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kotoole21ahsgov · 3 years

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Legislative and Executive Action

1.H.R. 3401: Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019This bill was enacted after being signed by the President on July 1, 2019.

2.This bill was created in the house, the senate amended it which the house then approved the changes, and finally the President signed it.

3. This bill is acts by allowing federal departments and agencies to receive “supplemental appropriations” to aid border security and the humanitarian crisis on the southern border. This bill benifits the aims of my civic action project as it seeks to help remedy the humanitarian crisis.

4.This bill was sponsored by D Lowey, Nita [D-NY17], this can help determine whether the bill will pass as it is constructed very liberally and has a democrat sponsor, meaning the left will likely be highly represented in voting.

5.The bill was assigned to House Appropriations committee and House Budget committee.

6. Yay, as it can truly benefit the fight against the humanitarian crisis on the southern border by broadening the budget for basic human needs.

7. The Department of Homeland Security manages my civic action issue, immigration.

8. The Department of Homeland Secruity’s mission statement, “The Department of Homeland Security has a vital mission: to secure the nation from the many threats we face. This requires the dedication of more than 240,000 employees in jobs that range from aviation and border security to emergency response, from cybersecurity analyst to chemical facility inspector. Our duties are wide-ranging, and our goal is clear - keeping America safe.” Border security refers to immigration - illegal immigration.

9. The head of the DHS, Department of Homeland Security, is Chad Wolf, “As the senior official for PLCY, Mr. Wolf leads the Department’s policymaking process to develop and coordinate strategies and policies that advance the homeland security mission and protect the American public...With over 20 years of policy development and management experience in both the public and private sectors, ... During the Trump Administration, he served as the Chief of Staff for the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), Deputy Chief of Staff and Chief of Staff for the Department. For his leadership and management of complex national issues, Mr. Wolf received the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Distinguished Service Medal. Shortly after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, Mr. Wolf served as the Assistant Administrator of Transportation Security Policy in which he played a leading role in establishing the Transportation Security Administration.Beyond his service in the executive branch, Mr. Wolf served as Vice President and Senior Director at Wexler & Walker, a bipartisan public policy consultancy, and held staff positions in the U.S. Senate.Mr. Wolf earned his Bachelor of Arts in History from Southern Methodist University, and holds a Master’s Certificate in Government Contract Management from Villanova University.” Mr.Chad Wolf is well qualified to lead the DHS, although has a conservative right leading opinion and has worked with President Trump to worsen the immigration crisis

10. Securing U.S. Borders and Approaches, this service counteracts the goals of my civic action project.

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kotoole21ahsgov · 3 years

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California Proposition Assessment

1. “English Proficiency. Multilingual Education. Initiative Statute” or proposition 58 from 2016

2. Prop 58 aimed to “[preserve the] requirement that public schools ensure students become proficient in English”. Because prop 58 passed, students with limited English proficiency have the ability to learn English through their school district which is beneficial for their future and all in the community.

3. There is no notable fiscal effect on school districts nor state government.

4. The election results of Prop 58, of 2016, did surprise me as 73.52% of persons voted yes on prop 58

Proposition 58 Sponsors:

-Sen. Ricardo Lara (D-33)

-Sen. Loni Hancock (D-9)

-Sen. Bill Monning (D-17)

-Sen. Martin Block (D-39)

-Asm. Nancy Skinner (D-15)

-Asm. Lorena Gonzalez (D-80)

-Gov. Jerry Brown (D)[6]

-Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom (D)

-State Superintendent Tom Torlakson

-Secretary of State Alex Padilla (D)

-State Controller Betty Yee (D)

-Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones (D)

-U.S. Rep. Judy Chu (D-27)

U.S. Rep. Ted Lieu (D-39)

U.S. Rep. Alan Lowenthal (D-47)

U.S. Rep. Adam Schiff (D-28)

Sen. Kevin de Leon (D-24)

Sen. Ben Allen (D-26)

Sen. Jim Beall (D-15)

Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson (D-19)

Sen. Isadore Hall (D-35)

Sen. Ed Hernandez (D-22)

Sen. Jerry Hill (D-13)

Sen. Mark Leno (D-11)

Sen. Connie Leyva (D-20)

Sen. Carol Liu (D-25)

Sen. Mike McGuire (D-2)

Sen. Tony Mendoza (D-32)

Sen. Holly Mitchell (D-30)

