Automatic Irrigation System with Moisture Sensors

Abhinav Rajpal, Sumit Jain, Nistha Khare and Anil Kumar Shukla

This study is user friendly and the hardward it they use is low cost it in our country the Philippines farmer can really afford this.

5. Microcontroller based Automatic Irrigations System

Bishnu Deo Kumar, Prachi Srivastava, Reetika Agrawal, Vanya Tiwari

They was able to come up with a sprinkler design that can manage to go 100 feet this can be use in wide area. This design can be able to help farmers in many ways one example of that is their work load will be lessen.

6. Design And Implementation Of Automatic Plant Watering System

Archana P. , Priya R.

In this research they use arduino as a controler for the water it release and they use FIFO or First In First Out this can be use if multiple signal with be transmitted.

7. Automatic Plant Watering System via Soil automatic Plant Watering System via Soil Moisture Sensing by means of Suitable moisture Sensing by means of Suitable Electronics and its Applications for electronics and its Applications for Anthropological and Medical Purposes anthropological and Medical Purposes

Nermin Duzic, Dalibor Dumic

The system was able to presents its 100% capability on watering plants. As the time goes by the was undergoing a 30 days observation as a result they come up in a conclusion that the plant is growth is great.

8. AUTHOMATIC SOIL MOISTURE SENSING WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH WATERLEVEL INDICATOR

Alliezza Jayne B. Balaga, Giselle Angelee G. Cube, Nico L. Duran

In this study they use analog as a indicator of soil 0 if it's wet and 700 if its dry.

9. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR AND RESPONSE MONITORING SYSTEM

Neha Khanna, Gurmohan Singh , D.K. Jain, Manjit Kaur

This device can check the moisture of any crop. It is user friendly and Even middle aged farmers can use this device.

10. Intelligent Automatic Plant Irrigation System

This device can able to send SMS to other people if it gets signal from the arduino.

When making a literature review in Chronological ways. the studies or works are listed based on the earliest year it became available. While in Thematic are based on the theme each paragraph are have a different theme or meaning. Lastly, the methological approach, it focus combining different or wide knowledge and criticize it on how they do it this is the most common kind of literature review.

RRL

Moisture Sensor with Automated Irrigation System Powered by Solar Energy

In this portion will explain or give a overview about the soil moisture and how it will be applied. The researcher will based the studies from the previous study related to the study entitled "Moisture Sensor with Automated Irrigation System Powered by solar". This study is a innovation from previous studies about moisture.

Being able to have a system that can water our crops automatically will help a lot for the farmers because this will cause less human error. Based on the other studies using a automated irrigation system that will release only the exact amount of water can help a lot for the farmers. The automated system was tested for 142 days and save 92% compared with traditional watering system[1]. With this result the researcher is more determined to be able to create a Moisture sensor with automated irrigation because this will benefit a lot to the farmers including people that the researcher know in the real life. Another benefit of automatic irrigation techniques is convenience[2]. Once the system is set up or installed and then verified, A certain person will only need to do weekly observation this is based to the study of Dukes in citation 2. Another beneficial of this study is the Water Productivity / Water Use Efficiency. In irrigation systems the term water use efficiency has been used to measure the effectiveness of delivered water to crops and the amount of wasted water through this delivery process. The term water use efficiency is based on the assumption that a plant with high water use efficiency should have a greater productivity under water-limited conditions than would a plant with low water use efficiency[3]. One of the purpose of this irrigation system is to provide a drought tolerance for the crops. TaharBoutraa and his team made a study on evaluation of effectiveness of an automated irrigation system using wheat crops and concluded that wheat plants that were irrigated automatically had higher photosynthesis rates compared to the manually irrigated ones[6]. and this is actually accurate because in other studies that the researcher read all of them conclude that using an irrigated system is beneficial. Beneficial in terms of its long term advantages.

