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Agriculture in Sosa City is blessed with an extremely mild oceanic climate and fertile land, and is characterized by land-use and intensive agriculture (a large amount of labor and capital is invested in a unit of land). With the municipality intervening between the land borrower and the farmland owner, the borrower no longer needs to negotiate or enter into contracts with multiple landowners, and the farmland owner is less likely to experience psychological resistance in dealing with land and to deal with neighboring residents.) seems to be taking place. In addition, we are developing a complex management that combines paddy rice, garden plants, greenhouse vegetables such as tomatoes and strawberries, outdoor vegetables such as green onions, dairy farming, pig farming, and poultry farming.

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Green peppers are in season from June to September, but red peppers, which are harvested after they are fully ripe, are in season a little later. However, peppers are often grown in greenhouses and tend to be available all year round. Therefore, you can enjoy not only green bell peppers but also red bell peppers throughout the year. Red bell peppers and paprika are vegetables of the Solanaceae family, which are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America, and are botanically related to chili peppers. They are classified in the same way, but there are some differences. Paprika is in season from June to September, and red peppers come in later, so the season is different.

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Although an 11 m-high sand barrier has been installed around the sand storage pit in the Oshima area, the residential area is formed from the south to the east. Therefore, it seems that blown sand caused by the northwest monsoon in winter is a serious problem. As a measure to prevent flying sand generated from sand storage pits, installation of sand barriers (fences), planting of sand protection forests, moistening of sand dunes, etc. can be cited. Among these, it is difficult to take measures against sand control forests until the trees grow after planting. In addition, it seems necessary to install a sprinkler on the sand to moisten the sand dunes by sprinkling water. This sprinkler reduces the efficiency of cargo handling work because it interferes with dropping sand from above to form a sand mound. For this reason, wetting of sand dunes. It seems difficult to gain the understanding of sand dealers. The Reynolds number is a dimensionless number that expresses the ratio of the inertial force (momentum of the fluid) and the viscous force (the force that tries to suppress the flow). Used to attach Commonly written as Re. When the Reynolds number is large, that is, when the influence of inertial force is strong, the fluid tends to flow more freely and the flow becomes a turbulent field. On the other hand, when it is small, the flow is highly suppressed by the viscosity of the fluid, resulting in a laminar flow field. The Reynolds number at the boundary between laminar flow and turbulent flow is called the critical Reynolds number, and the value differs depending on the application. It also represents the similarity of flow. It is known that if the Reynolds number is the same, the same flow pattern will be obtained even if the scale of the channel shape and physical properties are different. If the values are the same, it means that the fluid (physical property value), representative flow velocity, and representative length of the model experiment can be freely changed, and the options for the experiment method are expanded. Remember that the Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity and has no units. The concept was developed in 1851 by George Gabriel Stokes (1819-1903: 1st Baronet, Irish mathematician and physicist). Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1851.), the Reynolds number is named after Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912: place of birth: Belfast, England), and in 1883 Dissemination of usage methods. A dimensionless number that takes the ratio of inertial force and viscous force. The representative length is l [m], the representative flow velocity is v [m/s], the fluid density is ρ [kg/m3], the fluid viscosity coefficient is μ [Pa s], and the dynamic viscosity coefficient is ν [m2/ s] in principle, how simple is it?

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Jonagold apples are a breed that was created by crossing "Golden Delicious apples" and "Kogyoku apples" at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in the United States. In Japan, it is the 4th most produced variety after "Fuji apple'', "Tsugaru apple'' and "Orin apple'', and is popular as an excellent familiar apple variety. The optical sensor fruit sorting machine irradiates light on each fruit, analyzes the amount of light that passes through the inside of the fruit, and measures sugar content, acidity, internal damage, etc. By shining strong light on apples, the wavelength and amount of transmitted light can be measured, and obstacles inside the pulp can be measured and sorted, and the sugar content can be measured. An excellent product that can be inspected without cutting or damaging the apple.

