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We looked inside some of the posts by massincarcerationvault-blog and here's what we found interesting.
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Fun Fact
The “We are the 99%” Tumblr blog became the slogan for the Occupy Wall Street movement.
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Concluding Statement
“Because blacks, Natives, and unauthorized immigrants, namely those arriving from south of the U.S.-Mexico border, so disproportionately fill the nation’s jails, prisons, and detention centers, incarceration and its ‘collateral consequences’ land heavily in Indigenous, black, and brown communities.”
Source: City of Inmates (Conclusion, Pg. 195-196)
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History is alive in the past, present, and the future
Angela Davis, Lecture: “Abolition Democracy, Prisons, Torture, and Empire”
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On Angela Davis
-Angela Davis asserts that Black slavery and Native genocide mutually shape each other
-She states that the latter is a clear indication of the idea that marginalized communities often times share many commonalities
-While referencing Black slavery, she introduces the concept of “enforced amnesia”
-She describes “enforced amnesia” as a flaw of society because it refuses to carry emotional resonances of life-altering experiences (ex. slavery and genocide)
-Davis defines the institution of prison as the place where all of the individuals who suffer from the main problems of contemporary times are deposited
Source: Angela Davis, Lecture: “Abolition Democracy, Prisons, Torture, and Empire”
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-World War II drew tens of thousands of African Americans to Los Angeles
-LAPD officers killed more than sixty people between January 1, 1962, and July 31, 1965
-Many of the latter’s killed had been unarmed and shot in the back
-The Watts Rebellion lasted six days and nights
-By August 17, thirty-four people (most were blacks) were dead (most were killed by police), and the LAPD had made nearly 4,000 arrests
-The Watts Rebellion was an uprising against the conditions of life in Black L.A.
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 6, Pg. 158-194)
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-According to a congressional investigation of police corruption and violence, Los Angeles was the “antithesis [of] proper policing”
-Faulkner’s killing was the consequence of an increasingly violent and aggressive pattern to policing in Black L.A.
-Despite daily evidence that black officers did not result in better police practices, many African Americans in L.A. still demanded diversity as the principal means of combating police brutality in the Black Belt
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 6, Pg. 158-194)
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Restrictive Covenants
-A covenant is a legally enforceable “private contract” imposed upon the buyer of property
-Owners who violate the terms of the covenant risk forfeiting the property
-Racially restrictive covenants refer to contractual agreements that prohibit the purchase, lease, or occupation of a piece of property by a particular group of people
-They were not only mutual agreements between property owners in a neighborhood not to sell to certain people, but were also agreements enforced through the cooperation of real estate boards
Source: Professor Kelly Lytle Hernández (Lecture- Tuesday, March 6: Justice for Sam Faulkner)
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-Black L.A. was and remains the largest African American community in the U.S. West
-By the 1920s, public parks prohibited blacks from swimming in public pools, except just before cleaning day
-Most important, white real estate developers and homeowners adopted legal contracts known as restrictive housing covenants to ban African American settlement in the suburbs of the city
-Central Avenue earned Black L.A. the moniker “Harlem of the West,” a flourishing center of African American cultural and political life in the United States
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 6, Pg. 158-194)
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-By the the early 1950s, local activists gathered enough evidence to categorically describe police violence as a tactical assault on black life in the city
-By the mid-1960s, LAPD officers were maiming, killing, and caging an alarming number of African Americans
-By 1930, Los Angeles was home to 47,000 African Americans, representing 3 percent of the total city population and comprising the largest black community west of the Mississippi River
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 6, Pg. 158-194)
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-The killing of Sam Faulkner by an LAPD officer touched off intense protest from African Americans in Los Angeles
-The legal context for their attacks was the maintenance of public order
-Leading members of the local black elite demanded some of the following:
*To indict officers Sheffield and Randolph for murder
*For the LAPD to ease off enforcement of public order charges in the Central Avenue District
*That the LAPD hire and promote more black police officers
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 6, Pg. 158-194)
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-Los Angeles incarcerated more Mexicans than the federal government
-The latter was both the Aryan City of the Sun and the capital of MexAmerica
-As early as 1924, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) began to arrest and incarcerate an increasing number of Mexicans in the city
-86% of the 76,327 arrests of Mexicans made by the LAPD between 1928 and 1939 were for public order charges
-Pedro José González’s radio program was also a powerful nexus of social organization among Mexicans in Los Angeles
-Pedro used his program to protest what he regarded as injustices against Mexicans in the city
-He deciphered, composed, and transmitted the full frequency of Mexican life north of the border―work, love, protest, and even death were the subjects of his program
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 5, Pg. 131-157)
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-Mexicans were believed to be a demographic that degraded the nation’s “Aryan” stock
-The U.S. Immigration Service estimated that Mexicans made a half-million unauthorized border crossings during the 1920s
-La Tuna, a sprawling prison farm, was a large borderland prison established to cage Mexico’s “birds of passage” for unlawfully entering the U.S.
