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Learning Activity 3.5, Bibliography/Sources for Tasks 1, 2, and 4

Task 1;

Works Cited:

A History of Fort Frontenac. Canadian Armed Forces. http://www.forces.gc.ca/assets/FORCES_Internet/docs/en/training-establishments/ff-history-cacsc-eng.pdf

Dirks, G. E. (2020). Immigration Policy in Canada. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/immigration-policy

Loyalist Landing at Cataracoui 1784 [Photograph]. https://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Frontenac17.html

McKendry, J. (2023, April 16). Chronology of the History of Kingston. Retrieved May 16, 2023, from https://web.archive.org/web/20120426085741/http:/kingstonhistoricalsociety.ca/chronology.html

Moogk, P. N. (2015, June 5). Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac. The Canadian Enclyopaedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/louis-de-buade-comte-de-frontenac

Indigenous People. The City of Kingston. https://www.cityofkingston.ca/explore/culture-history/history/indigenous-people

Osborne, B. S. (2020). Kingston. The Canadian Encylopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/kingston

Statistic Canada (n.d.). Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data. Retrieved May 15, 2023, from https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=302&SR=1&S=86&O=A&RPP=9999&PR=35

Thanksgiving. History. https://www.history.com/topics/thanksgiving/history-of-thanksgiving

Task 2;

Cross, M. S. (2015). Social History. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/social-history

Cultural life. Britaninca. https://www.britannica.com/place/Canada/Cultural-life

Famous European Sports. Europeana. https://www.europeana.eu/en/exhibitions/european-sport-heritage/famous-european-sports

Toole, T. C. (2021). Here's the history of basketball—From peach baskets in Springfield to global phenomenon. The National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/basketball-only-major-sport-invented-united-states-how-it-was-created#:~:text=James%20Naismith%2C%20a%20Canadian%20American%20physical%20educator%20and,sport%20spread%20instantly%20to%20other%20colleges%20and%20YMCAs.

Jedwab, J. (2020). Multiculturalism. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/multiculturalism

Loeb, W. (2022). Who Are The World’s Top Fashion Designer’s And What Are Their Top Products. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2022/10/27/who-are-the-worlds-top-fashion-designers-and-what-are-their-top-products/?sh=1871e6bf256f

Martel, J. P. (2022). Origins of Ice Hockey. The Canadian Enclyopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/origins-of-ice-hockey

Thanksgiving. History. https://www.history.com/topics/thanksgiving/history-of-thanksgiving

Theatre. The Canadian Museum of History. https://www.historymuseum.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/greece/gr1180e.html

(2023). Hudson’s Bay Company (Plain-Language Summary). The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hudson-s-bay-company-plain-language-summary

Task 4:

(2021). Restorative Justice. Department of Justice Canada, Government of Canada. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/rj-jr/index.html

Hollands, F. M., Leach, S. M., Shand, R., Wang, Y., Dossett, D., Chang, F., Yang, B., Martin, M., Pan, Y., & Hensel, S. (2022). Restorative Practices: Using local evidence on costs and student outcomes to inform school district decisions about behavioral interventions. National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35618369/

Lodi, E., Perrella, L., Lepri, G. L., Scarpa, M. L., & Patrizi, P. (2021). Use of Restorative Justice and Restorative Practices at School: A Systematic Literature Review. National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35010355/

Weaver, J. L., & Swank, J. M. (2020). A Case Study of the Implementation of Restorative Justice in a Middle School. Research in Middle Education. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19404476.2020.1733912

Payne, A. A., & Welch, K. (2017). The Effect of School Conditions on the Use of Restorative Justice in Schools. Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1541204016681414

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leolossingassignment3task1 · 2 years ago

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Learning Activity 3.5, Task 4: What do I believe in?

Restorative Justice in Educational Contexts Page. 1

Restorative Justice in Educational Contexts: An Appealing Alternative to Traditional Punitive Methods

Leo Lossing

TVO ILC

2023-10-23

Restorative Justice in Educational Contexts Page. 2

Restorative Justice in Educational Contexts: An Appealing Alternative to Traditional Punitive Methods

Within the intricate tapestry of social dynamics, the concept of justice serves as a crucial thread, weaving together the complex patterns of order, accountability, and reconciliation. Historically, punitive models have dominated this realm, meting out retribution in response to transgressions. However, an alternative paradigm--restorative justice--emerges as a transformative approach that reframes the narrative from punishment to restoration. In this alternative framework, individuals are given the opportunity to navigate the labyrinthine aftermath of anti-social activities through constructive communication and mutual recognition, a process that is both cathartic and remedial. This progression towards restorative justice has exhibited a notable downturn in suspensions by developing conscientiousness, responsibility, and self-regulation among students. Moreover, the influence of restorative justice extends beyond conflict resolution and permeates into the relationships between pupils and their faculty, subtly facilitating a common perception. Thus, restorative justice not only tackles the immediate fallout of wrongdoings, but also sows the seeds for a healthier, more harmonious social fabric.

