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Hi Kate! I really enjoyed reading your post this week, I love how you included so many different references to make it a more engaging read. I found that one of the strongest points in your post is your emphasis on education as a key approach to nature interpretation. The way you frame education as something adaptable, able to shift based on age, learning style, and accessibility, is a really important perspective. Often, education is thought of in a very rigid way, confined to formal classroom settings, but you highlight the need for interpretation to expand beyond that. Not everyone learns in the same way, and not everyone has access to formal education, so your idea of diversifying how nature interpretation is shared is incredibly valuable.

Research supports your point about the importance of early exposure to nature. A study found that children who have more direct experiences with nature, such as outdoor play or educational programs, show a stronger willingness to engage in conservation efforts (Zhang et al., 2022). This empirical evidence reinforces how crucial it is to integrate nature education into different spaces beyond the classroom, ensuring that kids develop a connection to the environment early on.

Your passion for making sure messages "stick" and get passed on is a crucial part of interpretation. Information is only as powerful as its ability to inspire action, and your emphasis on ensuring people not only understand the message but also share it with others is what makes interpretation so impactful. What do you think is the most effective medium for making these messages last?

Reference:

Zhang, S., Zhao, W., Yu, L., & Fan, P. (2022). Effects of nature contact on children's willingness to conserve animals under rapid urbanization. People and Nature, 4(4), 1125-1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.panas.2022.101280

Unit 10 - Final Blog Post

Prompt: Describe your ethics as you develop as a nature interpreter. What beliefs do you bring? What responsibilities do you have? What approaches are most suitable for you as an individual?  

Introduction

As this is mine and our class's final blog post week, I would like to start by saying I've learned so much through not only the course but all of my peers! Reading the weekly blogs was so fun and presented a different way of learning new things, especially with the freedom of the prompts it was always so fascinating to see what directions people took it in. That being said let’s get into this week's prompt!

My Ethics

When starting this course, I was not sure what kind of interpreter I wanted to be or what that truly meant. However, now I can confidently say I'm starting to find my way in this new skill of environmental interpretation, learning as I go, of course! I find ethics such a complex and interesting topic as comes from a philosophy minor it is something often discussed. What I believe is important and what I bring to interpretation is trying to open our eyes past what we are currently seeing in the media and focus on our planet! The current political state of North America is very messy, and with a potential upcoming spring federal election for Canada approaching it is now time to speak up about our climate goals. The Green Party in Canada only holds two seats, one in BC and one here in Ontario. Smaller parties are often overshadowed and with everything currently happening… who is surprised? That is why I think we as interpreters need to ensure to represent the overshadowed topics and unrepresented parties who stand with the environment because it often feels like these topics are left in the rearview mirror.

*Feel free to read up about what the Green Party supports!

                Plans – Green Party Of Canada

In Chapter 5 of the textbook, there is a section called “promoting perception”. In this section, they discuss how in the end interpreters are helping people perceive the world that surrounds them more realistically and truthfully (Beck, Cable and Knudson, 2018). This relates to my ethics well because I believe so strongly we are often taking nature for granted due to the lack of discussion surrounding important environmental topics.

TED Talk

Bjorn Lomborg: Global priorities bigger than climate change | TED Talk

                This TED Talk is titled “Global Priorities Bigger than Climate Change”, the video is about 17 minutes but it is just a good way to show, and help understand how complicated decision-making is and just shows how complex ethics is because we all may have different ‘priorities’. The overall point of the talk is to show how much goes into decision-making and outweighs the pros and cons. People do not know this, and it allows for a false understanding of how the world truly runs. If you have time, I suggest watching it because it presents a transparent and honest message of some of the hard realities.

                *Also an interesting note on the video is it was made in 2005, but even 20 years later now in 2025 the same ideas still apply and we still see this in our everyday world.

My approaches

Chousing just a certain number of approaches can be so difficult because as we have seen all semester throughout the course the multiple different ways we can interpret nature! However, I find education a great way to share my interpretations of nature with others. Education feels most effective to me as it can be modified to best suit different age levels, understanding levels and so much more. Another important factor of education that must not be forgotten is the accessibility of this education; therefore education should not be limited to school settings, bringing it into public settings such as library programs, summer camps, television segments, and books/ cartoons… the possibilities are endless. My approaches need to be something that can be shared, I want to ensure messages stick and people keep talking about what I must say/show/interpret/promote… which leads us into responsibilities.

My responsibilities

As an interpreter what makes me feel good or makes me feel like I did my part is when I feel I have truly spread a message. I feel as a nature interpreter it is one point to ensure they understand the message you are sharing but it is another thing to see they are promoting/sharing your message! I want to see that the topic stuck around in their minds, I want to see them share with friends and family. Most importantly I want to open as many eyes as I can to a bigger picture. I feel it is the responsibility of nature interpreters to help people take a step back and allow the world to care about nature as we do! We also have a responsibility to guide upcoming generations, to ensure that nature interpretation never ends. Assuring we remember to accommodate towards the different abilities and comforts of the groups we are guiding, it is important to remember you are responsible for how the message comes across, I know I need to make sure things sound as they should!

Conclusion

Overall, there is still a lot for me to learn as an interpreter, but I believe we all bring something different to the table and that is important and necessary. Sharing our ethics and skills we bring can bring like-minded people together and help further connections and friendships. I hope we all continue our interpretation skills in the future! I hope to see real change for our planet!

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D.M. (2018) Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For a Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture.

Lomborg, B. (2005). Global priorities are bigger than climate change. Bjorn Lomborg: Global priorities bigger than climate change | TED Talk. https://www.ted.com/talks/bjorn_lomborg_global_priorities_bigger_than_climate_change?referrer=playlist-the_big_picture&autoplay=true  

Our plan. Green Party Of Canada. (n.d.). https://www.greenparty.ca/en/our-plan

Party standings in the House of Commons - Members of Parliament - House of Commons of Canada. (n.d.). https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/party-standings?view=chart  

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Hello! I really like your perspective on inclusivity in nature interpretation. Your point about knowledge not being “gatekept” is so important, and I like how you go beyond just saying it, you actually consider how interpretation can create meaningful connections for different people. The way you frame interpretation as something that should spark curiosity and emotion, not just teach facts, makes your approach feel really engaging and impactful.

You argue against "dumbing down" information, which is a great point, but I think simplification can be beneficial when done thoughtfully. Beck, Cable, and Knudson (2018) emphasize that effective interpretation isn’t about reducing complexity but making information engaging and understandable. Using analogies or storytelling can make scientific concepts more accessible without losing depth. Kids, for example, don’t need simpler facts, they just need information presented in a way that makes sense to them. The same goes for people who might not have a background in environmental science. Making things more relatable doesn’t take away from the depth of the information, I believe it just makes it easier to connect with.

Overall, your reflection really captures how much you’ve grown in this course. You clearly care about making nature interpretation meaningful, and your focus on creativity and inclusivity is something that will make you a great interpreter! Finding that balance between depth and accessibility is something every interpreter has to work on, but you’re already thinking about it in a way that’s really thoughtful. As you continue exploring interpretation, how do you think your approach will evolve in the future?

Reference: Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting Cultural and Natural Heritage: For a Better World. Sagamore Publishing LLC.