In this research, the tool that is use to measure volumetric water content of soil is the device called moist sensor. The sensor sends information and transmit to microcontroller. This is common for the people who conducted experiments for agricultural science, environmental science, horticulture, botany, and biology[4]. According to Swamy, in their study entitled “Microcontroller Based Drip Irrigation System”, there are two important parameters to be measured for automation of irrigation system—these are the soil moisture and temperature[5]. The automated irrigation system will be controlled by a microcontroller or a arduino. It can be done by programming a code that will give a signal to a sprinkler as a example. Solar Panel

References

[1] An Effective Method for Crop Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Network - N. Sakthipriya

[2]Dukes, M.D., Simonne, E.H., Davis, W.E., Studstill, D.W and Hochmuth, R (2003). Effect of sensor-based high frequency irrigation on bell pepper yield and water use. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Irrigation and Drainage, May 12-15. Phoenix, AZ. pp. 665-674.

[3]Boutraa, T (2010). Improvement of water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture: A review. Journal of Agronomy, 9, 1-8.

[4] Manikandan .K1 , Rajaram. S2 Automatic Monitoring System for a Precision Agriculture Based On Wireless Sensor Networks, 2016

[5] Swamy, D. K., et al, (2013). Microcontroller Based Drip Irrigation System, Volume 1 (6)

[6] TaharBoutraa, AbdellahAkhkha, AbdulkhaliqAlshuaibi,Ragheid Atta, “Evaluation of the effectiveness of an automated irrigation system using wheat crops.” Agriculture and Biology.

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kirkaccion-blog · 7 years ago

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Assignment 2

Kirk Edja B. Accion

BSCS - 3A

Moisture Sensor with Automated Irrigation System Powered By Solar Energy

C.A

The most common structure of the paper is that in review literature part they are more on methodological review rather than the other two which is theoretical review and chronological review. However, 2 of the paper I read they are theoretical review based.

C.B

Optimum Water Content - based on what I research it is the water content at which a maximum dry weight can be achieved after a give compaction effort.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimum_water_content_for_tillage

Loam Soil - based on what I research it is a mix of sand, clay, and various organic materials. This type of soil is called "Rich Soil".

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam

ADC 0809- it is a device that device eliminates the need for external zero and full-scale adjustments.

Source: http://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/adc0808-n.pdf

Zigbee - is specification is IEEE 802 it is use for a suite of high-level communication protocols and with this you can be able to create a personal network, low-power.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigbee

Model predictive control(MPC) - is an optimal control strategy based on numerical optimization over a finite horizon

Source: J. Maciejowski, Predictive Control with Constraints, Prentice Hall, London, UK, 1st edition, 2000.

Microcontroller ATMEGA328 - The picoPower ATmega328PB is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega328PB achieves throughputs close to 1MIPS per MHz. This empowers system designers to optimize the device for power consumption versus processing speed.

Source:https://www.avnet.com/shop/apac/p/atmega328pbmu3074457345631993838?r= ASIA&&CMP=AVNET-APAC-PPC-GG-EN-AVE14-SKU-918002380- 47626144482- 92017

PIC16F87AA microcontroller - PIC microcontrollers are a family of specialized microcontroller chips produced by Microchip Technology in Chandler, Arizona. The acronym PIC stands for "peripheral interface controller,"

Source: http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/PIC-microcontrollers

C.C

C.C.A.

Wheat plants that were irrigated automatically had higher photosynthesis rates compared to the manually irrigated ones[1]. the evidence of this on is the graphical reports that they have shown in Figure.10-11.

DIM has little or no water losses through conveyance[3]. basically the evidence of this are from a person who on water industry and he was able to gather amount of data to be able to come up with this prediction.

C.C.B.

Sprinkler irrigation (SIM) methods differ in many important parameters such as flow rate, pressure requirement, wetted area and mobility, price [5]. this is because you can't estimate how much amount of water sprinkler will release. In addition, the initial installing of sprinkler will cost vast amount of cash and it would be hard for the farmers especially in the Philippines.