Delving into the depths of restorative justice, we draw our focus towards an authoritative perspective. The Government of Canada defines restorative justice as a practice that “provides opportunities for victims, offenders, and communities affected by a crime to communicate…about the causes, circumstances, and the impact of that crime, and to address their related needs” (Government of Canada, 2021). This perspective aligns with the understanding that such models foster pathways for productive discourse, thus enabling a comprehensive acknowledgment and settlement of the repercussions triggered by illegal actions. Additionally, research has substantiated the considerable influence of restorative justice programs in academic environments. A study of note underscored the immediate effectiveness of such initiatives, revealing that “[students] experienced greater reduction in suspensions…in schools implementing the [restorative justice] program for only 1 year” (Hollands et al., 2022). This observed decrease in suspensions is likely attributable to the program’s emphasis on nurturing dialogue, empathy, and harmony among participants. Such an approach not only addresses the root causes of conflicts and behavioral issues, but also cultivates a sense of responsibility and accountability in learners. Consequently, this environment supports self-control and diminishes the need for punitive measures, such as expulsions, to maintain discipline and order.

Drawing upon the wealth of scholarly investigation, it becomes apparent that the integration of these restorative strategies is closely linked to a spectrum of beneficial results. Researchers have delineated an association between the adoption of these restorative practices and a series of positive outcomes. These include: “increased levels of academic achievement, decreased absenteeism, and a reduction in the school-to-prison pipeline” (Lodi, Perrella, Lepri, Scarpa, & Patrizi, 2021). It is a conceivable notion that the adoption of restorative disciplinary methodologies can promote a learning environment that enhances academic performance, reduces truancy, and diminishes the likelihood of juvenile incarceration. Furthermore, in a pedagogical context where restorative justice is applied, the teacher plays a crucial role in modeling how to reintegrate a student after an infraction, thereby cultivating a culture of acceptance and reconciliation (Weaver & Swank, 2020). Educators in settings that incorporate restorative justice serve as effective exemplars of a student’s reintegration post-transgression.

Turning our gaze towards the pivotal interplay of teacher-student relationships, it is significant to note the profound implications restorative justice holds. Focusing on the teacher-student relationship, previous research provides empirical evidence that students in a restorative justice setting often develop a stronger rapport with their teachers (Weaver & Swank, 2020). The implementation of restorative justice can enhance student-teacher relationships, likely owing to the program’s emphasis on compassion, transparent interaction, and mutual understanding. The utilization of restorative justice modalities has been shown to reduce student misconduct, boost academic performance, and improve the overall learning milieu (Payne & Welch, 2017). These beneficial outcomes could possibly stem from the program’s ability to facilitate constructive exchanges, personal liability, and a supportive setting that encourages holistic student growth.

This paradigm provides a robust and empathetic framework that empowers victims, offenders, and communities to engage meaningfully, thus resolving the far-reaching repercussions of student mishaps. By doing so, it deftly eschews the traditional retributive model of justice in favour of a more considerate, productive approach. This strategy reduces suspensions and mitigates the need for punishment-oriented justice in academic environments, favouring an atmosphere that promotes self-regulation among students. The principles of restorative justice--empathy, candid communication, and consensus—also promote a positive student-teacher connection. Fundamentally, restorative justice represents an evolutionary leap towards a more sympathetic, effective, and coherent system, engendering an atmosphere that values resolution and understanding over retaliation.

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leolossingassignment3task1 · 2 years ago

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Learning Activity 3.5, Task 4: What do I believe in? DRAFT

Task 4: What do I believe in?

Write an opinion piece on one of the topics explored in “Which policies are best for schools?”

Must choose between dress code, suspensions, or restorative justice.

Tite this blog entry as, “Learning Activity, Task 4: What do I believe in?”

Well written opinion piece with an introduction, body, and conclusion.