Sen. Richard Pan (D-6)

Sen. Fran Pavley (D-27)

Sen. Richard Roth (D-31)

Sen. Bob Wieckowski (D-10)

Sen. Lois Wolk (D-3)

Asm. Anthony Rendon (D-63)

Asm. Luis Alejo (D-30)

Asm. Rob Bonta (D-18)

Asm. Ian Calderon (D-57)

Asm. Nora Campos (D-27)

Asm. David Chiu (D-17)

Asm. Kansen Chu (D-25)

Asm. Cristina Garcia (D-58)

Asm. Eduardo Garcia (D-56)

Asm. Jimmy Gomez (D-51)

Asm. Reginald Jones-Sawyer (D-59)

Asm. Kevin McCarty (D-7)

Asm. Miguel Santiago (D-53)

Asm. Susan Talamantes Eggman (D-13)

Asm. Tony Thurmond (D-15)

Asm. Das Williams (D-37)

Mayor Ed Lee, San Francisco

Mayor Bao Nguyen, Garden Grove

Mayor Robert Garcia, Long Beach

[Parties]

-California Democratic Party[7]

-Green Party of California[8]

-California Peace and Freedom Party[9]

-Harvey Milk LGBT Democratic Club[10]

-Santa Monica Democratic Club[11]

Interest group endorsements:

N/A

-Financial Backers:

-California Teachers Association PAC~$1,722,048.00

-SEIU Local 2015 Issues PAC~$104,833.18

-California Federation of Teachers COPE Prop/ Ballot Committee~$100,000.00

-Association of California School Administrators Issues PAC~$100,000.00

-SEIU California State Council~$100,000.00

I was unfortunately unable to find/locate the endorsements although the financial backets are quite understandable as they consist of teachers' organizations/committees or are mostly education related. By understanding the financial backers it is clear what this props aimed demographic is.

Arguments for Prop 58

“PROPOSITION 58 ENSURES ALL STUDENTS CAN ACHIEVE ENGLISH PROFICIENCY AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.”

“Too many California students are being left behind and not given the opportunity to learn English with the most effective teaching methods possible. This is because of an outdated nearly 20-year-old law, Proposition 227, which restricts the instructional methods school districts can use to teach English.Proposition 58 revises Proposition 227 to remove these restrictions so schools are able to use the most up-to-date teaching methods possible to help our students learn.”

Requires local school districts to identify in their annual K-12 Local Control and Accountability Plans the instructional methods they will offer to help ensure all students become proficient in English as rapidly as possible.

Requires schools to offer a structured English immersion program to English learners. But schools also can adopt other language instruction methods based on research and stakeholder input.

School districts must seek input from educators, parents and the community.

“PROPOSITION 58 ALSO EXPANDS OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENGLISH SPEAKERS TO LEARN A SECOND LANGUAGE.”

Proposition 58 removes barriers hurting students by discouraging schools from expanding multilingual education. Proposition 58 encourages school districts to provide instruction programs so native English speakers can become proficient in a second language:

School districts must include in their annual K-12 Local Control and Accountability Plans programs giving English-speaking students the opportunity to achieve proficiency in a second language.

District choices of non-English languages must reflect input from parents, the community and the linguistic and financial resources of schools.

Research shows that students participating in programs taught in more than one language attain higher levels of academic achievement.

PROPOSITION 58 RESTORES LOCAL CONTROL TO OUR SCHOOLS.

Proposition 58 allows local school districts to choose the most up-to-date language instruction methods to improve student outcomes free from legal restrictions imposed on them by a decades-old law.

PROPOSITION 58 PROVIDES A BETTER FUTURE FOR OUR CHILDREN AND OUR STATE.

The world economy is changing rapidly. Today, technology allows even the smallest businesses to have a global reach. Students proficient in English and a second language will be more employable, start out earning higher wages, and make California's workforce better prepared to compete for jobs in the global economy.

PROPOSITION 58 HAS BROAD-BASED SUPPORT FROM LOCAL SCHOOL DISTRICTS, EDUCATORS, PARENTS AND EMPLOYERS.

Giving local schools the tools they need to improve outcomes for students is not a partisan or political issue. Proposition 58 was placed on the ballot by a bipartisan vote of the legislature. Support for Proposition 58's common sense reforms to improve language instruction in our schools is broad-based and includes: Local school boards (the California School Boards Association), Teachers (the California Language Teachers' Association, the California Teachers Association, the California Federation of Teachers), Parents (California State PTA), and Employers (including the San Jose I Silicon Valley and Los Angeles Chambers of Commerce).

