mortecinas

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Linguistic Diversity Challenge - Mi’kmaq

Picture source: http://listuguj.ca/powwow/

What is the language called in English and the language itself? -The spelling of the language has varied and includes Mi’kmaq and Mi’gmaq in English, and Lnuismk, Miꞌkmawiꞌsimk, and Miꞌkmwei in the language itself. Where is the language spoken? -It was and is spoken in what’s now Maine, in the US, and Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, PEI, and parts of Quebec and Newfoundland in Canada.  How many people speak the language? -It’s spoken by around an estimated 11,000 people. Which language family does it belong to? What are some of its relative languages? -Mi’kmaq is an Eastern Algonquian language, related to Abenaki and Malecite–Passamaquoddy.  What writing system does the language use? -Currently it’s written in the Latin alphabet. Previously, it was written using Mi’kmaq hieroglyphic writing, which looks like this:

What kind of grammatical features does the language have? -Mi’kmaq is a polysynthetic language that determines word order by emphasis rather than a strict order for subjects, objects, and verbs. Things like subject and object are attached to the verb as affixes. There are three types of words: nouns, verbs, and particles. The language has two noun classes: animate and inanimate, and verbs can also be marked for animacy. Miꞌkmaq also uses a decimal numeral system.

What does the language sound like?

-Mi’kmaq is not tonal.  -Obstruents are devoiced when they appear word-initally or adjacent to another obstruent, and are consistently voiced when they appear between sonorants.  -Stops and affricates that appear word-finally may be aspirated. -Phoneme length is distinguished for both vowels and consonants; a schwa is epenthesized between long consonants and other consonants.  What do you personally find interesting about the language? -I find the animacy system really cool. Although many animate nouns seem “predictable” (such as people, animals, and spirits), it’s not always easy to guess. For example, “the calf of the leg is an animate noun while the thigh is inanimate, and a raspberry is animate while a strawberry is inanimate.” (WikiLang) Resources used to compile this post: http://listuguj.ca/directorates/listuguj-education-directorate/migmaq-language/ https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_language/Grammar https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiLang/Mi%27kmaq_Grammar https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mikmaq.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miꞌkmaq_language I used the same format as @languagesandshootingstars, who’s been creating some great content for this challenge. 

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타투이스트가 알려주는 타투 관리법의 모든 것 tattoo artist tells you everything about tattoo care

• 타투이스트 tattooist, tattoo artist • 알려주다 to tell • -는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ + N turns action verb into adjective (in this case, “관리법의 모든 것” in its entirety is the noun being referenced by the first half of the sentence) • 타투 tattoo (문신 is the native Korean word for tattoo) • 관리법 maintain, take care (관리 management, 법 way) • -의 possessive particle • 모든 것 everything (모든 all, every, acts like an adjective)

딱지가 가려워요 the scab is itchy • 딱지 scab • -이/가 subject marking particle • 가렵다 to be itchy

타투 받은 부위가 계속 가려워요. the area where I got the tattoo is constantly itchy • 받다 to receive • 부위 part, region • 계속 constantly, continuously, unceasingly

왠지 긁으면 안 될 것 같아서 안 긁고 있긴 한데 I’m not scratching because I feel like I shouldn’t, however • 왠지 somehow, for some reason • 긁다 to scratch, scrape • -(으)면 안 되다 must not (-(으)면 되다 can) • -(으)ㄹ/는/(으)ㄴ 것 같다 I think (-(으)ㄹ future, -는 present, -(으)ㄴ past) • -아/어/여서 because, and (connective verb ending used to explain reason and result, also used to say that one thing happened after the other) • 안 not • -고 있다 present progressive, to be doing something • -기는 하다 puts emphasis on action (often ending with -는/ㄴ데 which adds the meaning of “I DID/I DO/it IS but…”, 한데 is used with adjectives, 하는데 is used with verbs) you can also use other verbs besides 하다 (i.e. 보기는 봤는데…)

혹시 긁어도 되나요? by any chance, can I itch it? • 혹시 by any chance, (just) in case • -도 되다 it’s okay to, you can • -나요 used when asking a question, makes question less direct, softening it, adding nuance of “I wonder…” (-나요 is used with verbs, -(으)ㄴ가요 is used with adjectives)

긁으면 안됩니다! you cannot itch it!

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Things to write about in your target language journal

Things that happened during the day.

Describe a dream.