You will state your argument in the introduction

You will have three supporting points that you listed in the “Which policies are best for schools?” document expanded upon in the body

You will sum up your opinion in the conclusion.

Should be between 500 to 750 words

Ideas for task 4: (very rough format)

Exclusionary School Punishment: The Effect of Racial Threat on Expulsion and Suspension - Kelly Welch, Allison Ann Payne, 2012 (sagepub.com)

“Zero tolerance policies, introduced in the 1990s, intensified these exclusionary practices in an attempt to maintain order within schools (Welch & Payne)”

Racial disparities in school-based disciplinary actions are associated with county-level rates of racial bias | PNAS

2“Black students in the United States are subject to disciplinary action at rates much higher than their white counterparts. These disciplinary actions put students at higher risk for negative life outcomes, including involvement in the criminal justice system. Using federal data covering over 32 million students at nearly 96,000 schools, our research demonstrates that the disciplinary gap between black and white students across five types of disciplinary actions is associated with county-level rates of racial bias. Our work emphasizes the need for policy targeting racial disparities in education and psychological bias.”

ERIC - ED527636 - America's Youth: Transitions to Adulthood. NCES 2012-026, National Center for Education Statistics, 2011-Dec

2”Research using administrative datasets and longitudinal samples clearly show that black American students are far more likely to be suspended or expelled”

Full article: Relationship Between School Suspension and Student Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis (tandfonline.com)

2“The negative effects of these pejorative techniques include an increased likelihood of grade retention, dropout, and future delinquency, all of which are associated with the school-to-prison pipeline”

Restorative Justice

(2021). Restorative Justice. Department of Justice Canada, Government of Canada. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/rj-jr/index.html

#1“Provides opportunities for victims, offenders, and communities affected by a crime to communicate (directly or indirectly) about the causes, circumstances, and impact of that crime, and to address their related needs.” (Government of Canada, 2021)

Restorative Practices: Using local evidence on costs and student outcomes to inform school district decisions about behavioral interventions - PubMed (nih.gov)

#2“An additional analysis 1 year later showed that Black students in schools implementing Restorative Practices for 2 years…experienced a greater reduction in suspensions than [Black] students in schools implementing the program for only 1 year.” (Hollands et al., 2022)

Use of Restorative Justice and Restorative Practices at School: A Systematic Literature Review - PubMed (nih.gov)

1"Within a restorative justice framework, the relationship is central for both the building and repairing process... Through this emphasis on the relationship, students feel safe and comfortable returning and reintegrating to the class after a conflict, which is an objective of restorative practices"

#2”Researchers report that schools using restorative disciplinary practices have students with increased levels of academic achievement, decreased absenteeism, and a reduction in the school-to-prison pipeline." (Lodi, Perrella, Lepri, Scarpa, & Patrizi, 2021)

Full article: A Case Study of the Implementation of Restorative Justice in a Middle School (tandfonline.com)

#3"In a classroom where RJ is practiced, the teacher models how to welcome back a student after a wrongdoing.” (Weaver & Swank, 2020)

#1“Previous research has demonstrated students within a RJ classroom perceived a positive relationship with their teachers” (Weaver & Swank, 2020)

The Effect of School Conditions on the Use of Restorative Justice in Schools - Allison Ann Payne, Kelly Welch, 2018 (sagepub.com)

#3“the use of restorative justice techniques has decreased student delinquency, resulted in better academic outcomes, and improved school climate” (Payne & Welch, 2017)

Restorative justice opinion piece:

1Enhanced sense of community;

Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm and fostering empathy, as well as forgiveness

Encourages open dialogue

Contributes to a more positive learning environment

2Reduction in exclusionary discipline practices;

Restorative justice addresses the root causes of students’ actions

Possibly decreases suspensions and expulsions

Promotes academic success and long-term behavioral change

3Fostering social-emotional learning;

Students develop essential social-emotional skills through restorative justice practices

Reduces instances of bullying

#1Quote: “Provides opportunities for victims, offenders, and communities affected by a crime to communicate (directly or indirectly) about the causes, circumstances, and impact of that crime, and to address their related needs.” (Government of Canada, 2021)

(2021). Restorative Justice. Department of Justice Canada, Government of Canada. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/rj-jr/index.html

Quote incorporation: Restorative justice is a comprehensive approach that: “provides opportunities for victims, offenders, and communities affected by a crime to communicate (directly or indirectly) about the causes, circumstances, and impact of that crime, and to address their related needs,” thereby enabling a holistic and shared understanding of the crime, its context, and repercussions (Government of Canada, 2021).