Proposition 58's reforms allow schools to adopt the most up-to-date methods of language instruction to improve student outcomes and make better use of taxpayer dollars

Arguments against Prop 58

“THIS BALLOT MEASURE IS A DISHONEST TRICK BY THE SACRAMENTO POLITICIANS”

The official title of Proposition 58 is "English Language Education," But it actually REPEALS the requirement the children be taught English in California public schools. It's all a trick by the Sacramento politicians to fool the voters, who overwhelmingly passed Proposition 227, the "English for the Children" initiative in 1998.

The worst part of Proposition 58 is hidden away in Section 8, which REPEALS all restrictions on the California Legislature to make future changes. This would allow the Legislature to reestablish SPANISH-ALMOST-ONLY instruction in the public schools by a simple majority vote, once again forcing Latino children into those classes against their parents' wishes.

Teaching English in our public schools is overwhelmingly supported by California parents, whether immigrants or non-immigrants, Latinos or Anglos, Asians or Blacks. That's why the politicians are trying to TRICK the voters by using a DECEPTIVE TITLE.

“VOTE NO AND KEEP "ENGLISH FOR THE CHILDREN"---IT WORKS!”

For decades, millions of Latino children were FORCED INTO SPANISH-ALMOST-ONLY CLASSES dishonestly called "bilingual education." It was an educational disaster and never worked. Many Latinos never learned how to read, write, or even speak English properly.

But in 1998, California voters overwhelmingly passed Prop. 227—the "English for the Children" initiative---providing sheltered English immersion to immigrant students and requiring that they be taught English as soon as they started school.

Jaime Escalante of Stand and Deliver fame, one of America's most successful teachers led the Prop. 227 campaign as Honorary Chairman, rescuing California Latinos from the Spanish-only educational ghetto.

It worked! Within four years the test scores of over a million immigrant students in California increased by 30%, 50%, or even 100%.

All the major newspapers, even the national New York Times, declared the new English immersion system a huge educational success.

The founding president of the California Association of Bilingual Educators announced that he'd been wrong about bilingual education for thirty years and became a leading national advocate for English immersion.

Since "English for the Children" passed, there has been a huge increase in the number of Latinos scoring high enough to gain admission to the prestigious University of California system.

Prop. 227 worked so well in California schools that the whole issue was forgotten by almost everyone except the bilingual education activists. Now they're trying to trick the voters into allowing the RESTORATION OF MANDATORY SPANISH-ALMOST-ONLY CLASSES.

7. I would’ve voted YES on prop 58 as I believe a foundational understanding of English is important and necessary young Americans.

8. I found it interesting that the Libertarian Party of California were opponents of Prop 58.

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kotoole21ahsgov · 3 years

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Immigration Reform Law Institute

The Immigration Reform Law Institute was founded 1986, the Immigration Reform Law Institute (IRLI) is a nonprofit legal organization dedicated to achieving responsible immigration policies that serve our national interest.

-”[The] IRLI uses public records laws to hold politicians accountable to the rule of law. IRLI further uses public records laws to educate the American public regarding the harmful impact of uncontrolled immigration on national security, jobs, education, health care, and our environment.”

-”[The] IRLI’s programs go far beyond litigation. Providing expert immigration-related legal advice, training, and resources to public officials, the legal community, and the general public, is perhaps one of IRLI’s most important contributions to the true immigration reform movement. Through law review articles, legal issue briefs, books, and speaking engagements, IRLI’s attorneys contribute to the development of a doctrinal framework upon which the legal community and the judiciary may rely when interpreting and formulating immigration laws. “

-”[IRLI]’s legal team further routinely participates in academic symposia and testify before legislative bodies as experts on immigration reform, and its spokespersons are interviewed regularly by national and local television, radio and print media outlets. IRLI also frequently contributes op-eds appearing in national publications such as Law360, The Hill, Fox News, National Review, The Daily Caller, Breitbart, Conservative Review, breaking down complicated immigration concepts and key issues for all to understand.”