In the modern drip irrigation systems, the most significant advantage is that water is supplied near the root zone of the plants drip by drip due to which a large quantity of water is saved [6].

C.C.C.

The term water use efficiency is based on the assumption that a plant with high water use efficiency should have a greater productivity under water-limited conditions than would a plant with low water use efficiency [6]. In the result and discussion they were able to conclude that it is much better to use drip irrigation rather than sprinkler.

The system has the potential to be useful in water limited geographically isolated area[7]. because this papers was conducted in a isolated area and with this study it improves sustainability.

C.C.D.

This experiment found that the speed of sound decreases with the moisture content following, depending on the kind of soil[8].

Recent advances in microelectronics and wireless technologies created low-cost and low-power components, which are important issues especially for such systems such as WSN [9]. By reducing its cable restriction on the cable they were able to create a low cost and low power components

C.C.E.

World population would face total water shortage by the year 2025[2]. based on the data that he have shown it can make a predict on what will happen in the future year.

In the past decades, factory automation has been developed worldwide into a very attractive research area. Because our technologies nowadays are innovating really fast and with this factory owner was able to adopt it in use in their production.

C.C.F.

Software dedicated to sprinkler control has been variously discussed [10].

These approaches consider detailed implementation issues. Because they haven't include a model for the process dynamics and as a result controller design is simple.

C.C.G.

The relationship between the use of water at the field and at the level of irrigation system is complex [11]. This is because there are some factors involves some of these factor are hydrological, infrastructural, and economic.

Agriculture accounts for 85% of global consumptive water use, and 50% of nearly available renewable freshwater supply is consumed by human activity[12].

C.C.H

There are two important parameters to be measured for automation of irrigation system[13].these are the temperatures and the soil moisture

Automatic irrigation systems are convenient, because these systems can help save money and water conservation[14].

C.C.I

There is only about 27% of the cumulative design service area of the example of irrigation systems was actually irrigated during the dry period on the average[15]. The canal system in the Philippines are considered failure or poor because some farmers cannot get the water from the distributor.

C.C.J

Water resources have become gradually stressed in various agricultural areas in Midwestern states[16]. This is because of the increased demand of biofuel production.

Energy savings, reduced labor cost and control in fertilizer application are among some of the major advantages in adoption of automatic applications of techniques in drip irrigation systems[17]. The system will govern the production and mostly the works that need to be done.

References:

[1] TaharBoutraa, AbdellahAkhkha, AbdulkhaliqAlshuaibi,Ragheid Atta, “Evaluation of the effectivenes of an automated irrigation system using wheat crops.” Agriculture and Biology.

[2] Narayanamoorthy, A. “Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation in India: Benefits, Potentials and Future Directions”, in Upali A. Amarasinghe; Tushaar Shah and R.P.S. Malik (Eds.), India’s Water Future: Scenarios and Issues, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2009, pp. 253-266.

[3] Narayanamoorthy, A. . Economic Viability of Drip Irrigation: An Empirical Analysis from Maharashtra.Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.52, No.4, October-December, pp.728-739.

[4] Prateek Jain, Prakash Kumar, D.K. Palwalia, "Irrigation management system with micro-controller application", Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano-Technology (IEMENTech) 2017 1st International Conference on, pp. 1-6, 2017.

[5] Kulkarni, S. A., Looking Beyond Eight Sprinklers. Paper presented at the National Conference on Micro-Irrigation. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India, June 3-5, 2005.

[6] Boutraa, T (2010). Improvement of water use efficiency in irrigated agriculture: A review. Journal of Agronomy, 9, 1-8.