[UNIT 10] Weekly Blog Post - The Journey towards becoming a Nature Interpreter

As we near the end of the ENVS*3000 Nature Interpretation course, I would like to reflect on the continuously growing knowledge I have obtained about interpretation and what it means to be a nature interpreter. Earlier in the semester, I remember mentioning that I wanted to be an educator in a natural history museum. And though I cannot say for certain that I am fully confident that I have what it takes to take on this role, I have learned a lot already.

With respect to personal ethics, I want my interpretation to be guided by various beliefs. Firstly, it goes without saying, but I believe all interpretation should be inclusive and accessible. In essence, information, especially about our natural world, should never be “gatekept”. Everyone should be able to experience a safe environment for learning, and as interpreters, we must be able to establish honest connections with our audiences. This is so important, as it gives others the space to express their own experiences and interpretations, and allows us as the interpreter to see where we can make improvements in sharing information. Though an interpreter may not be able to cater to all, we must recognize that everyone learns differently, and that should be respected. Nature interpretation should also allow people the chance to explore and become involved in conservation, as we can learn a lot from nature's connections with the rest of our ecosystems and the services it provides.

I would also like to interpret with the goal of lighting a spark in someone and inspiring others. When someone is clearly very passionate about what they do and what they are knowledgeable about, that excitement is infectious and can rub off on other people. This excitement can also be welcoming and comforting in a way. Nature creates curiosity, and being out in the environment can also heal someone’s inner child, especially if they do not have the easiest means to access nature. As children, we are encouraged to go outside and play. Sadly however, this sentiment goes forgotten as we get older and busier. So, as I develop as a nature interpreter, I would like to preserve this special feeling in my teaching.

As an interpreter that may teach to a wide variety of audiences, I have the responsibility to ensure that no information is being “dumbed down” for the sake of others, just presented in a different manner. In the case of children, they are their own interpreters with their own thoughts, personalities, and experiences (Beck et al., 2018). So, they should be treated and respected just like any other audience.

Furthermore, I have the responsibility of recognizing the privileges I have as an interpreter. I am privileged to be able to afford the education that will successfully lead me into the field of nature interpretation, I am able to speak multiple languages, which allows me to communicate knowledge to wider audiences, and I am privileged in that despite living in the city, I can still access nature in different ways. I also have the responsibility as a settler to acknowledge the Indigenous history of the lands we use to study nature. This can also relate to privilege, as I am privileged to be able to live and use their lands to educate myself and others. Overall, I must interpret with respect and sensitivity. In this way, I can encourage others to “unpack their invisible backpack” (Gallavan, 2005) and recognize the ways in which their privileges affect how they interpret and interact with nature.

I find that I have a very strong affinity for the arts, whether that would be writing or drawing and graphic design. So, I feel as though I can apply those interests and strengths into how I interpret nature to others as well. Coincidentally, this was something I was able to do through the podcast assignments and these blog posts.

I can envision myself using my graphic design skills and putting them into online content on social media (e.g. Instagram, X, etc.) about nature. On social media, there are a few environmental-focused accounts that I keep up with. These forms of content help me stay up to date with news as they provide a concise, but still detailed summary of key information, and they do not take too long to read. With respect to writing, as I have stated above, that is something I am clearly developing through these blog posts. However, I would definitely like to branch out into different forms of writing like poems, short stories, and more. I have done a ton of academic writing as a student, so I think this would be an interesting challenge to take or incorporate into teaching if I were to ever become an interpreter.

All in all, to summarize the final blog post for this semester, I wish to create a safe and inclusive learning environment for others that is rooted in respect and sensitivity. I want to encourage others to think critically about their experiences with nature and reflect on them. But most of all, I want audiences to become excited and feel passionate about seeking more knowledge and getting involved in conservation. In this way, we can continue to pass down and preserve knowledge, and protect the environment and its resources for future generations.

References

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting Cultural and Natural Heritage: For a Better World. Sagamore Publishing LLC.

Gallavan, N. P. (2005). Helping Teachers Unpack Their “Invisible Backpacks”. Multicultural Education, 13(1), 36.

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Blog #10: My Approach to Nature Interpretation: Beliefs, Responsibilities, and Methods

Personal Ethics/Beliefs as a Developing Nature Interpreter

My beliefs as a nature interpreter have evolved significantly throughout this course. Initially, I viewed interpretation as sharing information, understanding the history of the environment, conveying facts about ecosystems, species, and conservation efforts. However, I have come to understand that it is much more than that. Nature interpretation is a powerful tool for fostering a deeper connection between people and the natural world. Through this realization, I have developed the ability to effectively and confidently communicate my interpretive experiences in the field, utilizing various forms of communication to engage audiences in meaningful ways.

Interpretation is not just about relaying facts but about provoking thought and emotional connections (Beck et al., 2021, Chapter 1). This perspective has reshaped how I approach my role as an interpreter. Instead of merely presenting information, I now aim to create experiences that resonate with people on a personal level. One of the most transformative realizations I have had is that interpretation is not limited to spoken or written words, it can take many creative forms. Art and music, for instance, can serve as powerful interpretive tools. Not everyone learns best through traditional means, and sometimes, visual art or music conveys a message far more profoundly than words alone.

A mural depicting a once-thriving ecosystem now impacted by climate change can visually communicate the urgency of conservation efforts. Similarly, a piece of music inspired by natural landscapes can stir a deep emotional response, making people more receptive to environmental messages. Being able to see exactly what the artist or musician was imagining is a powerful form of communication, one that transcends language barriers and resonates universally.

Responsibilities as a Nature Interpreter

As an interpreter, I hold the responsibility of cultivating a sense of care, gratitude, and appreciation for the environment. By fostering these values, I create opportunities for meaningful conversations about conservation and sustainability. Effective interpretation should inspire stewardship and action, helping individuals recognize their role in protecting natural and cultural heritage (Beck et al., 2021, Chapter 3). For instance, observing wildlife in their natural habitat, like this buffalo grazing in Yellowstone, reminds us of the delicate balance within ecosystems and our role in preserving them.

One of the biggest challenges in conservation efforts is the widespread feeling of powerlessness, people often believe that their individual actions do not make a significant difference. I see it as my responsibility to challenge this mindset. Many people think, “I’m just one person, what can I really do?” But through effective communication and engagement, I can help them recognize that small actions, when multiplied across communities, lead to significant change. For instance, when individuals learn about the impact of reducing single-use plastics or supporting sustainable businesses, they may be more inclined to make informed decisions that collectively contribute to environmental protection.

Another crucial aspect of my responsibility as an interpreter is ensuring that the knowledge I share is accessible and inclusive. Environmental advocacy should not be limited to those with a scientific background or those already passionate about nature. Instead, it should be made relevant to diverse audiences, meeting them where they are. This is particularly important when interpreting nature for communities that may not have had extensive exposure to environmental education.

Most Suitable Approaches for My Interpretive Style

The most effective interpretive approach for me is one that emphasizes emotional and experiential engagement. Beck, Cable, and Knudson (2018, Chapter 8) highlight the importance of thematic interpretation, where messages are structured around central, meaningful themes rather than isolated facts. By crafting narratives that evoke curiosity and emotional responses, I can create more impactful and memorable experiences for my audience.

For example, rather than simply explaining the ecological significance of wetlands, I might craft a story about a particular animal that depends on this habitat, a heron that returns to the same nesting site each year, only to find its home slowly disappearing due to human encroachment. This approach allows people to form an emotional connection with the subject matter, making them more likely to care about and remember the message.

