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Do you know what a dog has to do before he works at the Bar?

Get his Licker Licence.

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Newspaper photos of USS FLORIDA (BB-30) shortly before her launch.

Date: April-May, 1910

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Lieutenant-Commander Edward Boyle in submarine E14 evading Turkish mines while passing through the Dardanelles, 27 April 1915 -  Charles Edward Dixon

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USS MISSOURI (BB-63) upon arrival at Norfolk, Virginia, after a tour in the Korean War.

Date: April 27, 1951

NARA: 80-G-428360

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Special sails

We are more familiar with ships that go up to the topgallant sail (t'gallant or t'garns'l), but there are still some special sails that are above it, these are the Royal, the Skysail and above that the Moonraker. Because of the height they reached, these ships were also called skyscrapers, but please do not confuse them with the skyscraper sail, which was hoisted above them in a triangular shape on much larger ships like clipper or steal barques during the 19th and early 20th century.

Royal

A royal is a small sail flown immediately above the topgallant on square rigged sailing ships. It was originally called the "topgallant royal" and was used in light and favourable winds. Royal sails were normally found only on larger ships with masts tall enough to accommodate the extra canvas. Royals were introduced around the turn of the 18th century but were not usually flown on the mizzenmast until the end of that century. It gave its name to a Dutch term for a light breeze-the Royal Sail Breeze or bovenbramzeilskoelte was a Force 2 wind on the Beaufort Scale.

Skysail

In the course of the 18th century (although the first written records do not exist until 1807), skysails began to be hoisted over the Royal, again in good weather and light winds.

Moonraker

The word itself dates back to the 18th century and was the name for a sail that was hoisted directly above the sky sail, and it was only hoisted when there was very little wind, because if the wind was too strong, it would simply tear off.

The Regina Maris, a danish barquentine from 1908 with a watersail ( red circle)

Watersail

A watersail is a sail hung below the boom. It is used mostly on gaff rig boats for extra downwind performance when racing. Often a watersail will be improvised from an unused foresail. Its psychological effects may be more effective than its aerodynamic ones. Surprisingly, its use can be traced back to as early as 1373. Possibly even earlier, since the 12th century.

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Do you know what a dog has to do before he works at the Bar?

Get his Licker Licence.

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Ex-USS FRANKLIN (CV-13) moored to northern side of partially demolished Norfolk and Western pier awaiting scrapping.

Note: the missing portion of her flight deck which was used to repair USS VALLEY FORGE (CVS-45) in 1959.

"The U.S. Navy initially sold FRANKLIN to the Peck Iron and Metal Company of Portsmouth, Virginia, but reclaimed her due to an urgent Bureau of Ships requirement for her four turbo generators. She was again sold for scrap to the Portsmouth Salvage Company of Chesapeake, Virginia on July 27, 1966. She departed naval custody under tow by the Red Star Towing Company on the evening of August 1, 1966."

U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command: NH 70303

Photographed on April 26, 1967.

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Date: April 26, 1944

USS COLORADO (BB-45) at sea near Puget Sound, Washington. She had been overhauled and modified with a tower structure to replace the stub cage mainmast.

Note: she is painted in Measure 31 Design 3D.

NARA: BS 65033

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USS FRANKLIN (CV-13) approaches New York City, while en route to the New York Naval Shipyard for repairs.

Note the extensive damage to her aft flight deck, received when she was hit by a Japanese air attack off the coast of Japan on March 19 1945.

Date: April 26, 1945

U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command: 80-G-274014

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USS WASHINGTON (BB-56) near the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Washington.

Date: April 26, 1944

U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command: 19-N-64003, 19-N-64001, 19-N-64000, 19-N-63998

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The battleship Richelieu in the port of Cherbourg, France in 1946.

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French Battleship Richelieu in the harbor of Cherbourg, France.

Date: 1946

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Turrets of the battleship Richelieu in the port of Cherbourg, France in 1946.

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I dedicated this to the operator of Lt William Mowett. She is a talented archaeologist who runs a terrific, accurate & highly informative page here. Thank you!

Tintern Avenue -- Top Treasures -- Tintern Alley

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View of the superstructure of USS Tennessee (BB-43) at the Puget Sound Navy Yard, Washington on April 25, 1945.

Note: personnel are conducting inclining experiments. This is to determine her stability, lightship weight and the coordinates of her center of gravity.

1143-43, 1143-44