[7] Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel Ángel Porta- Gándara “Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module ” IEEE 2013 [8] Samy Sadeky, Ayoub Al-Hamadiy, Bernd Michaelisy, Usama Sayedz,“ An Acoustic Method for Soil Moisture Measurement ”, IEEE 2004

[8] Samy Sadeky, Ayoub Al-Hamadiy, Bernd Michaelisy, Usama Sayedz,“ An Acoustic Method for Soil Moisture Measurement ”, IEEE 2004

[9] J. S. Lee, Y. W. Su, and C. C. Shen, “A comparative study of wireless protocols: Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi,” in Proc. IEEE 33rd Annu. Conf. IECON, Nov. 2007, pp. 46–51.

[10] Y. Kim and R. G. Evans, “Software design for wireless sensor-based site-specific irrigation,” Comput. Electron. Agricult., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 159–165, May 2009.

[11]. Bouman, B. A. M., Lampayan, R. M., Tuong, T. P., (2007). Water Management in Irrigated Rice: Coping with Water Scarcity, International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines

[12] Alliezza Jayne B. Balaga Giselle Angelee G. Cube Nico L. Duran. Microcontroller-based Soil Moisture Analyzer with Automated Watering System, Mapúa Institute of Technology September 2015 Philippines

[13] Swamy, D. K., et al, (2013). Microcontroller Based Drip Irrigation System, Volume 1 (6)

[14] Gunturi, V. N. R., (2013). Microcontroller Based Automatic Plant Irrigation System, Volume 2 (4)

[15] David, W. P., et al, (2012). Faulty Design Parameters and Criteria of Farm Water Requirements Result in Poor Performance of Canal Irrigation Systems in Ilocos Norte, Philippines, Volume 95 (2), 199-208.

[16] Irmak, S., (2014). Plant Growth and Yield as Affected by Wet Soil Conditions Due to Flooding or Over-Irrigation, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska—Lincoln Extension

[17] Yildirim, M., et al, (2011). An Automated Drip Irrigation System Based on Soil Electrical Conductivity, Volume 94 (4), 343-349.

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kirkaccion-blog · 7 years ago

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Artificial Intelligence in Mining

Kirk Accion Artificial intelligence and machine learning is revolutionizing the mining industry. Machine Learning is a growing and diverse field of Artificial Intelligence which studies algorithms that are capable of automatically learning from data and making predictions based on data. Machine learning is one of the most exciting technological areas of study today. The modern definition of artificial intelligence (or AI) is “the study and design of intelligent agents” where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximizes its chances of success. Mining is a major worldwide industry producing everything from coal to gold. According to a PWC annual report, the top 40 mining companies have a market capitalization of $748 billion as of April 2017. mining industry indirectly impacts nearly every aspect of the economy since it provides the raw materials needed for almost every sector from electronics; which often contain aluminum, cobalt, nickel, copper gold, platinum, etc… to energy; which use coal for power plans and aluminum for power lines Coiffet(1983) mentions that robotics developed as a result of the desire to create a device that can replace man in everything he cannot do or does not wish to do himself. but still need or wants to do without presenting any threat to his authority. It has been emphasized in many publications and by different AI manufacturers that in the long run AI robotics can do certain mining jobs faster than human operators, they are more consistent and more reliable than humans. and that they can work in hazardous environments. Moreover, they cost less than employing human workers for repetitive jobs - obviously there are task which only human can solve. as pointed out by Strong (1980) Mineral Exploration The first step is finding a place to mine. This mineral exploration step is critical to mining operations. A company could build the most aggressively automated and impressively efficient operation and it would be worthless unless there were good material in the ground to extract. Applying artificial intelligence and machine learning to the task of mineral prospecting and exploration is a very new phenomenon, which is gaining interest in the industry Improve Mine Operations Where AI is most directly in use in the mining industry right now is to improve efficiency. Mines are often giant industrial operations. Many of them are using the same basic advances in robots and smart sensors that we see in factories to improve their performance in mining. Self-Driving Haulers Mines are heavy industry that actually makes them ideal place for the early commercial use of self-driving vehicles. Mine equipment and trucks tend to travel relatively slowly. They also operate in well defined and highly controlled areas. That is why they have already been deployed at mines for years. According to Rio Tinto the trucks are safer and roughly 15 percent cheaper to operate than ones with humans behind the wheel. The trucks can operate 24/7 without the need to stop for shift changes or bathroom breaks. Autonomous Drills, Loaders, and Trains These same mining companies aren’t just using autonomous trucks but are trying to make their entire operations autonomous. Rio Tinto has also been using autonomous loaders, which scope up dirt, and autonomous blast-hole drill system for several years. Their drilling system lets one remote operator control multiple drilling rigs to drill into the ground. AI for Sorting Mines tend to remove a huge volume of material out of the ground even though the minerals they are after make only a small part of the told volume they remove. Separating the material they want from the worthless dirt, rocks, and clay can be a very expensive step in the mining process. Equipment Monitoring Cheap connective sensors have made it possible for companies constantly monitor almost all aspects of their equipment. Analyzing all this data with AI programs could also improves maintenance, reduces downtime, and helps predict problems before they happen. Mining is about producing commodities, so staying competitive in this sector generally means producing faster and cheaper. When you are processing literally tons of material an hour any small improvement in downtime, processing, or labor costs can lead to significant savings.