I also find the participatory approach particularly effective, as it encourages audience involvement, allowing individuals to actively engage with and reflect on their own relationship with nature. This aligns with the textbook’s emphasis on making interpretation relevant and personally meaningful (Beck et al., 2021, Chapter 9). People are more likely to care about environmental advocacy when they see how it directly affects their lives. For instance, someone who has never been interested in conservation may become more engaged when they learn how pollution in their local water supply impacts their health and community.

Research indicates that effective interpretation plays a crucial role in inspiring environmental stewardship by fostering personal connections to nature (Powell et al., 2018). For instance, a study found that interpretive programs can significantly enhance visitor satisfaction and their intentions to revisit, suggesting a deeper engagement with the environment (Powell et al., 2018). Here is the link if you would like to read more!

Additionally, I have come to appreciate the importance of adapting my interpretive methods based on the audience. Younger audiences, for example, may respond best to interactive and hands-on experiences, while older audiences may appreciate storytelling and historical context. Customizing the interpretive experience ensures that messages are more effectively received and retained.

Conclusion

My evolving beliefs and responsibilities as a nature interpreter have deepened my understanding of how to engage audiences in meaningful ways. By emphasizing care, gratitude, and sustainability, and by utilizing participatory and thematic approaches, I can effectively inspire others to appreciate and advocate for the environment. I have learned that interpretation is not merely about transferring knowledge but about creating experiences that foster emotional and intellectual connections.

As Beck, Cable, and Knudson (2018, Chapter 14) assert, the ultimate goal of interpretation is to create lasting connections that lead to action. This principle guides my developing ethical framework as an interpreter. Whether through storytelling, art, music, or interactive engagement, I strive to make environmental advocacy an accessible and compelling movement that inspires individuals to recognize their own power in shaping a more sustainable world.

As this is my final blog post for this course, I want to leave you with one last thought: here’s an infographic highlighting small, everyday actions you can take to help with conservation efforts. After all, even the smallest steps can lead to meaningful change.

How has a personal experience in nature shaped your perspective on conservation, and what role do you think interpretation plays in inspiring change?

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture.

Powell, R. B., Stern, M. J., Frensley, B. T., & Moore, D. (2018). Identifying and developing effective environmental education programs: A study of interpretation and visitor engagement in national parks. Journal of Environmental Management, 206, 877-888.

University of Bath. (2022, April 13). Climate change: Can one person really make a difference? University of Bath Climate Action Blog.

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Hey Kattrina,

This was such an engaging read! I love how your curiosity took you down a rabbit hole from studying for the DAT to pondering the intricacies of human adaptability and perception. The way you connected deep-sea creatures evolving without eyes to human physical adaptations and even cultural perspectives was such a unique approach.

The idea of environmental influence shaping not only our physical traits but also our ways of thinking is something I’ve thought about, but your post made me consider it in a new light. The comparison between your roommate’s endurance-based running background and your own sprint-focused upbringing was a great way to illustrate how even within the same species, small environmental differences lead to noticeable adaptations. And you're right, while these aren’t necessarily evolutionary changes, they show how flexible and responsive we are to our surroundings.

Your mention of tourism and interpretation really caught my attention too! It’s so true that experiencing a place as an outsider allows you to see things locals might overlook. It reminds me of how artists or photographers often capture everyday scenes in ways that make them seem extraordinary, because they’re viewing them from a fresh perspective. That mix of nature and nurture, shaping both how we physically adapt and how we perceive the world, is what makes human experience so dynamic.

Also, deep-sea creatures without eyes? Mind-blowing. It really puts into perspective how nature doesn’t waste energy on what isn’t needed. Just like us, our bodies and minds adapt, prioritize, and evolve depending on what’s necessary for survival and growth. Overall, I really enjoyed your post, as it was a very unique and refreshing perspective, almost as though you are telling a story!

The most amazing thing about nature!

Hey everyone, it’s been a while! Welcome back to my blog.

Today I want to talk about something really fascinating to me. Not sure how fascinating you all will find it but it really blows my mind to think about. 

I learned this fascinating thing while I was studying for my DAT test this summer. While studying for the biology section, a fact popped up about how dark the very deepest depths of the ocean are – like pitch black! Which then led me to a deep dive where I learned a crazy fact (that may be super obvious to most of you, but I just never thought about it).

The DEEP SEA ANIMALS who live in these pitch black areas, have evolved WITHOUT EYES…because they don’t even NEED them! These animals live in COMPLETE DARKNESS! This complete darkness begins at the Midnight Zone (1000-4000 meters deep) of the ocean and below (Scott, 2024). 

Some of these animals (who have eyes) evolved bioluminescence to be able to see which is also super cool. 

Check out this link to learn more!

The big-picture super fascinating takeaway about nature that I gathered from this wormhole I got sent into is how insane our adaptability and evolution is depending on our environment. 

Yes, I know, there are full courses on this and this maybe shouldn’t be a big realization for me at this age…but it totally was! I had never thought about it this much until this summer! A fish with no eyes, living in complete darkness!!! 

Anyway, back to interpreting this though…

When I hear something like this, it truly opens my eyes about nature itself. For example, just humankind. Comparing a bicyclist to someone who isn’t very active, the cyclist would probably have really strong quads, because they need to! Someone who’s mainly sedentary likely wouldn’t, because they don’t really need those super muscular quads. 

My roommate's family is full of marathon runners and just long distance runners in general. Since that’s the environment she grew up in, she also took part and has incredible endurance when she runs. Me on the other hand, people in my family actually liked to do sprints and quick paced sports like basketball. 

Though both of these examples aren’t necessarily evolutionary adaptations, it's just an example of how your environment can impact the way you are and act. 

Then I start thinking about how this also affects the way we interpret things. Depending on what experiences one has accumulated, this changes their perception and interpretation of what is around them. 

Not to bring up the whole nature vs. nurture debate, but I think they both truly interact with each other in a very complex way. 

If you put someone who’s whole family for generations has lived in a climate that doesn’t have much sunlight, and has lots of cold weather, and suddenly moved them somewhere tropical, it would likely take their bodies a long time to get used to it, and vice versa. 

But eventually, our bodies would be able to adapt to it. The same way the fish in the deep sea, because of its environment, adapted by using bioluminescence or even evolving without eyes to have their energy used elsewhere rather than on unnecessary sight. Crazy!!!!

These differences that we all share, even between human beings (even though we are the same species) are such an advantage. It is amazing that we have so many different perspectives and ways we interpret based on our personal upbringing and experiences. In Chapter 21 of the textbook it is stated that “we need to become more proactive in making an interpretative approach an integral part of tourism experiences” (Beck et al., 2018, p. 459). Though the context of this was that tourism is a powerful driver for the economy, I think this also ties into the fact that being able to explore a new place with a very different set of perspectives as a local person really adds new levels of depth that the locals probably hadn’t even thought of! The textbook said it well: “taking into account diversity is critical to success” (Beck et al., 2018, p. 461).

Anyways, that is all from me this week. Sorry if I sent you into a million different directions in this post. The way we are so diverse in nature and really change based on our environments is truly so fascinating, I could talk about it forever! 

Take care,

Kattrina 

References

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture.

Scott, K. (2025, January 10). Animals of the ocean depths. Oceana. https://oceana.org/blog/animals-of-the-ocean-depths/ 

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Hey Alyssa!