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In addition, it seems that producers and related parties gather regularly to check quality and confirm standards so that standards and quality are unified throughout the production area. Harvesting is carried out early in the morning every day, after which each fruit is strictly sorted, sorted, and boxed by the hands of each producer. In addition, it seems that they are careful to handle it carefully so as not to lose its freshness. When it is packed in a box and brought to JA's collection point, it undergoes a strict quality check by JA again and is shipped on the same day, so the quality is unified and it is very fresh, which pleases us. In 1982, Ibaraki Prefecture started the "Fruit Brand Producing Area Designation System'', and designates production areas that meet strict requirements such as sales amount and market price as "brand producing areas.'' So far, 60 production areas have been designated throughout the prefecture. In the future, in cooperation with JA, municipalities, Zen-noh Ibaraki and other related organizations, we will promote production areas (quantity and quality) that can better meet consumer needs, maintain and develop brand production areas, etc. It seems that we will carry out cultivation designated as a production area aiming for. Joso Regional Agricultural Promotion Councils, etc.: Regional agricultural revitalization councils are established based on municipal areas to promote rice production in response to local demand. The aim is to contribute to the promotion of structural reforms in paddy field agriculture and the creation of crop production areas that make use of paddy fields. There are 44 regional agricultural revitalization councils in the prefecture. Agricultural Promotion Areas: Based on the Law Concerning the Development of Agricultural Promotion Areas, agricultural land areas (agricultural land areas within agricultural promotion areas) are established in order to conserve and effectively utilize superior farmland. As a general rule, farmland is not allowed to be converted into agricultural land, so if it is unavoidable to use the land for purposes other than agriculture, it is necessary to apply for exclusion from the agricultural land area in advance and obtain permission. From 2022 to 2025, Basic Policy for Promoting Agriculture in the West of the Prefecture - Realization of Strong Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries - June 2022: From the Ibaraki Prefecture West Agriculture and Forestry Office. In terms of natural and social conditions, the Western Prefecture Agricultural and Forestry Office jurisdiction consists of 10 municipalities: Koga City, Yuki City, Shimotsuma City, Joso City, Chikusei City, Bando City, Sakuragawa City, Yachiyo Town, Goka Town, and Sakai Town. With an area of 1,031 km2 and a population of 532,000, it is less than 20% of the prefecture, and is dotted with historical small and medium-sized cities. Located within 40 to 80 km from the Tokyo metropolitan area, the JR Mito Line and National Route 50 run in the northern part of the jurisdiction, and in parallel, National Routes 125 and 354 run east-west in the south. In the north-south direction, Kanto in the east. The railway Joso Line, National Route 294, and National Route 4 run to the west, and prefectural roads and municipal roads connecting these major arterial roads are also maintained. Furthermore, in recent years, such as the Kita Kanto Expressway and the Metropolitan Inter-City Expressway. A wide-area transportation network has been developed. Due to its proximity to central Tokyo and its proximity to Tsukuba Science City across the Kogai River, industrial parks and other secondary and tertiary industries have been located within its jurisdiction and urbanization has progressed. Prefectural area 6,097 km2, prefectural population approximately 2,845,000 people (Source: Ibaraki Prefecture population and household (estimate) monthly report as of February 1, 2021) Overview of agriculture in the jurisdiction, production status With the average annual temperature of about 14°C, annual rainfall of about 1,200 mm, and annual sunshine hours of about 1,900 hours, the area is suitable for agriculture. The plateau is a dry-field farming area representative of the prefecture where lettuce, green onion, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, etc. are produced, and large-scale open-field vegetable management utilizing employment is being carried out. In addition, the production of small watermelons, tomatoes, cucumbers, melons, zucchini, bitter melons, and other fruit vegetables such as pears, which boasts the largest shipping volume in Japan, is also thriving, forming one of the nation's leading horticultural production areas. More than half of the regional agricultural output occupies. In addition, the Tonegawa River flows in the southwest of the jurisdiction, and the Kinugawa River and Kogai River flow through it, and fertile paddy fields spread in the river basin. In addition to paddy rice, wheat, soybeans, and buckwheat account for 60 to 70% of the planted area in this prefecture. Production of and progress in land-use agriculture. In terms of livestock, producers of "Hitachi Beef" account for 25% of the entire prefecture, and designated producers of the prefecture's brand pork "Rose Pork" account for 80%. A producer in Bando City serves as the chairman of the promotion council, and beef cattle and pig farming are thriving in this area. The total number of farm households in the western part of the prefecture has decreased by more than 50% to 20,182 over the 25 years from 1995 to 2020. In particular, the number of commercial farm households has decreased from 31,605 in 1995 to 10,472 in 2020, one-third. Decreased to In addition, among commercial farmers, the percentage of full-time farmers whose household income is based on farm income is 26.4% (2020), and this percentage has remained the same since 2000. Decreased by 54% from 6,417 units to 2,926 units. The jurisdiction seems to be proud of its mission to stably supply safe, secure and high-quality Chinese cabbage, which is required as a production area boasting the largest production volume in Japan. In addition, it seems that they are working to establish a position as