Explanation: Restorative justice models engender avenues for communication, thereby facilitating a comprehensive understanding and resolution of crime-induced ramifications.

#2Quote: “[students] experienced a greater reduction in suspensions…in schools implementing the [restorative justice] program for only 1 year.” (Hollands et al., 2022)

Quote incorporation: Research underscores the tangible impact of restorative justice programs in educational settings. A notable study revealed that “[students] experienced greater reduction in suspension…in schools implementing the [restorative justice] program for only 1 year,” highlighting the immediate effectiveness of such initiatives (Hollands et al., 2022).

Explanation: The observed reduction in suspensions within schools implementing restorative justice programs for merely one year may be attributed to the program’s inherent emphasis on fostering dialogue, empathy, and mutual understanding among involved parties. This approach not only addresses the root causes of conflicts and behavioral issue, but also encourages a sense of responsibility and accountability within students. Consequentially, such an environment promoted self-regulation and reduces the need for punitive measures, like suspensions, to maintain order and discipline.

#3Quote: “Researchers report that schools using restorative disciplinary practices have students with increased levels of academic achievement, decreased absenteeism, and a reduction in the school-to-prison pipeline." (Lodi, Perrella, Lepri, Scarpa, & Patrizi, 2021)

Quote incorporation: Researchers have delineated an association between the adoption of these practices and a confluence of favourable outcomes. These include; “increased levels of academic achievement, decreased absenteeism, and a reduction in the school-to-prison pipeline” (Lodi, Perrella, Lepri, Scarpa, & Patrizi, 2021)

Explanation: The adoption of restorative disciplinary methodologies could potentially foster an environment conducive to augmented scholastic performance, mitigated truancy, and a curtailed inclination for juvenile incarceration.

#4Quote: “In a classroom where RJ is practiced, the teacher models how to welcome back a student after a wrongdoing.” (Weaver & Swank, 2020)

Quote incorporation: In the context of a pedagogical environment where restorative justice is implemented, the teacher demonstrates how to reintegrate a student post-transgression, thus fostering an ethos of acceptance and reconciliation (Weaver & Swank, 2020).

Explanation: In educational milieus incorporating restorative justice, teachers may serve as effective exemplars for the reintegration of students pos-transgression.

#5Quote: “Previous research has demonstrated students within a RJ classroom perceived a positive relationship with their teachers” (Weaver & Swank, 2020)

Quote incorporation: Empirical evidence gleaned from previous research has elucidated that students engaged within a restorative justice setting manifest a heightened sense of rapport with their teachers (Weaver & Swank, 2020).

Explanation: Classrooms that have implemented restorative justice could ameliorate student-teacher relationships. This enhanced rapport is most likely due to the program’s focus on compassion, transparent communication, and reciprocal comprehension.

#6Quote: “the use of restorative justice techniques has decreased student delinquency, resulted in better academic outcomes, and improved school climate” (Payne & Welch, 2017)

Quote incorporation: The application of restorative justice methodologies has been found to precipitate a decrease in student misconduct, catalyze elevated academic performance, and foster an improved learning milieu (Payne & Welch, 2017).

Explanation: These beneficial outcomes could possibly stem from the program’s ability to nurture constructive dialogue, personal accountability, and a supportive setting that fosters holistic student development.

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leolossingassignment3task1 · 2 years ago

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Learning Activity 3.5, Task 3: Who am I? DRAFT

Good day Miss Stephany. It is my pleasure to speak to you about my cultural identity—as a British/Canadian individual. Though, I am born and raised in the beautiful landscapes of Banff, Alberta.

I was born in Banff, Alberta in 2003. My parents are British, hence the accent I have. Weirdly enough, my two siblings have not picked up on an accent. Throughout my entire life, everyone naturally assumes I am a foreigner, due to my British accent. Though, I find it funny that when I do go to England, the people there inquire upon the origin of my lexicon. I do find it annoying that most people automatically assume--atleast in Canada--that I am a die hard royalist and will selflessly sacrifice my life to spare the current ruling monarch (like all British people, of course. Additionally, most people want my opinion on tea.

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leolossingassignment3task1 · 2 years ago

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Learning Activity 3.5, Task 2: What has influenced me?