I really appreciate your response! You brought up such a great point about how kids today are spending less time outside, as well as how it can affect their development and overall well-being. It’s interesting to think that something as simple as playing outdoors is now rare for a lot of children. With technology taking over, outdoor play is often replaced by screens, and that shift is going to have long-term consequences on both physical and mental health.

I also agree with what you said about adults not practicing what they preach. Everyone is so focused on health, but somehow, making time for nature still feels like an afterthought. Life moves fast, and people prioritize work/productivity over slowing down and just being outside. It feels like there’s always something more “important” to do.

Your question about staying connected to nature as cities expand is so important. I think urban spaces need to adapt by adding more parks, rooftop gardens, and even green walls in buildings. Schools could also play a role by integrating outdoor learning or simply allowing more time outside, especially as the weather starts to get warmer! Workplaces could follow suit with outdoor break areas or walking meetings. Small shifts like these could help rebuild that relationship with nature, even in city life.

But the real challenge is getting people to care enough to push for these changes. Do you think society will ever take this seriously, or are we just moving too far in the other direction for it to really change?

Prompt #9: Interpret the most amazing thing you know about nature

Recently, I learned that trees have the ability to heal both the mind and body by releasing natural chemicals that trigger measurable physiological and psychological benefits! The moment you breathe in that crisp, earthy air, your body responds. Stress fades, your heart rate slows, and your mind clears. This isn’t just a feeling, it’s science!

Figure 1: Here is a picture of people on a simple walk through a forested area, which has the profound ability to strengthen our bodies, refresh our minds, and promote overall well-being.

Trees, particularly pine, cedar, cypress, spruce, fir, and oak, release airborne compounds called phytoncides, which act as a defense mechanism against pests and disease. These chemicals help trees resist harmful bacteria, fungi, and insects. For humans, exposure to phytoncides has measurable health benefits. Studies show that they boost the immune system by increasing the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that helps destroy infected or cancerous cells. They also lower cortisol levels, reducing stress and promoting a state of relaxation. This means that simply being in a forest, surrounded by trees, can actively improve immune function and help regulate the body’s stress response.

A study conducted at Nippon Medical School in Tokyo found that spending just a few hours in a forest increased NK cell activity for up to 30 days (Li, Q. et al., 2008). This suggests that the health benefits of nature extend well beyond the time spent outdoors. Another study compared the effects of walking in a forest versus walking in an urban area. Results showed that those who walked in nature had lower blood pressure and reduced stress levels, indicating that natural environments have a direct calming effect on the body (Park et al., 2010).

When phytoncides are inhaled, they activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for relaxation and recovery. This shift counteracts the constant "fight-or-flight" response triggered by daily stressors. As a result, phytoncide exposure reduces anxiety, improves mood, and enhances sleep quality. A research study found that individuals who spent time in forests had lower levels of depression and reported feeling more mentally refreshed compared to those in urban settings (Hansen et al., 2017). These effects suggest that exposure to nature is not only beneficial for short-term stress relief but may also play a role in preventing long-term mental health issues.

The benefits of spending time in nature extend beyond mental well-being to physical health improvements. A study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health found that people who spent time in the forest had lower blood pressure, reduced inflammation, and a stronger immune response (Lee et al., 2011). The combination of fresh air, lower stress levels, and increased oxygen intake supports cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of stress-related illnesses. Additionally, the slower breathing and reduced heart rate observed in forest environments help regulate the body’s autonomic functions, promoting overall physiological balance.

Even if you can’t escape to the woods, you can still bring nature’s benefits into your life. A simple walk in the park, keeping houseplants, or even listening to forest sounds can trigger some of the same calming effects.

If spending time in nature has measurable health benefits, should workplaces or schools incorporate outdoor time into daily routines? Why or why not?

References: Li, Q., Kobayashi, M., Inagaki, H., et al. (2008). A forest bathing trip increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 21(1), 117-127. ​ Environmental Health Prevention Medicine

Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., et al. (2010). The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 15(1), 18-26. ​

Hansen, M.M., Jones, R., & Tocchini, K. (2017). Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) and Nature Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 851.​

Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., et al. (2011). Effect of forest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanese male subjects. Public Health, 125(2), 93-100.

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Prompt #9: Interpret the most amazing thing you know about nature

Recently, I learned that trees have the ability to heal both the mind and body by releasing natural chemicals that trigger measurable physiological and psychological benefits! The moment you breathe in that crisp, earthy air, your body responds. Stress fades, your heart rate slows, and your mind clears. This isn’t just a feeling, it’s science!

Figure 1: Here is a picture of people on a simple walk through a forested area, which has the profound ability to strengthen our bodies, refresh our minds, and promote overall well-being.

Trees, particularly pine, cedar, cypress, spruce, fir, and oak, release airborne compounds called phytoncides, which act as a defense mechanism against pests and disease. These chemicals help trees resist harmful bacteria, fungi, and insects. For humans, exposure to phytoncides has measurable health benefits. Studies show that they boost the immune system by increasing the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, a type of white blood cell that helps destroy infected or cancerous cells. They also lower cortisol levels, reducing stress and promoting a state of relaxation. This means that simply being in a forest, surrounded by trees, can actively improve immune function and help regulate the body’s stress response.

A study conducted at Nippon Medical School in Tokyo found that spending just a few hours in a forest increased NK cell activity for up to 30 days (Li, Q. et al., 2008). This suggests that the health benefits of nature extend well beyond the time spent outdoors. Another study compared the effects of walking in a forest versus walking in an urban area. Results showed that those who walked in nature had lower blood pressure and reduced stress levels, indicating that natural environments have a direct calming effect on the body (Park et al., 2010).

When phytoncides are inhaled, they activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for relaxation and recovery. This shift counteracts the constant "fight-or-flight" response triggered by daily stressors. As a result, phytoncide exposure reduces anxiety, improves mood, and enhances sleep quality. A research study found that individuals who spent time in forests had lower levels of depression and reported feeling more mentally refreshed compared to those in urban settings (Hansen et al., 2017). These effects suggest that exposure to nature is not only beneficial for short-term stress relief but may also play a role in preventing long-term mental health issues.

The benefits of spending time in nature extend beyond mental well-being to physical health improvements. A study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health found that people who spent time in the forest had lower blood pressure, reduced inflammation, and a stronger immune response (Lee et al., 2011). The combination of fresh air, lower stress levels, and increased oxygen intake supports cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of stress-related illnesses. Additionally, the slower breathing and reduced heart rate observed in forest environments help regulate the body’s autonomic functions, promoting overall physiological balance.

Even if you can’t escape to the woods, you can still bring nature’s benefits into your life. A simple walk in the park, keeping houseplants, or even listening to forest sounds can trigger some of the same calming effects.

If spending time in nature has measurable health benefits, should workplaces or schools incorporate outdoor time into daily routines? Why or why not?

References: Li, Q., Kobayashi, M., Inagaki, H., et al. (2008). A forest bathing trip increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti-cancer proteins. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology, 21(1), 117-127. ​ Environmental Health Prevention Medicine

Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., et al. (2010). The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 15(1), 18-26. ​

Hansen, M.M., Jones, R., & Tocchini, K. (2017). Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) and Nature Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 851.​

Lee, J., Park, B.J., Tsunetsugu, Y., et al. (2011). Effect of forest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanese male subjects. Public Health, 125(2), 93-100.