- “Since the 1980s, IRLI’s legal team has drafted and defended strategically important legislation and policy at the request of federal, state, and local legislators and government officials to help solve the nation’s immigration crisis. This gives concerned public officials who want to respond to important constituent concerns and resident complaints without intruding on civil rights a place to turn for advice. Our legislative and policy proposals often have served as a framework for the national policy debate on immigration. IRLI’s attorneys have also frequently been called to testify as expert witnesses on federal, state and local immigration-related legislation.”

- The IRLI currently pushed for Virginia to become a Sanctuary State

-N/A where the IRLI is based

-There are no volunteer jobs for the IRLI, though they do accept donations on their website.

-Two members of the board of directors were former Immigration Court Judges

SUPER PAC NAME: Immigrant Power PAC

The Immigrant Power PAC, liberal based, plans to bring all rights to Immigrants.

In total the Immigrant Power PAC has raised $91,877, they have spent $0 against Republicans. This does not surprise me as their is a human rights disaster occurring on the border and the money can be spent in better ways.

Donors: These donors reflect the cause as they both regard human resources/human rights

CALIFORNIANS FOR HUMAN IMMIGRANT RIGHTS LOS ANGELES, CA 90057

BERNSTEIN, CELIA PACIFIC PALISADES, CA 90272WESTSIDE FAMILY HEALTH CENTER

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kotoole21ahsgov · 4 years

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Election 2020 Presidential Canidate Assessment

Howie Hawkins/Angela Nicole Walker, Green Party, views on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform-

To focus on ceasing and reforming the, “Inhumanity of the US immigration policy...[Howie Hawkins and Angela Walker’s reform plan] International borders should be authentic fair-trade zones where people are free to travel across borders for work, shopping, or recreation. The status of undocumented immigrants should be legalized and provide a timely path to citizenship. People crossing international borders would be required to present their identification at a border crossing. Only people wanted for criminal charges or terrorist organization affiliation would be detained. People who cross without checking in at a border crossing would also be detained and checked at an official border crossing. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (BPE) should be abolished and replaced with a new immigration agency with personnel committed to the open borders policy”.Overall the Green Party candidates, Howie Hawkins and Angela Walker, do not agree with the current status of our immigration system as a whole and call for a large reform.

I agree with their position as it allows for circular flow, making it easier for immigrants to enter the country for work, shopping, or recreation, then leaving to go back home.Finally, the research just done matches up with my previous statements regarding the Green Party’s policies on Immigration Reform.

Donald J. Trump/Michael R. Pence, Republican Party, views on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform-

The Trump Administration had made the construction off the border wall a clear focus, though has also abolished the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program and declared a state of national emergency allowing him to access specialized powers to enforce security on the border. “President Trump has enforced immigration laws to protect American communities and American jobs.” Overall the Republican Party candidates, Donald Trump and Mike Pence, are pushing for the extension and militarization of the border wall as well as tighter immigration laws.

I do not agree with their position as it completely undermines the concept of circular flow, as it gets harder and harder for immigrants to migrate back-and-forth people crossing the border will end up settling in the U.S illegally which also occurred after the Regan, Bush, and Clinton administrations drastically increased border enforcement due to public opinion. Finally, the research just done matches up with my pervious statements regarding the Republican Party’s views on the Border Wall and Immigration reform.

Gloria La Riva/Sunil Freeman, Peace and Freedom Party, views on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform-

Very similar to the Green Party’s views on immigration reform and the same regarding the demolition of the Border Wall, their goals aim to, “Abolish all anti-immigrant laws. Stop the raids and deportations and demonization of immigrants. Shut down ICE and the concentration camps and reunite families. The government’s war on immigrants must end. The border wall must be dismantled. [Give] Amnesty and citizenship for those without documents.”Overall, Gloria La Riva and Sunil Freeman aim to give rights to any person within the US , abolish the Border Wall, and reform the ICE to end the humanitarian crisis.

I agree with their position as it allows for circular flow, though their is not enough explanation how their administration plans to document immigrants through official border crossings. Finally, the research just done matches up with my previous statements regarding the Peace and Freedom Party’s views on the demolition of the Border wall and the need for reform to cease the humanitarian crisis.

Roque De La Fuente "Rocky" Guerra/Kanye Omari West, American Independent Party, views on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform-

Reform of our current ineffective and old immigration system, “then create a more intelligent, effective, and efficient way of welcoming immigrants to our borders by providing them with a clear path to attaining citizenship.” Overall, the administration aims to project the message of viewing immigrants as assets.