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A vortex is a curved line that moves away from the center as it turns, or approaches if it is traced in the opposite direction, like a vortex. It is primarily a plane curve, but can also be defined on curved surfaces. Uzumaki is a type of broccoli and cauliflower that is native to Europe and called romanesco. We are very careful not to damage the sharp edges during harvesting and packing, and we are always ahead of the consumer's point of view. In addition, it is difficult to cultivate because it may not develop beautiful flower buds due to cold weather or stress. The predecessor of Dainippon insect flower, which developed mosquito coils, was Ueyama Shoten, which was founded in 1885 in Arida County, Wakayama Prefecture (currently Arita City). Even though it's called a store, it seems that the products aren't goods. The family business of the Ueyama family seems to have been the Ueyama Citrus Farm, which has been in business for over 300 years. At Lion Chemical Co., Ltd. in Tsujido, Arida City, incense sticks are made by mixing powder made by drying several plants, such as pyrethrum extract lees powder. The craftsmen hold the powder to check the cohesiveness, and adjust the temperature and amount of water to be mixed. Roll out the powder into a plate and remove it with a mold to create a spiral shape. In the past, craftsmen used to roll each product by hand, but in 1943, the company invented the world's first automatic mosquito coil manufacturing machine. Unit 1 is still active. Then, line them up on a special mesh board to dry. In the past, they dried it outside, but when it rained, it dried unevenly. In addition, pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.)) is a chrysanthemum family born in Eastern Europe. Since it contains pyrethroid-based ingredients that insects dislike, it has long been used as an insect repellent and insecticide. In 1890, Eiichiro Ueyama (1862-1943: a pioneer farmer) from present-day Arida City invented the spiral mosquito coil. Since then, Arida City and its surroundings have become a production area for mosquito-repellent incense.

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Pottery Narushima ware Wakui kiln: About 240 years ago, Yozan Uesugi, the founder of the revitalization of the Yonezawa clan, had his vassal Seizaemon Sagara learn Soma ware and build a kiln in Narushima, Yonezawa city, as part of his policy to promote new industries in order to support the clan's finances. No gorgeous painting is used, and the work is finished only with sea urchin glaze, black glaze, and kiln transformation caused by firing in the kiln. It is said that this reflects the Uesugi clan's ethos, which emphasized simplicity and robustness. It played a major role in stabilizing the economy of the clan and continued to be fired until the middle of the Meiji era. A kiln was built in Narushima, Yonezawa City. Gorgeous painting is not used, sea rat glaze, black glaze and kiln firing. It is special to finish the work only by the kiln transformation caused by signs. This is the ethos of the Uesugi clan, who valued simplicity and robustness. Is said to reflect Economic stability of the domain. Narushima ware, which played a major role in After that, it was placed on the crockery. It becomes an abandoned kiln due to various circumstances such as The founder of Wakui Kiln, Fujio Wakui, started Nagai ware at Imaizumi in 1965, but many influential people and intellectuals in Yonezawa requested and cooperated in the revival and restoration of Narushima ware in the Yonezawa clan. After 10 years of research activities for reconstruction, Narushima ware was revived. I also visited when I was a child, but I am also distantly related to my mother's side, and now I cannot find the opportunity to go, but I would like to see when the time is right. In January 2010, it was designated as a designated art by Nagai City.