A Melting Pot of Influences Page. 1

A Melting Pot of Influences: Foreign and Native Legacies and their Contributions to Canadian Culture

Leo Lossing

TVO ILC

2023-10-23

A Melting Pot of Influences Page. 2

A Melting Pot of Influences: Foreign and Native Legacies and their Contributions to Canadian Culture

Canadian culture embodies a diverse tapestry of influences, reflecting the nation’s historical and contemporary connections with other regions across the globe. Among those contributions, Europe has played a particularly significant role in molding multiple facets of Canadian life, ranging from fashion and cuisine to leisure activities, entertainment, and philosophical paradigms. This essay seeks to expound upon the European underpinnings in Canadian culture and the ways in which these legacies have merged with Indigenous and other international elements to forge the distinctive cultural blend that characterizes modern-day Canada.

The realm of Canadian fashion is predominantly shaped by renowned European designers, such as Adidas, Nike, H&M, Inditex, LVMH, TJX, and Kering, among others. Similarly, the eclectic culinary landscape of Canada draws inspiration from a wide array of global sources, with European cuisine holding a prominent position. In recent years, East Asian and South Asian dishes have gained increased popularity, largely attributed to the influx of immigrants from these regions. Canadian architecture likewise traces its roots to Europe, being primarily influenced by French and English styles, as well as neo-Classical designs from Italy and Brutalist structures from Soviet Russia. Recreational activities in the country are shaped by a combination of European and Indigenous impacts. European-derived sports, such as football, competitive swimming, baseball (inspired by cricket), tennis, volleyball, golf, water polo, rugby, gymnastics, and boxing, as well as many more, coexist alongside Indigenous-inspired sports, such as hockey, basketball, and canoeing.

The entertainment industry in Canada shares a similar European origin story, with writing, cinema, and music chiefly rooted in European traditions, but these forms of art have all evolved independently, leading to the vibrant amalgamation of the music scene in contemporary Canada. Canada’s modern music landscape is a vivid mosaic of wide-ranging genres, encompassing K-pop, American folk music, European synth and electronic music, classical compositions, big bands, African American rap and jazz, English rock, country music, and more. Modern drama and theatrical traditions can trace their genesis to ancient Greek theatre and the works of distinguished playwrights such as Shakespeare and Cervantes. Likewise, numerous philosophical, economic, and cultural concepts have European origins, with democracy deriving from ancient Greece and the modern parliamentary system from England. Legal frameworks and systems of governance in Canada also stem from ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, and the British Empire.

Most of the prominent businesses in modern day Canada are multinational organizations with an international origin. Nonetheless, a select few venerable brands have endured since the era of the fur trade. Among these, Hudson’s Bay Company stands as a notable example, holding the distinction as the world’s oldest continuously operating international enterprise. Its storied history and longevity serve as a testament to its adaptability and resilience in the ever-evolving global marketplace. Canadian traditions also exhibit European influences, with celebrations like Christmas, Easter, and Halloween. Additionally, Thanksgiving symbolizes a harmonious blend of Indigenous and European cultures. The holiday originated in Massachusetts in 1621, when settlers and the Wampanoag tribe shared an autumn harvest celebration.

The multifaceted nature of Canadian culture bears witness to the country’s abundant and diverse heritage, with European impacts pervading various aspects of its identity. Through the intertwining of Indigenous, European, and global elements, Canada has cultivated a unique cultural merging that epitomizes its enduring commitment to inclusiveness and diversity. As the nation continues to progress, this intricate fusion of influences will remain an integral part of its essence, perpetuating the spirited and dynamic character of Canadian society.

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leolossingassignment3task1 · 2 years ago

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Learning Activity 3.5, Task 2: What has influenced me? DRAFT

Task 2: What has influenced me?

Write an essay about the cultural influences in your life

Think about the ideas, traditions, art forms, and businesses that have outside cultural origins

Include the following five areas of culture: food, fashion, architecture, leisure activities, and entertainment.

Title this blog entry as, “Learning Activity 3.5, Task 2: What has influenced me?”

Ideas for Task 2 point form (very rough sketch):

Most of Canadian fashion is influenced by European designers, such as; Adidas, Nike, H&M, Inditex, LVMH, TJX, and Kering to name a few.

The typical Canadian cuisine is unique, drawing inspirations from all over the world, but Europe again has the most influence. In recent memory, particularly East Asian and South Asian dishes have become more widespread, mostly due to the influx of immigration from those areas of the world.