-More than 90 percent of all men sent to La Tuna were Mexicans convicted on immigration charges
-In the pursuit of deportation, immigrant detention was an administrative matter, not a punishment for crime
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 5, Pg. 131-157)
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1924 Immigration Act
-The 1924 Immigration Act swelled the white settler community by broadening the state’s definition of a white racial identity to include all Anglo-Americans and European immigrants but hardened distinctions between whites and non-whites
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 5, Pg. 131-157)
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National Origins Act
-The National Origins Act required all immigrants to submit to inspection at a U.S. immigration station, where they would have to pass a literacy test and a health exam and pay $18 in head taxes and visa fees before legally entering the country
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 5, Pg. 131-157)
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-Mexican imprisonment steadily rose in the United States during the 1920s and 30s
-The increasing number of Mexicans held in U.S. jails and prisons reflected the larger number of Mexicans living in the U.S.
-Efforts to control Mexican immigration to the United States prompted the rise of Mexican incarceration within the U.S.
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 5, Pg. 131-157)
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-Incarceration in Los Angeles fed rebellion in the borderlands on the eve of the revolution in Mexico, the first nonsettler site of U.S. expansion
-Porfirio Díaz’s rush to modernize the Mexican economy had dispossessed and dislocated millions of Mexican peasants
-In search of work, many Mexicans crossed the border into the United States
-In 1900, there were about 100,000 Mexicans residing north of the border
-By 1930, 10 percent of the population of Mexico―nearly 1.5 million people―lived in the U.S.
-Dispossession in Díaz’s Mexico paired with the rise of industrial agriculture in the southwestern United States first opened the corridors of labor migration between Mexico and the United States
-The violence of the Mexican Revolution quickened the migrants’ pace across the border
-After the revolution, employers in the U.S. West, especially agribusinesses, eagerly recruited Mexican laborers to do seasonal work on their farms
-Mexicans made more than 1 million border crossings into the U.S. during the 1920s and into the 1930s
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 4, Pg. 92-130)
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-Magonista incarceration was about quelling a rebellion in Mexico
-The magonista movement was a rebellion bred by U.S. imperialism
-Since 1776, Anglo-Americans had claimed more than 1.5 billion acres from Indigenous peoples
-On that territory, Anglo-American elites built a structure of dominance with acts as diverse as Indian reservations, Chinese exclusion, and Jim Crow laws
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 4, Pg. 92-130)
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-The Court’s decisive ruling in Fong Yue Ting sanctioned deportation as a legitimate, unqualified, and absolute realm of federal governance in U.S. territories
-By September 1893, the greater Los Angeles area was the nation’s epicenter of deportation
-The Court’s ruling in Wong Wing prohibited federal judges from sentencing deportees to prison prior to deportation
-Since 1896, federal authorities have conducted nearly 50 million deportations and forced removals from the United States
Source: City of Inmates (Chapter 3, Pg. 64-91)
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