Talk to yourself

Talk to your future self.

Talk to your past self.

Describe someone you hate/love.

Write a little story.

Describe what did you eat during the day.

Describe why you like certain colour/food/movie/song/etc.

Do a summary from a book/movie.

Write about a country you want to visit.

Write a to do list.

Translate something.

Describe your pet.

Write about how you wished the world/your life was.

Write about the things you're doing to accomplish your objectives.

Describe your daily routine.

Describe your way to work/school and back home.

Describe your favourite mythical creature.

Talk about your favourite mythology.

Write common phrases you use everyday.

Write down some slang. Look if your language's slang exist in your target language.

Talk about what superpower you would like to have.

Write letters, it could be anyone: a living or dead person, someone you know/ don't know/ barely know/ wish to know, a famous person, a fictional/ historical character, etc.

Try to write a poem. Emphasis on the word "try".

Talk about what scares you the most.

Talk about what makes you very, very happy.

Talk about what makes you sad.

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Essential Korean Proverbs for TOPIK #1-10

1. 가는 말이 고와야 오는 말이 곱다. (What goes around comes around)

2.가재는 게 편이다. (Birds of a feather flock together)

3.갈수록 태산이다!  (Things go from bad to worse)

4.개구리 올챙이 적 생각 못 한다 (People tend to forget what they were like in the past)

5. 겉 다라고 속 다르다 (What one thinks is different from how they behave)

6.고래 싸움에 새우 등 터진다 (Powerless ones suffer when powerful ones fight)

7.공든 탑이 무너지랴 (Hard work is never wasted)

8.그림의 떡 (Impossible to reach; pie in the sky)

9.긁어 부스럼 만들다 (Let sleeping dogs lie)

10.꿩 대신 닭 (Make do with what you got)

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“english doesn’t have a vocative”

that’s what the @ sign is for

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This book is really nice to learn vocabulary and more about Korean culture! I really recommend it. The stories start off simple and get harder as you go and get more comfortable with them. I’ve really enjoyed it so far. I’m pretty sure you can get it on Amazon or if you have a Books-a-million store that’s where I got mine!🌸🌻

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Myths, Creatures, and Folklore

Want to create a religion for your fictional world? Here are some references and resources!

General:

General Folklore

Various Folktales

Heroes

Weather Folklore

Trees in Mythology

Animals in Mythology

Birds in Mythology

Flowers in Mythology

Fruit in Mythology

Plants in Mythology

Folktales from Around the World

Africa:

Egyptian Mythology

African Mythology

More African Mythology

Egyptian Gods and Goddesses

The Gods of Africa

Even More African Mythology

West African Mythology

All About African Mythology

African Mythical Creatures

Gods and Goddesses

The Americas:

Aztec Mythology

Haitian Mythology

Inca Mythology

Maya Mythology

Native American Mythology

More Inca Mythology

More Native American Mythology

South American Mythical Creatures

North American Mythical Creatures

Aztec Gods and Goddesses

Asia:

Chinese Mythology

Hindu Mythology

Japanese Mythology

Korean Mythology

More Japanese Mythology

Chinese and Japanese Mythical Creatures

Indian Mythical Creatures

Chinese Gods and Goddesses

Hindu Gods and Goddesses

Korean Gods and Goddesses

Europe:

Basque Mythology

Celtic Mythology

Etruscan Mythology

Greek Mythology

Latvian Mythology

Norse Mythology

Roman Mythology

Arthurian Legends

Bestiary

Celtic Gods and Goddesses

Gods and Goddesses of the Celtic Lands

Finnish Mythology

Celtic Mythical Creatures

Gods and Goddesses

Middle East:

Islamic Mythology

Judaic Mythology

Mesopotamian Mythology

Persian Mythology

Middle Eastern Mythical Creatures

Oceania:

Aboriginal Mythology

Polynesian Mythology

More Polynesian Mythology

Mythology of the Polynesian Islands

Melanesian Mythology

Massive Polynesian Mythology Post

Maori Mythical Creatures

Hawaiian Gods and Goddesses

Hawaiian Goddesses

Gods and Goddesses

Creating a Fantasy Religion:

Creating Part 1

Creating Part 2

Creating Part 3

Creating Part 4

Fantasy Religion Design Guide

Using Religion in Fantasy

Religion in Fantasy

Creating Fantasy Worlds

Beliefs in Fantasy

Some superstitions:

Read More

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Portuguese Verbs Masterpost (EU)

I decided to create this cheat sheet on Portuguese verbs because the most difficult part of learning romance languages for me has always been all the verb forms and conjugations. The idea was inspired by @studypuddles post on French verbs

I combed through for spelling errors & mistakes, but alas some do fall through the cracks, so let me know if you see anything!