Once again, architecture in Canada has roots in Europe. Mostly France and England, but neo-Classical from Italy and Brutalism from Soviet Russia also have a significant foothold.

For leisure activities, Europe and Indigenous culture share a duopoly of impact. For Europe; football, competitive swimming, baseball (cricket origins), tennis, volleyball, golf, water polo, rugby, gymnastics, and boxing, as well as much more. Hockey and basketball, while both were invented by European-descended Canadians, drew inspiration from existing Indigenous sports. Canoeing has, in contrast, remained unchanged as an Indigenous leisure activity.

Most of Canadian entertainment in its current form has European origins, like writing, cinema, and music, but these forms of entertainment also independently sprouted up all around the world.

Modern music has a multifaceted origin story, like rap and jazz being African American creations, but music theory and language all come from Europe. The modern scene in music is incredibly diverse, from K-pop and American pop, European synth and electronic music, classical music and big bands from all over West, rap and jazz from African Americans, rock and pop music from England and elsewhere, country music, and so on.

Cinema traces its origins to plays done in Greece and its modern structure from playwrights like Shakespeare and Cervantes.

Most philosophical, economical, and cultural ideas can trace their origins to Europe. Democracy from ancient Greece and its modern format in Canada from England. Law and order from ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, and the British Empire.

Most of the prominent businesses in modern day Canada are multinational organizations that have international origin. However, there are some big name brands that have existed since the fur trade, like Hudson’s Bay, which is the world’s oldest continuously operating international business.

Many traditions in Canada have European origins, like Christmas, Easter, and Halloween, but one of the most important is Thanksgiving, which is a fusion of Indigenous and European cultures. It originated in Massachusetts in 1621 when colonists and the Wampanoag tribe shared an autumn harvest.

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leolossingassignment3task1 · 2 years ago

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The Tragically Hip - Ahead By A Century (Official Music Video) - YouTube

Walking in Kingston Downtown in Autumn - Kingston Ontario Canada 4k video - YouTube

Welcome to Queen's! - YouTube

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leolossingassignment3task1 · 2 years ago

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Learning Activity 3.5, Task 1: Where do I live?

The Enthralling History of Kingston Page. 1

Kingston: An Enthralling History of Cultural Evolution and Personal Resilience

Leo Lossing

TVO ILC

2023-10-23

The Enthralling History of Kingston Page. 2

Kingston: An Enthralling History of Cultural Evolution and Personal Resilience

The multifarious narrative of Kingston’s past weaves together an intricate chronicle of human settlement, cultural amalgamation, and colonial pursuits. Ranging from ancient archaeological findings to the impact of contemporary immigration, this essay explores the complicated interplay of distant human habitation, European expansion, and the ever-shifting social fabric that has given rise to the distinctive identity of the region today.

Archaeological investigations in the Kingston region have unearthed compelling evidence that suggests there was human occupation dating as far back as approximately 9,000 years. Nevertheless, it was not until around 500 AD that a permanent encampment emerged in the vicinity. As the first Europeans, specifically the French, arrived in the region, the Haudenosaunee tribe had already established a presence along Lake Ontario’s North Shore. The Haudenosaunee began to migrate to the Kingston area once the French erected their outpost. By 1700, the Haudenosaunee had relocated southward, ceding their territories to the Mississaugas.

The establishment of Fort Cataraqui by Louis de Baude de Frontenac, the Governor of New France, was a strategic maneuver to consolidate control over Lake Ontario and the lucrative fur trade. Subsequently renamed to Fort Frontenac, this stronghold served a dual purpose. It functioned as a military outpost and acted as an economic nucleus, attracting settlers of European and Indigenous descent. The fort, however, faced significant challenges. In 1688, the Iroquois tribe besieged and devastated the fort, resulting in the deaths of most of the people. The French would later reclaim and rebuild the stronghold, only to have it captured by the British during the Seven Years War in 1758. In 1870, Fort Frontenac was transferred to the Canadian military, and has remained under their jurisdiction since. Following the British conquest, the composition of the region, now known as Kingston, was comprised primarily of British, Irish, Scottish, and Welsh ancestry. This demographic shift was fueled by the British Empire’s insistence on populating the New World in order to consolidate their dominion. Although the proportion of residents with French ancestry experienced a period of growth, their presence has been on a steady decline. Concurrently, with the beginning of the 20th century, a rapidly growing German population emerged—soon becoming the second fastest growing community.

