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REFLECTION NO. 14

THE DISADVANTAGES OF ICT

What is cybercrime? 

           -  Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a computer is the object of the crime (hacking, phishing, spamming) or is used as a tool to commit an offense (child pornography, hate crimes). Criminals can also use computers for communication and document or data storage.

10 most common cybercrimes according to Stephen Nale

Phishing / Spoofing -  Phishing is a cybercrime in which a target or targets are contacted by email, telephone or text message by someone posing as a legitimate institution to lure individuals into providing sensitive data such as personally identifiable information, banking and credit card details, and passwords.

Blackmail / Extortion -  Common types of extortion include blackmail, protection schemes, and certain types of hacking. Extortion is not a black and white action, and many state laws differ on key aspects of an act of extortion. For example, is a frivolous lawsuit a form of extortion.

Accessing Stored Communications - hacking.

Sports Betting -  Federal law prohibits individuals from betting on sports or gambling contests using a "wire communication facility," which includes the Internet.

Non-delivery of Merchandise - An act of devising a scheme.

Electronic Harrassment -  Harassment also occurs where a person uses an electronic device such as a phone or computer to communicate threats, sometimes anonymously.

Child Pornography -  Child pornography charges can be prosecuted in both federal and state court and carry hefty criminal punishments.

Prostitution - using internet to engage in prostitution.

Drug Trafficking -  Selling illegal drugs through the internet.

Criminal Copyright Infringement 

PirateBay-  The Pirate Bay is an online index of digital content of entertainment media and software.

Combating Cyber Crimes

Network Security

Encryption -  encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.

Investigation

Penalties

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REFLECTION NO. 13

CYBERSECURITY

-  Cybersecurity is the protection of internet-connected systems, including hardware, software and data, from cyberattacks. In a computing context, security comprises cybersecurity and physical security -- both are used by enterprises to protect against unauthorized access to data centers and other computerized systems.

Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012

Republic Act No. 10175, or the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, was signed into law by President Aquino on Sept. 12, 2012. Its original goal was to penalize acts like cybersex, child pornography, identity theft and unsolicited electronic communication in the country.

MAJOR SECURITY PROBLEMS

Viruses & Worms 

Hackers

White hat hacker -  A white hat hacker is a computer security specialist who breaks into protected systems and networks to test and asses their security. White hat hackers use their skills to improve security by exposing vulnerabilities before malicious hackers (known as black hat hackers) can detect and exploit them.

Grey hat hacker -  someone who may violate ethical standards or principles, but without the malicious intent ascribed to black hat hackers. Gray hat hackers may engage in practices that seem less than completely above board, but are often operating for the common good.

Black hat hacker -  Black Hat hackers are criminals who break into computer networks with malicious intent. They may also release malware that destroys files, holds computers hostage, or steals passwords, credit card numbers, and other personal information.

Malware

Trojan Horses

Password Cracking

SECURITY SUITE

              - Security Suite is a collection of software utilities that protect a user's computer from viruses and other malware. Managed by a single control panel interface that displays all the functions, antivirus and firewall are typically the primary elements.

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REFLECTION NO. 12

ICT PROJECT FOR SOCIAL CHANGE

- Social Change refers to an alteration in the social order of a society. Social Change may include social institutions, social behaviors, or social relations. It can be done in any form of multi-media. You can make social changes through the use of campaigns. Campaigns are a work in an organized and active way toward a particular goal; typically a political or social one. A campaign will help you promote and organize your project properly.

- Planning a Social Campaign: Before starting a project or campaign, you should be able to do the necessary paperwork better known as a Concept Paper. This allows experts to see if your project is doable over the time frame that was given and if it is significant enough to be made into reality.

Concept Paper - It is a document used to convince a panel of potential funders to help a product, program, or service become a reality.

Five Elements of a Concept Paper: 

1.Introduction -  includes your mission and vision and a brief introduction of your project / campaign.

2.Purpose -  includes the reason why the project / campaign is worth your sponsor’s time, effort and money.