I agree with their position in regards to viewing immigrants as assets within out Country rather than vilifying them, though the platform did not give enough information as to how they plan to reform. Finally, I did not include this party within y political party assessments.

Jo Jorgensen/Jeremy "Spike" Cohen, Libertarian Party, views on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform-

Aims for the expansion of free trade through reform further allowing for circular flow and abolishing trade tariffs. ”Immigrants are a positive for the United States. The data is clear: Immigrants commit less crime and consume less in government benefits than native-born Americans, and this generation of immigrants has assimilated at a quicker rate than any prior group. Rather than taking jobs which supposedly belong to natives, they actually create more job opportunities for those in the United States. Even some of the lowest estimates figure that the world would be $78 trillion richer with open and free immigration across all borders, a doubling of global income.”

I agree with their view in regards to abolishing tariffs in hopes to relax foreign trade barriers as well as immigration reform for the increase of circular flow in and out of the US. Finally, the research just done matches up with my previous statements regarding the Libertarian Party’s views on Immigration Reform

Joseph R. Biden/Kamala D. Harris, Democratic Party, views on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform-

Largely focuses on solving the humanitarian crisis caused by the abolishment of the DACA act and argues that the border wall won't stop undocumented immigrants from entering as they often overstay their visas, ”Addressing the Trump-created humanitarian crisis at our border, bringing our nation together, reasserting our core values, and reforming our immigration system will require real leadership and real solutions. Biden is prepared on day one to deliver both.”. Overall, the administration plans to tackle the humanitarian crisis and reform the immigration system.

I agree with their views in regards to the need to solve the humanitarian crisis as well as their views on immigration reform, though the administration did not offer blatant plans of how they are going to fix our broken system. Finally, the research just done matches up with my previous statements regarding the Democratic Party’s views on the Border Wall and Immigration Reform.

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kotoole21ahsgov · 4 years

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Political Party Action

Republican view on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform: The republicans belive in securing the border and all points of entry with force. The border wall must cover the entire southern half of the country protecting all ports of entry against vehicular and pedestrian traffic. The DHS will monitor illegal alien traffic within our country to deport them. I disagree with the Republican view on immigration reform and view it as xenophobic and uneducated regarding reality.

Democratic view on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform: For reform, the democrats wish to expand the asylum system and humanitarian protections, disregard the border wall construction, and reinstate/expand streamline protections for Dreamers. Again, I agree with the democratic parties stances on immigration reform, though the border wall was barley mentioned.

The Libertarian view on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform: The LNC resolution supports immigration and opposes the border wall. In beliefs that economic freedom demands the unrestricted movement of human as well as financial capital across national borders. I do agree with the LNC’s views regarding the border wall as sociologists have warned the abolishment of circular flow comes with the border wall.

The Green Party view on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform: The Green party has called for the immediate dismantling of the border wall as it is a humans rights disaster and wrecks both ecosystems. After writing several papers regarding the border wall, I believe no further construction should be undergone for environmental purposes. Second, instead of dismantling the wall, they should work to reform immigration policies.

The Peace and Freedom Party view on the Border Wall/ Immigration Reform: Firmly against republican views regarding immigration reform, children separated from their families, and the militarization of the border wall as well from the Democratic party. I do agree, though could not see myself voting for the Peace and Freedom Party as they just placed blame instead of offering new ideas/concepts.

Reflection: I agree with the libertarian view most and am not surprised as personally I view myself as a left leaning libertarian. I would vote for the libertarian candidate if this election wasn’t so ‘black and white’.

NO MENTION OF BORDER WALL/ IMMIGRATION REFORM DURING DEBATE

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kotoole21ahsgov · 4 years

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Media Assessment of Issues

My three articles relating to my civic action issues, immigration (Trumps border wall/reform), are from MSNBC, Fox News, and The Hill

Article 1- Right leaning Fox News “ Part of Trump’s border wall will collapse soon, court-ordered report to say” -https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trumps-border-wall-collapse-report

Subject: “ A new engineering report set to be filed in court this week is expected to say that parts of President Trump’s border wall are already in danger of collapsing” The source makes a statement that the border wall along the Rio Grande is in danger of collapsing due to extreme erosion.

