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McDonald’s : from a « full kitchen » production to a “made for you” production
My internship as an assistant manager in McDonald’s (Clermont Centre) allowed me to have a closer view on the production organization of the company.
The American fast food giant, whose goal has always been to serve the maximum number of meals quickly, has proposed since its creation in the 1940s a production model called "Service System Speedee" then renamed "Full Kitchen".
Inspired by Taylorism, it aimed to produce a large number (“Make to Stock”) of a limited number of sandwiches in order to meet high customer demand during peak hours, using production based on production rates and operating modes, and a work organization focused on tasks division (grill station, fries’ station, garnish station, assembly station).
However, in the 1980s, three major modifications offered McDonald's a new challenge:
An evolution in consumption patterns: sales of sandwiches are no longer limited to traditional meal time but are extended throughout the day.
An increase in competition which pushes the company to widen its range of products, thus making the organization of kitchens planned for a reduced number of products obsolete. Production organization also had to be changed.
A willingness of companies, including McDonald’s to globalize their activities.
To respond to these evolutions, the multinational has chosen to implement a new production model called "Made For You" based on the “Just-In-Time” model, in which each sandwich is made to order ("Make to Order"). It will require a spatial modification of the kitchens in the restaurants, with the disappearance of the "Bin" in which the finished products were stored as well as an in-depth reorganization of the production chain (increase in the versatility of the employees, modification of the flow of orders). The new model then guarantees:
An optimal product quality regardless of the time of the order, which helps to develop essential customer satisfaction in this competitive context.
A Greater flexibility, which makes it easier to modify the offer (periodical sandwich campaigns that can easily be integrated into production) or to produce personalized sandwiches.
A reduction of costs brought by a reduction in losses and a more precise stock management.
A Save time because the "Made For You" model only takes into account paid orders from customers and not a production rate which will result in a loss of time on potentially unsold products.
A better involvement of employees whose work becomes less repetitive.
It should be noted that despite the evolution towards a more flexible model, McDonald’s company still retains a chain work model, a more directive than participative management and downward hierarchical communication between team members and managers.
Initially introduced in the United States, then extended to all franchises around the world, this new model has allowed McDonald’s to continue its development in an increasingly demanding socio-economic environment.
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Read my LinkedIn page for an overview of my professional life and aspirations !
I attach a lot of importance to my LinkedIn account, because I think that it can really help to develop a professional network, and it is essential to look after a new job or a new opportunity.
On my page, you can also find my Curriculum Vitae. I worked on it to make it look attractive and accurate about my education and my experiences.
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2019 Champs !
What a huge performance, I loved to be part of that group, to win in front of our fans and family with my little brother Augustin (blond hair guy) ! I always remember that title, my last as a hockey player.
You can see my competitiveness at the end of this video (the happy guy closest to that beautiful cup), win and do the best I can is what motivated me all my life, and I think that competing is an important value.
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Illumination : Management is what I always wanted to do !
I’ve always had an interest in management, but first, it was in “sport-oriented” management : how Phil Jackson managed the Chicago Bulls of Michael Jordan in the 90’s, how Claude Onesta created such a dominant French handball team, how hockey coaches led their team to the Stanley Cup, considered as one of the hardest trophies to lift. A lot of people are focusing on sport’s biggest stars, including myself. But I always watched beyond the lights. It is fascinating to understand how to manage unique personalities, with a big ego and a strong desire to be the best they can be. And I though that creating a team spirit around those people was a huge achievement.
Playing professional hockey and coaching youth teams confirmed my opinion. As a coach in team sport, you must take care of each player, dealing with their goals, their culture, their education, their private life, their mood, but at the same time you have to take the best decisions for the team. I found that it was an amazing day-to-day challenge.
Other than sports, I developed my management vision through two main experiences : a three months internship as an assistant manager in McDonald’s, and an apprenticeship as an industrial production manager in Michelin since September 2019. I discovered that there were important similarities between sports world and professional world : in sports you wait for your players to score goals and to win games. In business, you wait for your employees to produce goods (sandwiches for McDonald's, and tire wires for Michelin). Your goal as a manager is also to help each one of your employees to develop their potential, to thrive at work and in their personal life. For me it is a really interesting challenge to drive a team, and to help people in their development. And as my studies are finishing, I often think of what I want to do, and management appears to be my vocation.
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Freedom Form Company – Let’s speak about my final thesis
Since September, I’ve been in apprenticeship in Michelin, a French international group. My mission during this final study year has been to develop as an industrial production manager.
I had the chance to work on my management conception, on my communication skills, and on my knowledge about flow management. I’ve also been able to think about management, and especially about “Freedom-Form management”, a form that Michelin is currently trying to implement in his industrial sector worldwide.