3.Description -  this includes all the necessary information about the project. It involves the website/s or page you are going to produce and the purpose of each and how they work in unison.

4.Support -  contains the budget needed for the project, though some concept papers do not specify any amount requested from the sponsor.

5.Contact Information -  includes information on how the group can be contacted.

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 - Advocacy is a process of supporting and enabling people to: Express their views and concerns. Access information and services. Defend and promote their rights and responsibilities. REFLECTION NO. 11

ICT AS PLATFORM FOR CHANGE

ICT standS for information and communication technologies and is defined, as a "diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information. It can improve the quality of human life because it can be used as a learning and education media, the mass communication media in promoting and campaigning practical and important issues, such as the health and social area.

ICT- a force for social reform.

ICT TOOL MEDIA FORCE

-  Ict tools are devices or objects used in information and communication technology ex;- computer ,cell phones ,cell phone towers, video conferencing, software, radio, television , laptop etc.

ICT MEDIUM FOR ADVOCACY

-  Advocacy is a process of supporting and enabling people to: Express their views and concerns. Access information and services. Defend and promote their rights and responsibilities.

- Advocacy in democracy is about getting what you want without the government being involved.

- “In a democracy, which is a collection of voices, it is everyone’s job to use their voice to remind the government about what people want.”  — Matthew Kaplan

ROLE OF ICT IN RECENT HISTORY

EDSA (People Power Revolution) -  The revolution was a result of the long oppressed freedom and the life threatening abuses executed by the Marcos government to cite several events like human rights violation since the tyrannical Martial Law Proclamation in 1972. The People Power Revolution happened in February 22-25, 1986.

                                     - Radio broadcast helped change the course of history.

EDSA II (EDSA DOS) -  The Second EDSA Revolution was a three-day political protest from January 17–21, 2001 that peacefully overthrew the government of Joseph Estrada, the thirteenth President of the Philippines. 

                               - The people used test messaging to mobilize people saying “GO TO EDSA, WEAR BLACK.”

MILLION PEOPLE MARCH -  Million People March at Luneta was the first of a series of protests in the Philippines calling for the total abolition of the Pork Barrel fund, triggered by public anger over the Priority Development Assistance Fund scam.

TINDOG VISAYAS (TYPHOON YOLANDA) (YOLANDA PEOPLE FINDER) -  Lakbayan ng Visayas Laban sa Kagutuman at Militarisasyon.

                         - Gave birth to the people finder database powered by Google.

ICT TOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION - An approach to communication which provides communities with information they can use in bettering their lives.

FACES OF SOCIAL MEDIA

The GOOD - used for communication where distance no longer matters. It has positive effects depending on how user uses it.

The BAD - it has taken over our lives and had controlled us. 

The UGLY - common cause to broken relationship and egocentricity.

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REFLECTION NO. 10

INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA

-  Interactive multimedia allows the user to control, combine, and manipulate a variety of media types, such as text, computer graphics, audio and video materials, as well as animation. Interactive multimedia integrates computer, storage, data, phone, TV, and other information technologies.

MULTIMEDIA CONTENT

• Videos

• Sound, music or audio

• Online games

• Online tests

• Courseware- stimulates online classroom

• Podcasts- series of audio or text files streamed online

• Vodcasts- series of videos streamed online

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allows you to create a group page that will allow people in your group to communicate your ideas REFLECTION NO. 9

COLLABORATIVE ICT DEVELOPMENT

-  Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications and computers.

- Facebook would not be that interesting if it were not for all your friends. In fact, the more friends you have, the more content you get.

WEBPORTAL

- A portal is a web-based platform that collects information from different sources into a single user interface and presents users with the most relevant information for their context.

Examples: Yahoo- news, email, weather, etc.

ONLINE COLLABORATIVE TOOLS 

-tools that can help your group “go the distance” and work as if you already have your own office. Working together does not necessarily mean you have to be physically together.

-group work.

-working together doesn’t necessarily mean you have to be physically together.

-these tools can help your group “go the distance”.

