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Lesley Williams, a family medicine doctor in Phoenix, tells me she gets an alert from her electronic health records software every time she’s about to see a patient who is above the “overweight” threshold. The reason for this is that physicians are often required, in writing, to prove to hospital administrators and insurance providers that they have brought up their patient’s weight and formulated a plan to bring it down—regardless of whether that patient came in with arthritis or a broken arm or a bad sunburn. Failing to do that could result in poor performance reviews, low ratings from insurance companies or being denied reimbursement if they refer patients to specialized care.

https://highline.huffingtonpost.com/articles/en/everything-you-know-about-obesity-is-wrong/

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We fat women encounter messages such as this not only in our daily lives – messages that convince us that thin women are morally, inherently, better than fat people – but also, we encounter them within popular culture on a regular basis. To be thin means individuals are disciplined as it is assumed they exercise and “take care of” their body, where to be fat is assumed to be lazy, undisciplined, and uncaring of one’s body. In short, we are seen to be morally inferior because we are fat

The Living Fat Body: Women’s Experiences and Relationships with Their Bodies and Popular Culture

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https://www.instagram.com/p/Bj-UFu8HQAU/?taken-by=avoevodina

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According to objectification theory, the internalization of sexual objectification leads to constant self-monitoring, creating a state of self-consciousness that breeds feelings of shame and anxiety (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Newer studies support this assertion, finding that self-objectification is in fact correlated with higher rates of body shame and appearance anxiety (Augustus-Horvath & Tylka, 2009; Miles-McLean et al., 2015; Szymanski & Henning, 2007). Furthermore, recent research also shows that sexual objectification in the form of stranger harassment can be a source of anxiety if it inflames underlying fears of victimization and rape (Culbertson, Vik, & Kooiman, 2001; Fairchild & Rudman, 2008; MacMillan et al., 2000). The feelings of shame and anxiety resulting from self-objectification have been found to subsequently lead to depression (Szymanski & Henning, 2007). Prolonged exposure to sexual objectification may also contribute to insidious trauma which is marked by psychological trauma symptoms that occur due to lifelong exposure to microaggressions (Miles-McLean et al., 2015; Nadal & Haynes, 2012), as opposed to one large trauma. Some of the psychological symptoms found to be associated with the trauma of sexual objectification include anxiety and depression (Harned, 2000; Miles-McLean et al., 2015). Unfortunately, depression may not be the end of the correlational chain in the context of sexual objectification, as it has also been found to be related to disordered eating among women (Harned, 2000; Szymanski & Henning, 2007).

The Effects of Sexual Objectification on Women's Mental Health

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Direct and indirect pathways by which urban and transport planning and design decisions influence health and well-being.

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Bend it Like Beckham (2002)

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