Author: Andrew O'Reilly, a reporter for Fox News based in Los Angeles

Context: This source was published from Los Angeles on September 3, 2020. Los Angeles, especially California, has a very liberal mindset. Some, may get joy out of Trump’s downfall regarding the border wall issue.

Audience:” The median age of a prime-time viewer was 68 as of 2015. A study done by the Pew Research Center found that around 60% of Fox News viewers identify as conservative. According to a 2013 Gallup poll, 94% of Fox viewers "Either identify as or lean Republican". “FNC marked its 15th year as the highest-rated cable news channel in the same demographic, posting 2.8 million average total viewers in January 2017. MSNBC beat CNN in total primetime viewers, ranking sixth among all cable networks in January.”

Perspective: Though not blatant, the article is obviously left based as many of the facts recorded are putting republicans in a bad light, “But Bannon – along with We Build The Wall organizers Brian Kolfage, Andrew Badolato and Timothy Shea – are accused of defrauding donors of hundreds of thousands of dollars and using the money to fund lavish lifestyles.” I do agree though, as many of the facts have been checked by others and are likely true”

Significance: The article states, “Prosecutors claim that Kolfage, Bannon, Badolato and Shea took money for themselves, with Bannon alone receiving more than $1 million through a nonprofit that he then used for personal expenses and to pay Kolfage.” According to the article, the prosecutor's claim.

Article 2- Leftist MSNBC “defying reality, Trump Insists Mexico ‘is paying for the wall’” -https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/defying-reality-trump-insists-mexico-paying-wall-n1239615

Subject: “At a campaign event in Pennsylvania last week, Donald Trump told his followers, ‘Mexico will be paying for the wall, and I say it respectfully to Mexico, but they will be paying for the wall...’Last night in North Carolina, the president changed the tense: the Republican doesn't just believe Mexico ‘will be paying’ for a giant border barrier; Trump suggested our neighboring country is already paying for it.” The Article is trying to bring awareness to the President’s statement. The central message is generally disproving Trump’s statement.

Author: Steve Benen, “Steve Benen is an American political writer and blogger, an MSNBC contributor, and an Emmy award-winning producer for The Rachel Maddow Show. His first book, The Impostors: How Republicans Quit Governing and Seized American Politics, was published by William Morrow and Company in June 2020″

Context: This article was produced on September 9, 2020 at 6:20 am PDT, no known affect on source

Audience: “FNC marked its 15th year as the highest-rated cable news channel in the same demographic, posting 2.8 million average total viewers in January 2017. MSNBC beat CNN in total primetime viewers, ranking sixth among all cable networks in January.”

Perspective: This source is subjective to liberals and left thinkers, the article regards Trump’s plan as “ defying reality”

Significance: This article draws back/regards a document released by Trump and his campaign team back in 2016 , https://assets.donaldjtrump.com/Pay_for_the_Wall.pdf.

Article 3- Objective The Hill “How would a Biden administration use Trump’s unspent wall money”-https://thehill.com/opinion/white-house/515610-how-would-a-biden-administration-use-trumps-unspent-wall-money

Subject: As stated in the title, the article surrounds possible options the Biden Administration, if in power, would explore with the excess of money.

Author: Timothy Perry, opinion contributer.Timothy Perry is a law professor who frequently writes on matters of homeland security. He previously served as an assistant U.S. attorney along the southwest border in San Diego, during the Bush and Obama administrations. The views expressed by opinion contributors are in their own and not the view of the Hill

Context: 09/09/20 10:30 AM EDT, though it is unknown the location it was published. Therefor, again, it is not known if the setting has an affect on the article.

Audience: Unable to find demographics, though it is an opinion piece likely aimed at those concerned with immigration reform.

Perspective: These is no subjective view as the author is exploring and hypothesising possible outcomes to reform. The new elections are coming up and the author is looking at differing perspectives.

Significance: A memo from Mark Esper was referred to ,https://media.defense.gov/2019/Sep/04/2002178837/-1/-1/1/MIL-CONSTRUCTION-NECESSARY-TO-SUPPORT-THE-USE-OF-ARMED-FORCES-IN-ADDRESSING-THE-NATIONAL-EMERGENCYOSD009322-19-FOD-FINAL.PDF, as well as several documents from the DHS, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45888...https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45888...https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/IN11274.pdf...https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45888

All articles regard immigration reform, my favorite was Article 3 the objective from the hill as it let the reader decide and keep skeptic.

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