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Extra Post: Technology as a Tool for Safe and Informed Nature Exploration

This week's unit on technology use in nature interpretation encouraged me to look into the positive impacts technology has on nature interpretation. Prior to this, I predominantly viewed technology as a barrier between people and nature, a distraction that pulls us away from authentic outdoor experiences. However, when used thoughtfully, it serves as a powerful tool for nature interpretation, enhancing accessibility, ensuring safety, and deepening our understanding of the environment. Rather than distancing us from nature, technology has the potential to bring people closer to it, helping us engage with the natural world in ways that were previously impossible.

This is particularly relevant for individuals with mobility limitations or those unable to travel to remote locations. For example, virtual reality (VR) experiences allow users to explore national parks, coral reefs, and protected landscapes from anywhere in the world. Beyond accessibility, technology plays a crucial role in ensuring safety during outdoor exploration. The textbook emphasizes the importance of providing visitors with accurate, real-time information to enhance their interpretive experience while minimizing risk (Beck et al., 2018, Chapter 9). Mobile apps such as GPS tracking systems and weather monitoring tools allow hikers to navigate unfamiliar terrain safely. There are also apps that allow users to visualize constellations in real-time, transforming a simple night sky observation into a fully immersive learning experience. While some may argue that relying on a phone diminishes the immersive nature of outdoor experiences, these tools empower people to explore with confidence, making the wilderness more approachable rather than intimidating. Technology can be a valuable interpretive tool, engaging audiences in new and creative ways. The textbook discusses how interpretation is most effective when it captures attention and provokes curiosity (Beck et al., 2018, Chapter 6). Digital media demonstrates that technology can make environmental education entertaining and widely accessible.

However, integrating technology into nature interpretation requires balance. The textbook warns that while technology enhances engagement, it must be used thoughtfully to avoid overshadowing the very experience it seeks to support (Beck et al., 2018, Chapter 14). Encouraging visitors to take photos can lead to deeper connections with nature, but it can definitely become a distraction if people prioritize social media over experiencing the moment. The challenge is to use technology in a way that enhances awareness rather than dulling it, making sure that the tools we rely on for safety and education do not become barriers to genuine connection.

By using technology responsibly, we are able to transform it from a perceived obstacle into an asset for nature interpretation. It allows us to experience landscapes that might otherwise be inaccessible, ensures safer exploration, and provides engaging ways to connect with the natural world. The key is not to reject technology outright but to integrate it in ways that support deeper, more meaningful interactions with nature. How do you think technology should be used in outdoor education? Are there any risks or limitations that should be considered when incorporating it into nature interpretation?

Reference:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture. (Chapters 6-14).

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Hey Zoe! I found your post this week to be a really insightful read! I really like the quote you included by Cosmo Sheldrake, it reminds us to appreciate and not take for granted the intricate and beautiful soundscapes that nature provides. It’s easy to overlook the everyday symphony around us, but when we take the time to listen, we realize how interconnected music and the natural world really are. His idea of a “wake-up call” is powerful because it not only highlights the beauty of these sounds but also serves as a reminder of what we stand to lose if we don’t protect our environment. The way Sheldrake uses his music to inspire admiration for nature is something I find incredibly moving, music has the ability to stir emotions in ways that words alone sometimes cannot.

Music moves me by creating emotional landscapes that feel almost tangible. For example, listening to upbeat music while running fills me with energy, motivation, and a sense of optimism. It’s fascinating how music can amplify emotional experiences in such a powerful way. Music carries an energy that can amplify emotions, whether it’s nostalgia, joy, or a deep sense of peace.

Music definitely influences my connection with nature. When I’m outside, I find that certain melodies or rhythms seem to match the environment, whether it’s a serene, sentimental song blending with the sound of gentle rain or a lively folk song that feels right at home on a sunny afternoon. Sometimes, nature itself provides the perfect accompaniment to music, like waves crashing in time with a beat or the wind rushing through trees in harmony with a song. These moments remind me of how deeply intertwined sound, emotion, and the natural world are.

Finding Harmony in the Wild

Music can be found everywhere in nature, if one's mind is open to listening. It can be the breeze blowing in through the tall grass, waves greeting the land, it can even be the hustle and bustle of a cityscape. Plants make excellent percussionists. Grasshoppers create harmonies. Music doesn't have to be defined by human expressionism, written on a sheet, contained by twelve notes. It can be experimental, accidental, as long as the sound evokes connection. Nature has such a great way of staying in rhythm, and all we have to do is tune into it. 

Being able to tap into your senses while you are out in nature is such a gift. In this week's readings, there was a mention of hedonic adaptation, and how over time, material things can lose value, but real life experiences can grow in value (Beck et al., 2018). I think listening to nature's music can help with creating those memories, and emotional connection, and value to the land, which is an important part about being a nature interpreter (Beck, et al., 2018). 

Music is such an expressive way of sharing and communicating information. I think that nature can be a tremendous inspiration for the arts. In my anecdotal experience, there have been many times where scenery has caused such a storm of emotions that it could only ever be expressed through art, either drawing or singing. One of my favourite pastimes during the warm summer months is to visit the local gardens, and sing to the wildlife around there. During my experiences doing that, I have found that I was also able to connect with a lot of wanderers as well. Music has a way of naturally connecting people. It is the nature of music to have this magical ability to create these unique, once in a lifetime shared moments in time. 

Photo 1: Japanese Gardens on Vancouver Island. A place that inspires music and wonder. 

Nature can be found in music because it is a great tool for sharing information to others. In nature, birds are a great example of how their vocalizations are used to communicate with others to provide information like location, threat warnings, mating calls, and more. In humans, we can also musically communicate with others to share important information. The skills of a good interpreter should communicate interesting stories in a clear way, keeping mind of tone, and with the goals of inspiring others to think critically on topics, and music can do the same. Musicians can choose chord progressions to create a mood and a tone, and tempo for the energy of the song, and those two things alone can communicate a lot of information already. Lyrics can also be poetic, and repetitive, making music an effective and catchy way to share messages with people (Beck et al., 2018). 

One of my favourite musicians is Cosmo Sheldrake. They are able to record sounds from nature, all kinds of cool samples, from bird calls, to whole underwater ecosystems, to creatures crawling in the dirt! They are then able to incorporate these amazing unique sounds into their music, and create such atmospheric soundscapes, and whimsical songs that capture my soul. He uses his music to educate people about the fascinating world of nature, like with the Tardigrade song. He also advocates for nature through his music, like with his collaborative song, Song of cedars, which was made with the sounds from the biodiverse forests of Los Cedros in Ecuador (Goodyear, 2024). His album, Wake up call, also features many recordings of animals at risk from around the world, made to inspire people. As Sheldrake explains,

“I hope that this music may serve as a wake up call: to help us become more aware of the glorious polyphonic sound worlds that surround us before many of these voices become extinct in Britain, and to remind us not to take any of these creatures and the music that they make for granted.” (Sheldrake, 2020)

When I listen to his songs, I am immersed in these beautiful sceneries, which remind me a lot of my happy place, the temperate rainforests of BC. Though the sound samples that Sheldrake uses are not native, it is the emotional impacts of the song that align with my feelings of back home, and reminds me of the love I have for the world around me. I think it is amazing that music has the power and ability to move people in such powerful ways. 