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not every single long sentence is a song title by fall out boy 

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Today’s gender neutral word is

Anotherfucker

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me? not studying a language for over a month and then expecting myself to be fluent in it? its more likely than you’d think

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Is that a wug I see on this mug?

Heal Your Heart Potion

A tea spell for getting past emotional pain/exhaustion and bringing in comfort and self love -💌

Collect: a mug, vanilla black tea (or black tea and vanilla extract), cinnamon, milk (or milk substitute), honey, rose quartz and/or amethyst

Take your mug and put in your tea bag with a sprinkle of cinnamon (and vanilla extract if you’re using that)

Fill up the mug with milk and heat it to your desired temperature

Take a heaping spoonful of honey and stir it in, clockwise to bring comforting/empowering energy and counterclockwise to banish negativity and emotional pain

Charge your tea with the rose quartz and/or amethyst

Sit down with your tea

Put your hands around the mug and feel the warmth and comfort

As you’re drinking the tea slowly, imagine it healing you from the inside out; targeting your emotions, your mind and your heart, and then radiating that energy to the outside

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some of you have never made a wug joke and had your mentions be filled with “wuggi” “wuggen” “wugata” “wugapodes” “wüge” “woge” “wugose” “wuggim” “weese” “wugdem” “wugọ̄” “wuggis” “wugot” “wugwug” “wugites” “wuug” “wuggana” “wugeaux” “wugren” “woog” “wuggak” “wuxen” and it shows

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Autodescriptive Linguistic Terms

adjectival, adverbially, verbing

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Phonological natural classes and set theory

Someone posted on Reddit about being in a phonology course that was being taught through set theory:

I’m in this course of Phonological Analysis this term and the classes so far have been pretty far from what I was expecting, but I’m wondering if I just didn’t know what to expect or if my prof is doing something very unusual.[…]

The first class was a course on set theory. It was naive set theory, it wasn’t super formal, and it wasn’t axiomatic, but it was still more mathematical than most students expected (as judged by the radical drop in the number of students from the first to the second class). When set theory was assumed to be understood, he used it to define n-tuples and from n-tuples he defined strings. He also used set theory to define relations un sets and from relations he defined functions. Only when he had those did he introduce functions on sets of strings, and from that the notion of phonological rules. It took about two weeks of class to reach a point where we’re doing anything resembling Phonology.

(via Generative-Grammar)

Which got me thinking that sets would actually be a pretty interesting way of representing phonological features or natural classes. And so I made this diagram (click to zoom in). 

I think it’s a cool representation, and it was fun to make. Each symbol is enclosed in its own unique intersection of sets/features, which is good from a rule-writing perspective. Interestingly, the most logical layout for the vowels seems to resemble the vowel trapezoid quite a bit, but the only layout I could get for the consonants doesn’t at all resemble the IPA consonant chart.

Caveats: I didn’t represent length, or nasality in vowels, because basically anything can be long and all vowels can be nasalized. I also didn’t represent devoiced sonorants, again because of space. I couldn’t figure out where to put diphthongs. I didn’t even try for non-English sounds. Coronal isn’t indicated as a feature because basically everything that isn’t labial or dorsal is coronal (except vowels). This should have all the phonemes of English and some of the allophones but by no means all. The features are probably closest to those in Bruce Hayes’s Introductory Phonology, but I’m aware that people differ on which features they adopt, especially with regard to having separate back/front features. Objects in mirror may be closer than they appear. 

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The Black English gap, as one might call it, matters: It can affect people’s lives at crucial junctures. In 2007, a Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals dissent claimed that when a black woman said, in terror, “He finna shoot me,” she may have been referring to something in the past, when in fact “finna” refers to the immediate future. “Why don’t you just give me a lawyer, dog?” Warren Demesme asked the police when accused of sexual assault in 2017. The statements one makes to law enforcement after requesting a lawyer are inadmissible—but Demesme’s rights were ignored because, it was argued, he’d requested a “lawyer dog,” not an actual attorney.