Examples: 

• Facebook Groups-  allows you to create a group page that will allow people in your group to communicate your ideas.

• WordPress- allows you to multiple contributors for a single blog.

• G Suite-  is a brand of cloud computing, productivity and collaboration tools, software and products developed by Google. It comprises Gmail, Hangouts, Calendar, and Google+ for communication.

• Google Docs, Sheets, and Slides-  are a word processor, a spreadsheet and a presentation program respectively, all part of a free, web-based software office suite offered by Google within its Google Drive service.

• Microsoft Office Online- allows multiple people to work on different office files 

• Microsoft’s Yammer- offers companies to have their own social network that allows sharing and managing content.

• Trello-  offer an online to-do checklist for your entire team.

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REFLECTION NO. 8

                       Webpage Concept And Design

Web design itself refers to the process of creating a web page's appearance and to the choice of a right color scheme, page layout, fonts and more. Creating a webpage using HTML is one of the topics that we discussed. HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language — it is the publishing language of WWW; the standard used to create webpages.

Web Standards

Web standards are where the W3C develop its specification, guidelines, as well as software and tools. These web standards are:

HTML- HyperText Markup Language

CSS- Cascading Style Sheet

XML- Extended Markup Language

HTTP- HyperText Transfer Protocol; and

XHTML- Extended HyperText Markup Language

HTML Standards

HTML 4.01 is the latest HTML standard supported by new browsers. It supports multimedia options, scripting language, style sheets, better printing facility, and documents that are more accessible to users with disability.

Basic Tools

Plain text editors helps you to write HTML documents.  Such programs are sometimes known as "notepad" software. It is a type of computer program that edits plain text.

Web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. It is to test and view the created web page.

HTML reference book serves as a guide for HTML tags.

HTML Tags

- It is the root of the html document which is used to specify that the document is html.

Header tag - It is used to define the heading of html document. <H1>, <H2>,...

Body tag - It is used to define the body of html document. <BODY>

Title tag - It is used to define the title of html document. <TITLE>

Paragraph tag - It is used to define paragraph content in html document. <P>

Bold tag - It is used to specify bold content in html document. <B>

Italic tag - It is used to write the content in italic format. <i>

Break tag - forces line breaks without creating a vertical space. <BR>

Background color of text elements vary using attributes.

Image and other graphical elements can be added on the web page through the <IMG> tag using the src (source) attribute.

Hypertext links are created on webpages using <A> anchor tag with HREF attribute.. It connects your webpages together and point to ther web documents and are also used to connect to graphic and other media.

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REFLECTION NO. 7

ONLINE PLATFORMS FOR ICT CONTENT DEVELOPMENT

I have learned a lot from our E-tech adviser Ma'am Irene about this topic, because she had taught us well. I learned that there are two types of platforms:

Social Media Platforms are websites that allows you to create accounts where you can share the content; and

Blogging Platforms that focuses on content and design.

The Content Management System or CMS is a computer app that allows you to publish, manipulate and even delete web content.

Cloud Computing is usually an online storage. With cloud computing, you can save hard disk space, can be ran anywhere as long as there is internet connection. It also saves you money from buying software licenses, it has minimum system requirements and a back-up and data recovery. You dont need to install and update cloud computing. But it also comes with disadvantages when using cloud computing. It can be hamperes down by slow internet connection, therefore, no connection, no cloud computing. It needs a compatible software, prone to hacking, and has limited control. Using cloud computing needs to be opened with your personal computer alone.

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REFLECTION NO. 6

IMAGING AND DESIGN FOR ONLINE ENVIRONMENT

This lesson has taught me that there are simple ways to make graphics and layouts. Its basic principles are: 

1. Balance

2. Emphasis

3. Movement

4. Pattern, repetition and rhythm 

5. Propostion; and

6. Variety

An infographic or information graphics is used to represent information and graphics. It is usually done in a creative manner to attract the viewer’s attention and it makes the complex data become more visually appealing to  an average user. Some examples of websites that is helpful in making infographics are PiktoChart, Visme.co, Easel.ly, Visualize.me, etc. 