References:

Bartel, E.W Industrial robotics potential applications to mining, Mining Technology and Policy Issues, American Mining Congress 1983 Mining Convention, September 2-14,1983, San Francisco, Cal.,16pp. Coiffet, P., and M., Chirouze, An Introduction to Robot Technology, Hermes Publishing (France) 1982. Kurilyak S. (2017)Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Mining Strong, D.R., Robotics and Mining, 82nd AGM, Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Toronto, Canada April 20-23,1980. Walker J. (2017) AI in Mining – Mineral Exploration, Autonomous Drills,

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kirkaccion-blog · 8 years ago

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Free Electives

Kirk Accion What Is Correlation and Why Is It Useful?

Correlation is one of the most widely used and widely misunderstood statistical concepts. The term "correlation" refers to a mutual relationship or association between quantities. In almost any business, it is useful to express one quantity in terms of its relationship with others. For example, sales might increase when the marketing department spends more on TV advertisements, or a customer's average purchase amount on an e-commerce website might depend on a number of factors related to that customer. Often, correlation is the first step to understanding these relationships and subsequently building better business and statistical models. This operator determines correlation between all attributes and it can produce a weights vector based on these correlations. Correlation is a statistical technique that can show whether and how strongly pairs of attributes are related.

Correlation can help in predicting one quantity from another

Correlation can indicate the presence of a causal relationship

Correlation is used as a basic quantity and foundation for many other modeling techniques

More formally, correlation is a statistical measure that describes the association between random variables. There are several methods for calculating the correlation coefficient, each measuring different types of strength of association. Here are some types of correlation.

Before we go into the details of how correlation is calculated, it is important to introduce the concept of covariance. Covariance is a statistical measure of association between two variables X and Y. First, each variable is centered by subtracting its mean. These centered scores are multiplied together to measure whether the increase in one variable associates with the increase in another. Finally, expected value (E) of the product of these centered scores is calculated as a summary of association.

Spearman's Correlation

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient can be defined as a special case of Pearson ρ applied to ranked (sorted) variables. Unlike Pearson, Spearman's correlation is not restricted to linear relationships. Instead, it measures monotonic association (only strictly increasing or decreasing, but not mixed) between two variables and relies on the rank order of values. In other words, rather than comparing means and variances, Spearman's coefficient looks at the relative order of values for each variable. This makes it appropriate to use with both continuous and discrete data.

Pearson Correlation Coefficient

Pearson is the most widely used correlation coefficient. Pearson correlation measures the linear association between continuous variables. In other words, this coefficient quantifies the degree to which a relationship between two variables can be described by a line. Remarkably, while correlation can have many interpretations, the same formula developed by Karl Pearson over 120 years ago is still the most widely used today.