The New Immigration Act was passed in 1976 under Pierre Trudeau’s leadership. This sparked a substantial influx of immigrants to the region in the 1980s and beyond. The law led to an increasing number of South Asians and Southeast Asians, with a smaller proportion of immigrants originating from East Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Throughout these centuries of demographic shifts, the Indigenous community has remained relatively stable, constituting only around 4% to 5% of the overall population. The Kingston region’s rich history showcases a dynamic interplay of ancient human habitation, colonial expansion, and shifting demographics influenced by immigration policies. This intricate mosaic of cultures and histories contributed to the unique character of the region today, serving as a testament to the resiliency and adaptability of its inhabitants.

Owing to the recent surge in immigration, particularly from India and other Asian countries, a considerable segment of young, unskilled labour has emerged, counterbalancing the escalating number of retirees. A majority of these individuals are students, resulting in fierce competition for entry-level employment opportunities. Numerous domestic enterprises, including furniture outlets, appliance vendors, grocery stores, clothing retailers, and others, are capitalizing on the substantial influx of newcomers arriving in Kingston each year with disposable income. This infusion of diverse cultures and increased consumer demand has invigorated Kingston’s local economy and contributes to the overall vibrancy of the community.

Although Canada’s history is marred by racist and exclusionary policies targeting the Indigenous population, this regrettable era now resides in the annals of the past. The locals of Kingston exhibit a commendable degree of acceptance and empathy, as demonstrated by the ubiquitous display of Pride Flags donning numerous buildings. Furthermore, many edifices and locales in Kingston bear the names of Indigenous groups and peoples, signifying a gesture of respect and recognition. The citizens of Kingston are notably supportive, fostering a spirit of inclusivity and appreciation for their cultural heritage.

Nonetheless, Kingston is not without its problems—a sizable homeless population, plagued by drug abuse, casts a shadow over the city. Five months ago, at the age of 19, I found myself homeless and immersed in this harrowing reality. Confronted with the daily struggle for survival, I grappled with the physical discomforts and the emotional turmoil of living on the streets. The constant feeling of insecurity and the uncertainty of where my next meal would come from were unrelenting sources of anxiety. During my time of hardship, I persevered by drawing upon my inner resilience and tenacity. I also gratefully received support in various forms. These served as a lifeline in my darkest moments. I received daily warm meals at a local church, took refuge from the elements in a youth homeless shelter, and was given warm clothing by some very compassionate individuals. Ultimately, I was provided a newly built apartment for the youth. Throughout this ordeal, the prevalence of homeless youth and substance abuse was strikingly evident. My experience has taught me the value of human empathy and the importance of community support. As I navigated the tumultuous journey of homelessness, I found solace in the kindness of strangers and the camaraderie of those who shared my plight. Despite the adversity I faced, my unwavering optimism and level-headedness enabled me to overcome my circumstances and emerge stronger and more determined than ever.

The dynamic and ever-evolving landscape of Kingston reflects efforts to accommodate diverse housing needs, including expanding educational institutions and supporting underprivileged residents. Numerous residential projects and campus enlargements at St. Lawrence College and Queen’s University illustrate the city’s commitment to inclusivity and academic growth. In addressing its homeless masses, Kingston employs a multifaceted approach involving specialized shelters, churches that provide warm meals, and organizations offering clothing and other essential amenities. The municipality’s commitment to supporting vulnerable citizens is evident in the development of youth apartments for those facing homelessness, such as myself. I am very thankful.

The Kingston area epitomizes a microcosm of the broader historical themes in Canada, encompassing the resilience and flexibility of its residents in confronting challenges. From primeval human settlements, to present day society, Kingston has displayed an unyielding dedication to embracing diversity, and to providing support for its complex citizenry. As the city forges ahead, the wisdom gleaned from its past and the compassion of its people will remain integral to its future trajectory, ensuring that Kingston remains a bastion of tolerance, compassion, and progress.

First image:

Princess Street—the most busiest part of downtown Kingston.

Second image:

Overhead view of downtown Kingston.

Third image:

Oil painting from artist Arthur Hughes, a prominent artist from Kingston.

First link:

Tragically Hips most famous song, Ahead By a Century. Tragically Hips' lead singer, Gord Downie, was from Kingston.

Second link:

Street walk of Princess Street during autumn.

Third link:

Queen's University's introductory video.