Music is a great way to spark inspiration/admiration of the natural world. It can help us create core memories, connections, and feelings. It helps with learning new content in a digestible melodic way. The combination of nature and music creates a unique opportunity to engage with a broader audience, and connect with people in a different way.

The next opportunity you have, I encourage you to take a moment, and listen to your surroundings. How many sounds can you tune into to?

How does music move you? Does music influence your connection with nature?

Work Cited: 

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage : for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

Goodyear, S., (2024). Can a forest write a song? Ecuador copyright claim puts 'rights of nature' to the test. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/ecuador-forest-song-1.7368497

Sheldrake, C., (2020). Wake up calls An album composed of recordings of endangered birds. Cosmo Sheldrake. https://www.cosmosheldrake.com/music/wake-up-calls#:~:text=Cuckoo%20Song%2C%20composed%20by%20Benjamin,the%20soundscape%20ecologist%20Bernie%20Krause

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Blog #7: Music in Nature and Nature in Music

Music is everywhere in nature. When I think of this, I remember the sound of waterfalls, the rhythm of rain, and the whispering wind in the trees, each offering a calming and relaxing atmosphere. These natural sounds create a sense of peace and tranquility, which is why people often listen to white noise or nature sounds to focus while studying or to relax before sleep. In fact, a study published in Sleep Medicine found that white noise can improve sleep by masking disruptive sounds and creating a consistent auditory backdrop, helping individuals fall asleep faster and experience fewer nighttime awakenings (Ebben, Yan, & Krieger, 2021). The idea that nature provides a soothing auditory experience is deeply ingrained in human psychology, as our ancestors relied on the sounds of their environment for survival and comfort. Whether consciously or subconsciously, we recognize the rhythmic patterns of nature as a form of music, shaping our perception of the world around us.

Similarly, nature is a prevalent theme in music. The changing seasons, landscapes, and elements of nature often inspire music artists, evoking emotions that align with the atmosphere of different times of the year. These seasonal associations create a specific mood in their music. For example, a summer morning might be reflected in upbeat, carefree melodies that symbolize warmth and adventure, while an autumn afternoon may invoke feelings of gratitude and nostalgia. Darker winter evenings often bring contemplative tones, inducing introspection and solitude, whereas springtime compositions bring optimism, embracing new beginnings and the promise of change. Research suggests that music preferences shift with the seasons, with people favoring relaxing music during colder months and more energetic music in warmer months, further emphasizing the link between nature and sound (Psychology Today, 2017). These seasonal interpretations not only resonate with listeners on a personal level but also connect them to the natural cycles of life. By infusing their work with natural imagery and elements inspired by the world around them, musicians create a bridge between human emotions and the rhythms of nature.

A song that immediately transports me to a natural landscape is Saturday Sun by Vance Joy. This has been my go-to road trip song since ninth grade, forever tied to the imagery of sunlit beaches, hot weather, and a sense of freedom. No matter if I'm with friends or family, the song encapsulates the joy of summer and the thrill of adventure. The bright, upbeat acoustic guitar combined with Vance Joy’s warm vocals evokes the feeling of driving along a coastal highway with the windows down, the salty breeze mixing with the excitement of an open road. Music has the ability to bring us back to specific moments in time, and for me, Saturday Sun is synonymous with carefree days spent outdoors, appreciating the beauty of nature. This connection between music and landscape is universal, many people associate songs with places where they have created memories, reinforcing the powerful relationship between nature and sound.

Here are some pictures from a trip to Los Angeles, the scenery captured in these images bring me the same sense of warmth and adventure that Saturday Sun by Vance Joy does!

Do you also find that certain places evoke the same emotions as specific songs, or do you experience the connection between music and nature in a different way?

References:

Ebben, M. R., Yan, P., & Krieger, A. C. (2021). The effects of white noise on sleep and duration in individuals living in a high noise environment in New York City. Sleep Medicine, 83, 256-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.031

Psychology Today. (2017). When seasons change, so do musical preferences, says science. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/head-games/201711/when-seasons-change-so-do-musical-preferences-says-science

[Vance Joy]. (2018, February 22). Saturday Sun [Video]. YouTube. [https://youtu.be/ACmxIepcjes?si=v9_ZypUwLjqF1Hoh]

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Hey Meghan! I genuinely enjoyed reading your post this week!. Your breakdown of Edward Hyams’ perspective on historical integrity is well structured, and I completely agree that history’s value comes not from its age but from the connections and lessons it gives us.

I also found your discussion of living history compelling. The idea that engaging with history on a sensory level makes it more tangible is an effective way to bridge the past and present. This reminds me of first-person historical interpretation which I discussed in my post this week. This is where actors embody historical figures to immerse audiences in the past. When done well, this technique helps people see history as a lived experience rather than just facts in a textbook.

I think most interesting part of your post was your mention of the International Coalition of Sites of Conscience (ICSC), it highlights the role of historical sites in education and social reflection. Sites like residential schools in Canada and former plantations in the U.S. are being reinterpreted to provide more accurate and ethical narratives, ensuring that past injustices are not forgotten. By shifting the focus from glorified or sanitized versions of history to honest storytelling, these sites foster dialogue, remembrance, and a deeper understanding of how the past continues to shape the present.

Do you think historical interpretation should focus more on accuracy or emotional engagement? Some argue that history should be purely factual, while others believe storytelling and emotion help people connect. I'm wondering, where do you see the balance?

Breaking Down Edward Hyams' View on Integrity and Why the Past Still Matters

Edward Hyams states in The Gifts of Interpretation, "There is no peculiar merit in ancient things, but there is merit in integrity, and integrity entails the keeping together of the parts of any whole, and if these parts are scattered throughout time, then the maintenance of integrity entails a knowledge, a memory, of ancient things.... To think, feel or act as though the past is done with, is equivalent to believing that a railway station through which our train has just passed, only existed for as long as our train was in it" (Edward Hyams, Chapter 7, The Gifts of Interpretation). His quote suggests that history is valuable not because it is old but because it provides continuity. Integrity in history means preserving connections across time, ensuring that past events remain meaningful rather than forgotten.

This is a historic railway station, symbolizing the idea that the past does not cease to exist just because we move beyond it.

The idea that "There is no peculiar merit in ancient things" suggests that objects, traditions, or buildings do not have value simply because they are old. Instead, their significance comes from the lessons and cultural identity they represent. As Beck et al. (2018) states, "Without interpretation, artifacts are merely old things, historic buildings are just old buildings, and ceremonies and festivals are merely entertainment. Interpretation breathes life and meaning into past events, architecture, and artifacts." History must be actively understood and contextualized to remain relevant. Without interpretation, historical artifacts become detached from their significance, leading to a fragmented understanding of the past.

Hyams' statement, "But there is merit in integrity, and integrity entails the keeping together of the parts of any whole" reinforces the importance of presenting history in a way that maintains its completeness. A fragmented or biased retelling distorts historical reality, which is why it is essential to approach historical interpretation with accuracy and ethical responsibility. Ensuring that history is conveyed truthfully allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the past and its impact on the present (Beck et al., 2018). If historical narratives are manipulated or selectively told, they lose their credibility and their ability to educate future generations.

Hyam's railway station metaphor reinforces the idea that history does not cease to exist once it has passed. The International Coalition of Sites of Conscience (ICSC) supports this perspective, stating its mission is to "use places of memory to engage the public in connecting past and present to envision and shape a more just and humane future" (Beck et al., 2018). This underscores the necessity of historical engagement, acknowledging past events and their impact on the present rather than treating history as something that is over and irrelevant.