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Although it is a rare breed native to Japan, it is a cultivated variety that has been improved from wild ones, but most of them are Wase Aichi butterbur. It has long been popular as a wild vegetable in spring, but it seems that most of the products on the market are cultivated. There seems to be a difference in shape and color depending on the region. There seems to be a small outdoor type with red outer leaves and a large cultivated type with light green leaves. If it gets too big, it will taste bitter, so be careful when choosing it. Water butterbur, which is cultivated mainly in the hilly and mountainous areas of northern Gunma Prefecture, is characterized by its deep aroma and softness. In 2007, full-scale cultivation of the prefecture-grown cultivar "Haruibuki" began. Excellent agricultural products that are shipped from December are popular as products that make you feel spring. Spring Ibuki butterbur is a cultivar that has been successfully bred through crossbreeding of cultivars, which had been considered difficult. This cultivar has extremely high yields of spikes compared to those native to Gunma Prefecture, and it seems to have excellent characteristics in terms of quality. In addition, Wase Aichi butterbur is triploid and sterile, making cross-breeding difficult, and the polyploidy of other cultivars has not been elucidated in detail. However, diploids also exist in cultivars, demonstrating their fertility.

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The word "Dill" is derived from the Old Anglo-Saxon word "dilla". The main ingredients are monoterpenes ((-)-carvone, limonene) and phenylpropanoids (dillapiol). It is one of the oldest aromatic and medicinal herbs cultivated in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. The seeds are used in salads and stews. , Used for sauces and soups. The young leaves are also fragrant and used as a flavoring herb in soups, sauces and pickles. The place of origin is considered to be the region extending from India to Iran, or the region from the European Mediterranean coast to southern Russia. It was cultivated as a medicinal herb in Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, and it is said that there is a record in China from around the 8th century. They came to Japan from Europe in the middle of the Edo period.

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Field peas have been cultivated outdoors since the Taisho period in the area facing Enshunada in the southern part of Higashi Mikawa. After the Toyokawa irrigation water supply in June 1968 (supplying agricultural, tap water, and industrial water to the Higashi Mikawa region of Aichi Prefecture, including the entire Atsumi Peninsula, and Kosai City, Shizuoka Prefecture), greenhouse cultivation increased and became a major item. It's becoming The main varieties currently cultivated include snow peas and garden peas. The Higashi Mikawa region, centered on Toyohashi City, has been hit by droughts many times since ancient times. In particular, the Atsumi Peninsula does not have a large river, so it seems that it was very difficult to grow crops when the drought continued. So Juichiro Kondo, a politician from Tahara City (later served as a prefectural assembly member, a member of the House of Representatives, and the mayor of Toyohashi City), decided to draw water from the Toyokawa River to this area for the sake of the suffering people. Inspired by the agricultural irrigation projects in Indonesia he visited, Oldman came up with the idea of constructing a dam in Horai Town (present-day Shinshiro City) upstream of the Toyokawa River and channeling the stored water to the Higashi-Mikawa region. Since the cooperation of the local people is essential for its realization, he persuaded the people of the plan and himself vigorously appealed to the national government. As a start, the construction work of the Toyokawa canal started as a state-owned project. In 1958, development of tap water and industrial water was added in addition to agricultural water, and in 1961 it was taken over by the Aichi Water Supply Authority. In 1968, the Aichi Waterworks Public Corporation merged with the Water Resources Development Public Corporation (reorganized into the Independent Administrative Institution Japan Water Agency in 2003), and after 20 years, the water of the Toyokawa River spread to the Atsumi Peninsula and Kosai City, Shizuoka Prefecture. It seems to have become the foundation for the development of agriculture and industry in this region. After that, in 1989, the Toyokawa Water Facility Emergency Renovation Project was started with the aim of renovating the aging facilities (completed in 1999). Completed), and in the same year, the construction work of the Toyokawa Canal 2nd Phase Project was started with the aim of further effective water use and rational water management by double-tracking the waterway, and construction is still underway.