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leolossingassignment3task1 · 2 years ago

Text

Learning Activity 3.5, Task 1: Where do I live? DRAFT

Task 1: Where do I live?

Use data from Learning Activity 3.1 called “My community’s demographic profile.”

Title this blog entry as, “Learning Activity 3.5, Task 1: Where do I live?”

Write an essay covering the questions and answers from the Learning Activity 3.1

Incorporate text, graphics, audio, and video

Make sure to include visuals and photographs of your community

Task 1: (rough form)

Question 1;

As of the 2021 Census of Population by Statistics Canada, Kingston has a population of 132,485. 82.4% were White, 4.2% were Indigenous, 3.4% SA, 3.1% EA, 2% African, 1.8% MENA, 1.5% SEA, and 1% LA.

Question 2;

--Archeological studies conducted around the Kingston region show evidence that people inhabited the area as far back as 9,000 years ago, however it was not until 500AD that there was a permanent encampment nearby. With the arrival of the first Europeans, the French, the Haudenosaunee tribe had settled along the North Shore of Ontario. It was not until the French established their outpost, that the Haudenosaunee began to settle in the Kingston area. By 1700, the Haudenosaunee had moved South and the area that was once occupied by them became the new home for the Mississaugas.

--Governor of New France, Louis de Baude de Frontenac founded Fort Cataraqui in order to establish a presence in Lake Ontario to control the fur trade. The fort, which was renamed to Fort Frontenac served as a military outpost and an economic hub. It attracted settlement from both Europeans and Indigenous peoples.

--in 1688, The Fort was destroyed after the Iroquois tribe laid siege to it, leading to the deaths of most of the inhabitants. The French would ultimately return and rebuild the base. However, in 1758, the Fort changed hands after the British conquered it during the Seven Years War. In 1870, the base was handed over to the Canadian military and has remained in their possession since.

--Since 1758, Fort Frontenac, now known as Kingston, demographics mostly consisted of people with British ancestry, and later on Irish, Scottish, and Welsh. This influx of immigration is attributed to the British Empire’s insistence for people to move to the New World in order to establish a foothold. There was a period of growth in the percentage of people with French ancestry, but for the most part their share of the population has been steadily declining. The second fastest growing demographic group was people with German ancestry.

--With an influx of immigration in the 1980s with the passing of the New Immigration Act in 1976 by the Pierre Trudeau government and after, people with South Asian and South-East Asian in particular have been moving in rapidly. There has also been, to a lesser extent, immigration from East Asia, Latin America, MENA countries, and Africa. For centuries, Indigenous people have consistently been only around 4% to 5% of the population.

Question 3;

Due to recent influx of immigration, particularly from India and the rest of Asia, there is a sizable population of young, low-skilled workers, which offset the growing amount of retirees. Most are students, so competition for minimum wage jobs is fierce. Many local businesses, such as; furniture stores, appliances, grocery markets, clothing, etc are reaping the benefits large amount of new people that come into Kingston each year with money to burn. Much like the rest of Canada, there were racist and exclusionary policies directed towards the Indigenous population, but thankfully that dark period is now just a distant memory. The people of Kingston are very accepting and empathetic, as evidenced by the sheer number of buildings donning the Pride Flag. However, there is a dark side to Kingston—there is a very large homeless population, of which many are addicted to drugs. About 5 months ago I left home and I became homeless at the age of 19. I was homeless for a bit over a month and got to experience this awful reality. I was very thankful for all the help I received. I would go to a local church to get a warm meal each day, spent each of my nights out of the cold in a youth homeless shelter, I was given warm clothes to shield myself from the frigid temperatures by very kind souls, and I managed to get a newly built apartment purpose built for youth. There was a lot of homeless youth and drug abuse. I managed to get myself out of my predicament relatively quickly due to my ability to always have an optimistic outlook and level headedness. Poverty is rampant is certain parts of the town, and other parts of town are dangerous, especially for those that are homeless themselves. There is also sizable amount of Kingstonians that cannot afford basic necessities.

Question 4;

In order to meet the demand, there are countless housing developments sprinkled throughout Kingston. St. Lawrence College and Queen’s University are expanding their campuses and student accommodation. There are also many programs to help the homeless, such as; homeless shelters for women and youth, Churches that provide warm meals, homeless assistance institutions that give out clothing, shoes, basic necessities, and provide access to warm showers. There are also assistance programs for people struggling to afford utilities like electricity and water.

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