Additionally, living history serves as a tool to preserve and interpret history in a tangible and immersive way. By recreating historical environments and experiences, living history allows individuals to engage with the past on a sensory level, making it more than just an abstract concept (Beck et al., 2018). This approach strengthens the connection between past and present, ensuring that historical events are not merely remembered but also experienced in a meaningful way.

Hyams' quote reminds us that history does not simply vanish once we move beyond it. The past remains with us, shaping our present and future. History holds value not in its age but in the lessons it teaches and the integrity with which it is preserved. Without historical integrity, history risks becoming fragmented and irrelevant, much like assuming a railway station ceases to exist once we pass through it.

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage for a better world. Sagamore Publishing.

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Blog #6: Significance of Acknowledging History in Nature Interpretation

"There is no peculiar merit in ancient things, but there is merit in integrity, and integrity entails the keeping together of the parts of any whole, and if these parts are scattered throughout time, then the maintenance of integrity entails a knowledge, a memory, of ancient things. … To think, feel or act as though the past is done with, is equivalent to believing that a railway station through which our train has just passed, only existed for as long as our train was in it." — Edward Hyams, Chapter 7, The Gifts of Interpretation

This quote challenges the idea that history is only a collection of distant events, irrelevant to the present. Instead, Hyams argues that history is an integral part of continuity, without an awareness of what came before, we risk losing our sense of integrity as individuals, communities, and even as stewards of the land. His metaphor of the railway station illustrates a crucial point, just because we have moved past something does not mean it ceases to exist or no longer matters.

I found that passages in the textbook from Chapter 15: Interpreting History highlight the connection between history and nature interpretation, emphasizing that every natural site has a history, just as every historical site has natural elements. For example, a national park is not just a scenic space but it holds the memories of Indigenous communities, early settlers, and the ecosystems that once thrived in undisturbed harmony (Beck et al., 2018). Recognizing this past allows us to engage with the land more meaningfully rather than treating it as a mere backdrop for recreation.

To truly grasp why history matters, I want to show you a few before-and-after visuals of landscapes. These comparisons will emphasize why looking into the past is essential, not only to understand the present but also to predict trends that shape the future.

Figure 1: Timeline of the health of the Great Barrier Reef, the entire reef has had a steep decline in health due to ocean acidification

Figure 2: Comparision of Toronto's urban area expansion between 1966 (dark pink) and 2000 (light pink)

Figure 3: Comparision of glaciers that have melted over time in Glacier National Park, Montana between 1932 (left) and 2005

The textbook discusses first-person historical interpretation, which requires immersing oneself in the experiences of those who lived in the past (Beck et al., 2018). Whether it’s wearing their clothing, using their tools, or speaking in their manner, the goal is to embody the realities of another time (Beck et al., 2018). This same principle applies to nature interpretation, we have to step beyond our present day perspective to understand the broader timeline of a place. Just as historical interpreters strive to bring the past to life through human experiences, we should approach landscapes with the same awareness, recognizing that what we see today is just one moment in a much longer story.

By looking at these before-and-after comparisons, it becomes clear that nature is not static, its past informs its present and helps us anticipate the future. Acknowledging history, whether cultural or environmental, ensures that we don’t view the past as fragmented or irrelevant but rather as a continuous thread that shapes our understanding. Nature interpretation, is about maintaining integrity, keeping the whole story together so we can appreciate where we are, where we’ve been, and where we might be headed!

Do you think there are other historical or environmental changes that should be highlighted when interpreting nature? Is there anything you feel I may have overlooked in discussing the importance of acknowledging history in landscapes?

Reference:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture.

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Hey Gil! I really enjoyed reading your post this week and the approach you took with the freedom we were given with the prompt. I like how you applied prior knowledge to the new content from the course this week. I too wrote my prompt about this article because it was such a unique take that I really agree with.

To answer your question, yes, I’ve definitely noticed how scaffolding impacts greenery in my neighborhood. Long-term construction projects often leave sidewalks and small green spaces covered in shade, making it hard for plants to thrive. Even in areas where people have tried to incorporate gardens or potted plants, the lack of sunlight and airflow under scaffolding makes it nearly impossible for them to grow properly. It also discourages people from using outdoor spaces, which affects community engagement in urban greening efforts. I find that it even deters small animals like squirrels and rabbits from entering these areas.

I really like your idea of using citizen science to track the effects of scaffolding. Crowdsourced data on light levels, air quality, and pollinator activity could be valuable in showing just how much of an impact these structures have. I also think incorporating greenery directly into scaffolding, like vertical gardens or planter boxes, could help counteract some of the negative effects. Although this definitely wouldn't be as aesthetically pleasing as a normal green space.

I would be interested in seeing how cities could possibly incentivize construction companies to adopt more eco-friendly scaffold designs.

Unit 5: How NYC’s Scaffolding Blocks Green Initiatives

For much of my education, science education (SE) focused on understanding concepts, while environmental education (EE), which emphasizes engagement and behaviour change, felt separate—often limited to extracurriculars, clubs, or field trips. This divide between knowledge and action felt like a missed opportunity. Now, in my fourth year of university, I noticed a shift in learning—from traditional classrooms to ones that included calls to action. Last semester, I took a course called Integrative Problems in Biological Science, where I explored biological issues and how an integrative approach could help solve them. I was tasked with identifying a specific problem within a larger biological issue, developing a solution, and pitching it for funding. One issue that stuck with me during the course was the ubiquity of NYC scaffolding and how it significantly hinders efforts to incorporate nature into daily life and creates obstacles for pollinators.

For every green space In NYC, there’s a looming obstacle: scaffolding. The city’s endless construction projects result in a near-constant presence of metal frames and tarps, wrapping around buildings and sidewalks, blocking sunlight, and limiting access to vital outdoor spaces. While scaffolding is essential for safety and urban renewal, it also creates an often-overlooked challenge for city people trying to integrate nature into their lives. For those looking to support pollinators, grow food, or simply add a bit more greenery to their surroundings, scaffolding can be a frustrating barrier—literally. It reduces sunlight, making it difficult for plants to thrive, and often restricts rooftop and balcony access where small urban gardens might otherwise flourish. This limitation has larger implications: as cities face biodiversity loss and climate change, urban greening efforts are more important than ever. The presence of scaffolding makes it harder for everyday New Yorkers to contribute to these efforts, stalling small-scale ecological action that could otherwise be impactful.

But what if we could rethink scaffolding not just as a barrier but as an opportunity? I think citizen science provides a way for New Yorkers to document and counteract the negative environmental effects of long-term scaffolding while actively contributing to urban biodiversity research. One of the key roles of citizen science is observation—crowdsourcing data that scientists alone would never be able to gather at such a large scale. In the case of scaffolding, residents could document how these structures affect light levels, temperature, air quality, and plant health. Mobile apps like iNaturalist or NYC-specific platforms could be used to track changes in pollinator activity in areas covered by scaffolding versus open-air spaces. Participants could log which plants survive and which struggle under scaffolded conditions, creating valuable data sets for urban ecologists and city planners alike.