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Global warming in recent years has had various effects on the citrus industry. It seems that the high temperature and heavy rainfall in the autumn caused the mandarin oranges to have a large number of floating skins, leading to a decline in quality. On the other hand, the average temperature in Uwajima City has risen by about 1°C over the past several decades, reaching 17.1°C, making it possible to produce blood oranges native to Italy, which until now had been difficult to produce high-quality fruits. In addition, blood oranges (variety names: Tarocco, Moro), which had been introduced only in some areas, have attracted a great deal of attention due to the growing health consciousness of consumers and the increase in demand due to the boom of Italian cuisine. Then, it seems that the momentum for increased production has increased. With the goal of becoming the nation's first blood orange production area, the extension instructors actively utilized the independent budget projects of local branch offices of the prefecture to plan, formulate, and budget for a project to establish a blood orange production area. Since 2009, the prefecture, city, JA, producers, food companies, etc. have been involved, and through collaboration with testing and research institutes, we have worked on establishing cultivation and storage technology, establishing processing technology and commercialization, and conducting PR activities for consumers and the market. Did it. Blood oranges, in particular, contain a functional ingredient called anthocyanin, the only red pigment in citrus, in the peel and pulp. In order to increase income through expansion, a processing research council was established by processed product developers, and together they have been working on the production area. As a result of this effort, the cultivated area has increased from 2.1ha in 2005 to 18ha in 2011 and the production has increased from 1.8t to 87t. We are waiting for data on the increase in production at this point. Received the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Award in the 2012 nationwide dissemination activity contest.

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It was introduced to Japan from mainland China, and in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters), the oldest historical book, there is a passage of Emperor Nintoku's love song to his empress. つぎねふ山代女の 木鍬持ち打ちし大根 根白の白腕 枕かずけばこそ 知らずとも言はめ. After that, it seems that it came to be generally produced around the Muromachi period. From the Edo period, the cultivation of daikon radish became popular. Breed improvement progressed, and preservation such as pickles and dried shavings became popular. Around this time, dried radish began to appear as a preserved food, and it was made all over the country as a measure against famine.

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Cultivation began around 1955, and sales began in 1962. In 1968, the Perilla Subcommittee was established, establishing the nation's first co-selection and co-sales system. We carry out various activities such as developing new containers (freshness-preserving film), working on "safety and security" through agricultural pest control, and PR for general consumers. As an award history of the Perilla Division, 1994 Aichi Prefecture Asahi Agriculture Award, 1995 Japan Agriculture Grand Prize.

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Tsugaru seems to have some interesting beliefs, such as torii demons and water tigers. In Tsuruta Town, there are still shrines dedicated to Torii demons and Suiko（A god in the form of a kappa. There are said to be about 80 temples and shrines enshrining Suiko-sama in the northwestern Tsugaru region）. In the Tsugaru region, there is a belief that demons are worshiped as gods, and there are said to be more than 30 shrines in four cities and three towns, mainly in the northwestern Tsugaru region, where demons are enshrined in the torii gates of shrines. The origin of enshrining demons in the Torii gate is not clear, but since all the demons so far have been in shrines near the Iwaki River, they were enshrined to prevent the river from flooding due to heavy rain. It seems that it is speculated that there is not. At the end of the year, the Motomachi Yayoi Association dedicates the Yayoi paintings, which make use of the color of the grain and are finished without coloring, to Tsuruta Hachimangu Shrine, and people who visit the New Year visit the Yayoi paintings displayed on the torii gate. While looking at the painting, it seems to be entrusting a wish to the new year. Zaruishi turnip is a Western-style red turnip with a light red skin and pink fruit. It is used for pickles such as vinegar pickles, salt pickles, and rice bran pickles. It is said that the cultivation of this plant spread because it was brought to the Kugurizaka area in Aomori Prefecture by the Heike fugitives long ago. The native variety "Tsutsui turnip'' has been cultivated in the Tsutsui district of Aomori City, Aomori Prefecture. "Toyomaki red turnip'', a red turnip that turns red when pickled, was cultivated in the Toyomaki district of Inakadate Village, Minamitsugaru County, but recently the amount of cultivation seems to be decreasing. Currently, the producers are also aging, and it seems that they only grow them for their own use or to distribute to their relatives. The seeds are sown in August and the harvest is around November.

