krsnapaksa

[krsnapaksa]

Further Readings

Goyal, P. (2022). “Bulli Bai campaign exposes the rift between Trads and Raaytas in RW ecosystem.” News Laundry.

Description: An article explaining the divisions in the Hindu extremist right wing, specifically between the Trads and the Raaytas, as well as the increasing toxicity and propensity for violence in the right-wing ecosystem in India.

Richardson-Self, L. (2020). “Woman‐Hating: On Misogyny, Sexism, and Hate Speech.” In Hypatia by the Cambridge University Press.

Description: An academic article exploring the distinction between misogyny and sexism in the context of hate speech, arguing that misogynistic speech qualifies as hate speech, which is crucial for understanding patriarchy-enforcing expressions.

Ibrahim, I. (2022). “Women's bodies as battlefields and the 'Bulli Bai' controversy.” India Today.

Description: An article examining the ‘Bulli Bai’ app controversy as a manifestation of patriarchy, where women's bodies are used as battlefields, specifically in how the fear of being exploited actively shapes the choices women make.

Sen, R., & Jha, S. (2024). “Women under Hindutva: Misogynist memes, mock-auction and doxing, deepfake-pornification and rape threats in digital space.” Journal of Asian and African Studies.

Description: An academic article examining the various forms of online abuse and harassment faced by women under the Hindutva ideology in India, including misogynist memes, mock auctions, doxing, deepfake pornography, and rape threats. It specifically examines the nexus between the Bulli Bai issue and Hindutva ideology.

Ramani, P. (2022). “Why the Hindu extremists behind #BulliBai feel threatened by these Indian Muslim women.” Article 14.

Description: An article examining the victims of the Bulli Bai incident, as well as laying out the timeline of the incident and enforcement action taken.

Jaswal, S. (2022). “Bulli Bai: India’s Muslim women again listed on app for ‘auction.’” Al Jazeera.

Description: An article that recounts the Bulli Bai incident, including victim accounts, enforcement actions, and public responses.  

Dasgupta, S. (2022). “What is Bulli Bai scandal—Indian app that listed Muslim women for auction.” The Independent.

Description: An article explaining the Bulli Bai scandal, and the preceding Sulli Deals case, as well as responses and updates on arrests made.  

Alimahomed-Wilson, S. (2020). “The Matrix of Gendered Islamophobia.” Gender and Society, 34(4), 648–678.

Description: An article that explains the dimensions of intersectional Islamaphobia faced by women in the US and the UK, and how such Islamophobia is not universalised in affecting all Muslims the same way. Based on a study of qualitative interviews, which reveals a dialectical relation between women’s oppression and gendered Islamophobia.

Naaz, H. (2023). “The anti-feminist narrative of the Hindu right in India.” In J. Goetz & S. Mayer (Eds.), Global Perspectives on Anti-Feminism (pp. 160–181). Edinburgh University Press.

Description: A book chapter that delves into the relation between anti-feminist narratives and Hindu religious fundamentalism by focusing on the Pinjra Tod movement.

Udupa, S., & Lahiri Gerold, O. (2024). “‘Deal’ of the Day: Sex, Porn, and Political Hate on Social Media.” In J. B. Walther & R. E. Rice (Eds.), Social Processes of Online Hate (pp. 120–143). London: Routledge.

Description: A book chapter which analyses the nexus between the building of misogynist political projects and the oppression of women through the lens of social media.

Walther, J. B. (2024). “Making A Case For A Social Processes Approach To Online Hate.” In J. B. Walther & R. E. Rice (Eds.), Social Processes of Online Hate (pp. 10–36). London: Routledge.

Description: An introductory chapter that presents a social processes approach to understanding online hate, emphasizing that online applications and social media platforms are complicit in said social processes of online hate.

Provisions of the Indian Penal Code, 1860:

Section 153A: Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, etc.

Section 153B: Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration

Section 295A: Deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings

Section 509: Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman

Sections 499 and 500: Defamation

Information Technology Act, 2000, Section 67: Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form

The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021; Rule 1(b)(ii).