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AIRBUS

Blog by Mobashshar Kibriya

Airbus SE is a European multinational aerospace corporation. As of 2019, Airbus is the world's largest airliner manufacturer and took the most airliner orders. Airbus is registered in the Netherlands. Its shares are traded in France, Germany and Spain. It designs, manufactures and sells civil and military aerospace products worldwide and manufactures aircraft in the European Union and various other countries. The company has three divisions: Commercial Aircraft, Defence and Space, and Helicopters, the third being the largest in its industry in terms of revenues and turbine helicopter deliveries.

The company's main civil aeroplane business is based in Blagnac, France, a suburb of Toulouse, with production and manufacturing facilities mostly in the European Union (France, Germany, Spain) but also in China, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada. Final assembly production is based in Toulouse, France; Hamburg, Germany; Seville, Spain; Tianjin, China; Mobile, United States and Montreal, Canada. The company produces and markets the first commercially viable digital fly-by-wire airliner, the Airbus A320, and the world's largest passenger airliner, the A380. The 12,000th aircraft, an A220, was delivered to Delta Air Lines on 20 May 2019.

Airbus's registered headquarters is in Leiden, Netherlands, with the operating head office located in Toulouse. The company is led by Guillaume Faury.

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ISRO

Blog by Mobashshar Kibriya

The Indian Space Research Organisation is the space agency of the Government of India and has its headquarters in the city of Bengaluru. Its vision is to "harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research & planetary exploration".

ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April 1975. It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communications satellites and Earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January 2014, ISRO used an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLV-D5 launch of the GSAT-14.

ISRO sent a lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1, on 22 October 2008, which discovered lunar water in the form of ice and the Mars Orbiter Mission on 5 November 2013 which entered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014 making India the first nation to succeed on its maiden attempt to Mars as well as the first space agency in Asia to reach Mars orbit. On 18 June 2016, ISRO launched twenty satellites in a single vehicle and on 15 February 2017 ISRO launched one hundred and four satellites in a single rocket (PSLV-C37), a world record. ISRO launched its heaviest rocket, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV-Mk III) on 5 June 2017 and placed a communications satellite GSAT-19 in orbit. With this launch, ISRO became capable of launching 4-ton heavy satellites into GTO. On 22 July 2019, ISRO launched its second lunar mission Chandrayaan-2 to study the lunar geology and the distribution of lunar water.

 After an eventful year in space odyssey in 2019, the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) will be working on more than 25 missions in 2020, with the ambitious Gaganyan mission being the most prominent among them.

Aditya-I is India's first dedicated scientific mission to study the Sun. A 400 kg class space telescope will be inserted into a halo orbit 1.5 million km from the Earth to study the three layers of the sun — photosphere, chromosphere and corona, the outer atmosphere of the star in our solar system. The mission is aimed at developing insights on the weather in space and to understand why the outer atmosphere of the Sun is 200 times hotter than the solar disc.

 The success of Mangalyaan has prompted the space agency to send a second probe by 2024, which will do deeper studies of the Earth’s neighbour and understand the evolution of the red planet better

 ISRO plans to send a second observatory in space. It will be a follow up mission of Astrosat-1 — India's first dedicated multi-wavelength space telescope — aimed at looking at the origin of the universe and discover new planets.

SRO is planning a mission to the Earth’s “twin sister”, Venus. Both the Earth and Venus share similarities in size, mass, density, bulk composition and gravity. The space agency will fly a spacecraft around 400 km over Venus to conduct research and understand its formation, its atmosphere and its interaction with the solar wind.

ISRO and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency will send a joint mission to the Moon’s south pole. The mission includes landing a rover that will drill the Moon’s surface to conduct scientific experiments. The primary focus will be to explore the existence of water. Japan is likely to provide the rocket and a lunar rover, while India is likely to contribute with a lander for the mission. It would explore the suitability of the region for establishing a sustainable lunar base.

 Three Indian astronauts are expected to fly to space in the country’s first human space flight mission in 2021, nearly four decades after Rakesh Sharma made his journey on a Russian rocket in 1984. This time, the Russians are helping India make the space suits and train its astronauts to live in a space capsule for the week-long mission. A Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk-3, an upgraded version of the rocket that sent the Chandrayaan-2 mission to the Moon, will fly the astronauts and fighter pilots selected from the Indian Air Force to space.

India wants to have a space station up there. The station will help astronauts stay longer in space to conduct experiments. India wants to launch the space station by 2025.