PiktoChart-  is a web-based infographic application or website activation used to edit informations and graphics which allows users to easily create infographics and visuals using themed templates. 

JPEG- Joint Photographics Expert Group

GIF- Graphics Interchange Format

PNG- Portable Network Graphics

The principles and basic techniques of image manipulation are choosing the right file format, choosing the right image size and caption.

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REFLECTION NO. 5

ADVANCED PRESENTATION SKILLS

- In this topic, I learned a lot about presentations specifically in Microsoft PowerPoint. A PowerPoint is a presentation software, wherein it allows users to create visual aids and choosing the type of layout content in creating presentations. Presentation software is an application that are the most effective tools in lectures and seminars. Aside from Microsoft PowerPoint, there are other presentation software like Adobe Acrobat, Corel Presentation, Prezi, WPS Office, etc.

The PowerPoint is originally designed for Macintosh computer. It was called “Presenter”, developed by Thomas Rudkin and Dennis Austin. It was later called PowerPoint from the idea of Robert Gaskins.

The elements of Microsoft PowerPoint are the: Slide, Design Template, Slide show, Animation, Transition, Hyperlink and embedding. In order to create an effective presentation, you must minimize your slides, clarity of words, simplicity, visuals, consistency and the contrast. 

I realized that the PowerPoint is very helpful, specially for students like us when we made our Autobigraphy. it is easy to use and user-friendly.

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REFLECTION NO. 4

“ADVANCED SPREADSHEET SKILLS”

In this topic, I have learned a lot about spreadsheet. That it is more than just calculations and computations, that it may be used in different fields. it also offers a wide variety of features that makes the spreadsheet more essential for users to handle.

Dan Bricklin and Robert Frankston are the developers of the very first electronic spreadheet in the year 1978 called VisiCalc for “Visible calculations”.

Microsoft Excel is the most-used spreadsheet nowadays in terms of business and education. It helps the user in calculations, making tables and lists, databases, budget table, calendars, data analysis, etc. It is widely used in investments, budget management, and in competitive bidding. The characters of a well formatted Excel must be: Well presented, easy to read, functional, and well- printed. There is a lot of other functions in Excel that others might not know, it means that it is a spreadsheet that is very user-friendly. 

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REFLECTION #3 This week's lesson helped me to gain more knowledge about Advanced Word Processing Skills. Word Processing allow users to create and manipulate documents that contains texts and graphics. It is for producing documents such as letters, reports, web pages, memos, etc. An example of word processing software is Microsoft Word. Mail Merge is a feature in word wherein users can easily make letters with many recipients. You can merge the boiler plate information (main document) with the variable information (data source).

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REFLECTION #2

1. I learnt that the rules of netiquette is essential for online or internet users to be able to behave properly online. "Think before you click" is a very common slogan for internet users. What we post, share, and do online, reflects on what behavior we have in real life. Therefore, we are responsible for anything that we post on the internet and what we do online may also be used against us, so we must be more careful and disciplined. 2. We must be fully aware of the internet, because it is a network superhighway in which people who use this is possible to see what we post, especially posting our personal informations. Posting personal information on social media sites makes us vulnerable to identity theft. Since there are millions of types of hackers, they are professional in hacking your account and use your identity for illegal purposes. 3. I also learnt that there are types of internet threats that'll surely destroy the system of your device or gadget with whatever is infected. 4. Copying something from the internet without giving credit to the owner or source makes you a criminal, because it is a violation of a copyright law or copyright infringement.

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REFLECTION #1

World Wide Web (also known as WWW) has a huge benefit throughout social media after it was invented by Tim Berners-Lee. It contains websites and webpages and each of these are classified as: 

Web 1.0- static websites without interactivity

Web 2.0- contains dynamic content

Web 3.0- designed to cater to the individual user.

Ito ay isang malaking pakinabang sa mundo ng Internet, sapagkat ang World Wide Web ay ang source of communication. 

This topic helps us to further analyze more about the social media websites’ use, since this generation is more on technological use.