Kendall Correlation

Kendall rank correlation is a non-parametric test that measures the strength of dependence between two variables. If we consider two samples, a and b, where each sample size is n, we know that the total number of pairings with a b is n(n-1)/2. The following formula is used to calculate the value of Kendall rank correlation

Correlation is a number between +1 and -1 that helps you to measure the relationship between two variables which are being linear(e.g., Higher the income, Higher the Tax) where correlation is +1 or positive, on the other hand (e.g., every item sold will reduce your inventory) where the correlation is -1 or Negative. If it’s near to zero it means that co-relation doesn’t exists (e.g., Average temperature in summer, Average sales of news magazines) which would reflect linear independence between variables. Also its very important to understand the correlation would not affect by the scale of the variables and how its measured. When the value of the correlation coefficient lies around ± 1, then it is said to be a perfect degree of association between the two variables. As the correlation coefficient value goes towards 0, the relationship between the two variables will be weaker. the direction of the relationship is simply the + (indicating a positive relationship between the variables) or sign of the correlation.

Suppose we have two attributes X and Y, with means X' and Y' respectively and standard deviations S(X) and S(Y) respectively. The correlation is computed as summation from 1 to n of the product (X(i)-X').(Y(i)-Y') and then dividing this summation by the product (n-1).S(X).S(Y) where n is total number of examples and i is the increment variable of summation. There can be other formulas and definitions but let us stick to this one for simplicity.

Here are the Example of Correlation Method:

This daily closing share prices, for ten years (2007 through 2016) for the stocks of two companies: Amazon.com (stock ticker AMZN), Duke Energy (DUK)

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kirkaccion-blog · 8 years ago

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Hello There...

Hi Mr. Roosevelt Sebial, our Professor for CS Free Electives. My name is Kirk Edja B. Accion, I'm 18 years old of age I'm a student at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero Campus. I'm in a 3rd year level and currently studying for a course of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. I love computer games or playing online games. I love learning a different things in life aswell or discovering it. I also love learning music or playing instrument though my voice is not quite good nor my skills on playing instruments. Over the last few years, I have developed my computer skills decently. I know some programming language like C++, PHP, and Java. I don't have a strong English communication skills but i do have a strong computer repairing skills like reformatting the hardrive and putting a new operating system. I am well organized, highly motivated individual.

My Expectations in this Subject, CS Free Electives, are that i will be able to learn everything that my teacher teaches us and also to learn everything that this subject needed and i would be able to use it in the future time. I am also expecting that our Professor, Roosevelt Sebial is kind, understanding and easy to approach in times of needed or if we have some question to ask to him. And really utilize how he will teach us and engage us with his best effort to teach us with this subject without overly strict. I expect that the quizzes, activities, and discussions wouldn't be too hard but not in a way that of spoonfeeding us the students. I expect that before we do our activities, the professor would give us very understandable instructions and to have fun with the subject and hope that we won't lose to some discussion. I hope I will meet you soon Sir and I'm looking forward.

As for the subject track, I want to learn on Business intelligence. Because today the trend is innovating and we aswell as a student we need to innovate because it's much better if you're a Computer Science language plus you know as well some things in Business or you know how to analyze data to help the company that you are in with. Plus, the modernization in our society lots of companies are in need of people that have knowledge in computer technology and business aswell so it's more like two in one. Plus Business intelligence help us because it will tells us new methodologies, application and new tools that will help us the students to organize to collect data from eternal and external sources. And use it to as a background for preparing analysis, develop, and implement. And it will help us aswell in accelerating and improving our decision making skills, optimizing internal business processes, increasing operational efficiency and many more. It will helps us aswell if we will learn about business intelligence to identify the market trends and spot the common problems a company encounter and address business problems in the future.

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