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As for Fatsia sprouts, new shoots appear when the cherry blossoms are in bloom. Outdoor varieties are picked and shipped, but there are also producers who grow the buds in greenhouses to give them a feeling of early spring. Around December, the cut stocks are immersed in a basket filled with shallow water, and buds begin to grow. It seems that this is called lying down. Scions spread out in a container are laid down on a bed for cultivation, and water is added to the extent that the bottom of the scion is submerged. The temperature in the bed is maintained at 15-20°C during the day and around 10°C at night. It seems that you can heat it efficiently by using a heating wire. The water gets dirty as the day goes on, so change the water once or twice a week. I heard that the harvest is from January to March. Temperature control is important for greenhouses. Too warm and the buds will grow too much, too cold and they won't grow.

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The fruit character of Kinokawa City is the famous “Kinokawa Purupuru Musume”. Peach, persimmon, strawberry, kiwifruit, fig, and hassaku character, boasting one of the largest production volumes in Japan and the prefecture. The six friendly sisters, who are always playing a role in regional revitalization, are adorable. Kiwifruits are usually harvested in November, but at JA Kinosato, they are stored in a refrigerator immediately after harvesting, and are ripened before shipping so that they reach consumers when they are ready to eat. Kiwis with a sugar content of 12 degrees or more are called "ripe kiwis."

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In the prefecture, heavy rains in western Japan in July 2018 (from June 28th to around July 8th, due to the influence of the front and Typhoon No. 7, it was a record-breaking heavy rain over a wide area, mainly in western Japan. It seems that the amount of precipitation during the period exceeded 1,800 mm in some places.In particular, from July 6 to 8, heavy rain special warnings were issued for 11 prefectures in Kyushu, Shikoku, Chugoku, Kinki, and Tokai regions. Simultaneous flooding and landslides caused by river flooding occurred at the same time, and the damage to houses was extensive, with nearly 50,000 houses damaged or flooded, and 245 people died or went missing. It was the worst storm and flood damage since the Heisei era. In addition, villages were isolated due to road collapses, and lifelines were cut off due to blackouts and water outages, which had a great impact on people's lives. , Okayama Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefecture, and Ehime Prefecture suffered the most damage. Of these, 51 people died in the Oda River Basin in Mabi Town, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture, where the expected flooding area shown on the hazard map and the actual flooding area were different.), causing extensive damage such as the collapse of the garden, and it seems that it is necessary to further promote countermeasures against natural disasters in the future. Furthermore, as imports are expected to expand due to the reduction or elimination of tariffs due to the entry into force of TPP11 and the Japan-U.S. Trade Agreement, it is necessary to strengthen competitiveness by expanding varieties with high market ratings and ensuring high-quality production. In addition, it seems that it is necessary to respond to the diversification and sophistication of consumer needs in light of the further progress of aging and the progress of externalization and simplification of meals due to lifestyle changes. Especially from his 20s to his 40s, his intake is low, and since the intake is decreasing in all generations, it seems necessary to promote efforts to expand consumption. At the same time, as the domestic market shrinks due to the full-scale population decline, in order to expand exports, it is necessary to respond to residue standards and plant quarantines in export destination countries and regions, and to increase production volume to meet export expansion. It is necessary to secure In addition, it is necessary to firmly respond to concerns about the impact of the spread of epidemics on economic activity. In order to respond to these issues, in terms of production, we will promote recovery from heavy rain disasters by promoting the development of disaster-resistant infrastructure, rejuvenating excellent gardens and strengthening production infrastructure, securing and training farmers, and utilizing external labor during the busy farming season. In addition, we will strengthen production capacity by maintaining and strengthening the production area through labor saving, and in terms of distribution and sales, we will develop facilities to improve quality, introduce a wide-area fruit sorting system, reorganize facilities, etc. In addition to strengthening price formation power, it seems necessary to work on multi-channel sales including export expansion.