Based on the development of each employee using an empowerment method, “Freedom-Form” companies multiply, and multinational companies such as Airbus, Decathlon or Michelin want to expand autonomy and well-being in their plants.
After discussing with my tutors (school tutor and company tutor), I decided to work on how “Freedom-Form” management can be successful in Michelin’s industrial sector for my Master 2 final thesis.
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My hockey Journey
I have to go back almost 20 years ago to find pictures of me hitting the ice for the first time. 18 years to be accurate. 18 years that my parents gave the opportunity to my 3 brothers and I to try a new sport that will keep us away from knight fights that we had all day long: Ice hockey. Being hyperactive and a huge sports fan, I was already really good in a swimming pool, but I accepted the challenge. Thus, we went to the ice rink on a Tuesday night, in my hometown of Angers, in the west part of France. I still remember the light in our eyes when we first geared up as hockey players, the smell in the locker rooms, the first falls too. Like Peter Parker in the Oscorp Industry tower, I got stung that day.
My parents having been former Olympic athletes, competition has always been in my blood. Don’t you dare to play board games against me! I hate to lose, I hate not being first, and I love to find a way to win. So, it was natural for me to join young people from my born year to play in a championship. I quickly met friends (that are actually my best friends now) that I loved to find to play hockey. Everybody realized rapidly that our 1991/1992 generation could make the difference: talent, team spirit, personality, the club saw in us the future for their professional team of “Les Ducs d’Angers” very famous in town. But before performing on the big stage, we had to be efficient, day after day, week after week, year after year. My minor hockey has been staked by many victories and cups, a world championship participation in Quebec City, and a French junior championship in 2010, after a huge amount of games, kilometers, cheers, tears, broken bones, stitches, and of course a lot of money. I take advantage of that to remind you the importance that my family had in my success, especially my parents, without whom I would not be here talking about my professional athlete career.
I was in high school when I realized that I could be a professional hockey player. I knew right away I would have to adapt my time to deal with both sport and studies, making sacrifices. No more free weekends between mid-August and mid-May, no more summer break chilling with my friends, no more junk-food, no more student parties. From now, I need to take care of my body, of my rest, of my diet, and of my organization to be efficient on and off the ice. I also had to take more time than a regular student to graduate, that’s why I still study at the age of 27! It has been difficult sometimes, because some teachers, directors didn’t understand high level sport logic: “No, I am not playing video games, no I didn’t go out last night, I’m not coming on Monday morning because I played in the Alps on Saturday night, and again in Paris on Sunday night. I had a 20 hours bus ride, I played against older and stronger players, so this morning I need to sleep. If I seem tired during afternoons it’s because I train every day for at least 2 hours, and nap time has become very important for me. But on the other hand, I am sure that I am the most competitive student in this class, I know how to reach objectives, and I am not here to take photos”. Dealing with all that schedule made me stronger as an athlete, but also as a person.
I made it to the professional team in 2011, at 19. It is difficult to be recognized that young in your hometown, even more if you are shy like me! I don’t play to be under the spotlights. I play because I love it. I enjoy playing on a lake with my friends as much as playing in front of 15000 fans in Paris Bercy (I played there 2 times, and it was a crazy atmosphere). I had to learn to communicate in front of the media and deal with critics. Being a professional athlete also made me realize that hockey in no more a hobby, it is a job. Guys in the locker room may not be your friends, they are your colleagues.
I had the chance to play with a lot of foreigners: Canadians, Americans, Swedish, Finnish, Czech, Slovaks, Slovenians among them. It was a fantastic opportunity for me to work on my English skills, to learn new cultures, and of course to improve as a hockey player. I also had the chance to live in different regions of France to play hockey (Angers, Annecy, Méribel and currently Clermont-Ferrand), discovering new cities and new people.
I won different titles like French cup, D2 championship, and I also lost several finals. I finally had the chance to play in a professional team with one of my younger brothers, which is important for me!
Being a professional athlete is not only positive. It will not last forever, and it can end very fast. I almost quit hockey after an important shoulder injury in 2013, and I know that my body is way more damaged than a normal person of 27 years old. I don’t really know for how long I will continue to play, and hockey is not a famous sport in France so I don’t earn a lot of money.
The thing that will never change is my love for that game, and I will never forget all the great memories, the friendships, the experiences that hockey gave me.
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As an introduction
Hey there ! I’m Léonard, I’m 28 years old. I was born and raised in Angers, France, and I am currently studying international management in ESC Clermont, specializing in “Supply-Chain Management and Purchasing” and “Sport Business”.
I’m also in apprenticeship, learning to become an industrial production manager in Michelin.
My particularity is that since the age of 18 I have a double project : being able to do studies in an interesting field for me, while practicing sport at a high level.
It takes a lot of organization, and I advise you to read the next article to understand my journey.
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