Furthermore, urban gardening organizations and citizen scientists could advocate for alternative designs that incorporate green elements into scaffolding itself. Imagine temporary pollinator-friendly planters installed on scaffolding or city-backed green roofs on construction sheds—solutions that could mitigate some of the ecological downsides. By engaging in citizen science, residents could provide real evidence that green-integrated scaffolding is not just a nice idea but a practical and beneficial one.

Im curious to know, have you noticed how scaffolding impacts greenery in your neighbourhood? What creative solutions do you think could help integrate nature into the built environment?

References:

Wals, A. E. J., Brody, M., Dillon, J., & Stevenson, R. B. (2014). Convergence Between Science and Environmental Education. Science, 344(6184), 583–584. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250515

Haltom, J. (2023). A story of how communities have been shaped by residents learning to garden [University of Guelph]. https://hdl.handle.net/10214/27610

Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International

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Prompt #5: Science education and the Environment

I was reading the article linked in our course Ares Reserve for Unit 5, and it has me thinking about the way we teach science and how it shapes the way we interact with the world. Specifically, I’ve been thinking about how disconnected traditional science education feels from real-world environmental challenges. We spend so much time memorizing facts, but when it comes to the most urgent issues (climate change, biodiversity loss, food security), how much of our education actually prepares us to do something about them?

The article from Science is about the convergence of science education (SE) and environmental education (EE). The authors argue that while SE focuses on knowledge and technical skills, EE is about values and behavior change. The problem is that these two fields are often treated separately when they should be deeply interconnected. At the end of the day, what’s the point of learning about the carbon cycle if we’re not also learning how our daily choices impact it?

There’s something oddly passive about how science is often taught. Environmental education is often framed as something more political or value-based, and because of that, it gets sidelined in formal education settings. But this divide is artificial, science doesn’t exist in a vacuum or independently. It’s part of how we make decisions, how policies get written, and how industries function. The authors of the article argue that if we want science education to be meaningful, it has to include the ethical and social dimensions of real-world issues.

One idea from the article that really stuck with me was the role of citizen science. Imagine if instead of just reading about ocean acidification in a textbook, students actually went to a local water source, tested its pH levels, and contributed their findings to a global database. Not only would this make science feel more real, but it would also show that individuals can actually contribute to scientific knowledge. That’s a huge mindset shift from the “science is for professionals in labs” attitude that makes people feel disconnected from it.

It also made me think about the role of technology in bridging this gap. The authors discuss how information and communications technology (ICT) can make science more accessible and interactive. Platforms like iNaturalist, where people can document biodiversity in their own communities, or NASA’s citizen science projects, where regular people help analyze satellite images, show that technology can turn passive learners into active participants. (here are some links if you're interested!!)

https://www.inaturalist.org/

https://science.nasa.gov/citizen-science/

Overall, this is what’s been on my mind over reading that article, how science education isn’t just about information but about action. I think if we actually blurred the line between science and environmental education, we’d be a lot better at preparing people for the world we live in. I understand there are limitations, such as funding, time, and resources, but this is just something interesting to think about. What do you think, should science education focus more on real-world action and problem-solving, or is it enough to understand the concepts? How has your own experience with science education shaped the way you engage with environmental issues?

Reference:

Wals, A. E. J., Brody, M., Dillon, J., & Stevenson, R. B. (2014). Convergence Between Science and Environmental Education. Science, 344(6184), 583–584.

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Extra post: Flow and the natural world

This week's course content consisted of a particularly interesting TEDtalk, and I wanted to write a little bit about what I thought of it in terms of our course content. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s concept of flow is that deep, immersive state where self-consciousness disappears and we become fully engaged in an activity. I think it resonates with so many aspects of nature interpretation. We're often disconnected from nature even when we're physically in nature, rushing through parks, hiking while listening to music, or even being on our phones while sitting outside. But when we let ourselves be fully present, the outdoors has the potential to become one of the most powerful catalysts for flow.

Listening to Csikszentmihalyi talk about flow, I immediately thought about how often that happens in nature. There are moments when I’ve completely lost track of time while hiking a new trail, adjusting to the terrain, or even struggling to catch my breath on steep hills!

Here's a picture of a steep, rainy day hike I went on in Vermont, where I would say I was in a flow state. For these few hours, I had to focus on where I take my next step so I wouldn't slip or hurt my ankle, this deep focus leads to flow.

Even something like birdwatching takes full concentration, and that level of focus is exactly what he describes as the key to flow. It’s a break from the usual distractions (emails, assignments, deadlines), and instead, you’re fully present. Csikszentmihalyi compares flow states to ancient temples and arenas, places where people escaped into a different world. But nature does the same thing. The quiet of a forest or the endless movement of the ocean pulls you into that same kind of deep, immersive experience.

This makes me think about how interpretation plays a role in helping others reach that state. When a skilled guide takes people through a landscape, not just giving facts but immersing them in the story of a place, they are helping visitors move from passive observation into active, engaged participation. A great nature interpreter doesn’t just explain what a tree is, but they make you notice how its roots mirror river patterns, how its leaves change light throughout the day, and how it connects to the ecosystem in ways you hadn’t considered before. They help create flow.

This is also deeply connected to conservation. The more time we spend in states of flow, whether through hiking, painting landscapes, or even mindfully walking through a park, the more we cultivate a sense of connection to nature. And that connection is what makes people want to protect it. I'm thinking the best way to get people to care about conservation isn’t just by educating them about, it’s by helping them experience nature in a way that sparks flow and meaning. Because once someone has felt fully alive in nature, they will fight to keep that experience alive for others as well!

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Hi Biona! I genuinely enjoyed reading your post this week. I love how you emphasized that nature interpretation through art doesn’t require professional skills, it’s something we all engage in, and I agree with this. Someone doesn't necessarily have to be an artist to appreciate the world around them.

To answer your question, I absolutely think personal experiences and beliefs influence how we interpret nature through art. For example, someone who grew up near the ocean might find deep emotional meaning in a painting of waves crashing against the shore, it may remind them of their childhood or their home. While someone who grew up in a city might see it as a vacation spot or a place of luxury away from home. Our unique backgrounds shape what we see, feel, and connect with in art.

Environmental interpretation through art is also a powerful way to raise awareness about conservation. I remember seeing a point similar to this in chapter 3 of our textbook, I like how you've expanded on the material. Art does have the ability to evoke emotion, which can lead to action. A striking photograph of a deforested area or a moving wildlife documentary can inspire people to care about the environment in ways that statistics and facts alone might not. It makes issues feel more personal and urgent.

Your post is a great reminder that art isn’t just about talent, it’s about connection and perspective. Looking forward to reading more of your posts! Also, those sunset pictures are so pretty! :)

Blog 4: Nature Interpretation through Art

Hi everyone,

Welcome to my week 4 blog post!

Art plays a significant role in everyone's life, serving as a powerful outlet for self-expression. There are many forms of the arts, including painting, music, dance, and photography.

Nature Interpretation through Art

Interpreters can use various aspects of art to interpret nature. As discussed in previous weeks, everyone has their own way of interpreting and learning new information. For some individuals, interpreting nature through art might involve taking photographs, dancing, theatre, or visual arts (Beck et al.,  2018).

Before taking this course, I believed that interpreting nature through art was much more complicated than it really is or that you had be a professional in order to appreciate it. During this unit I learned that it can be as simple as capturing the vibrant colours of a sunset in a photograph. I never considered myself someone who interprets art, but, I've realized that I have been doing it for most of my life.

"You do not need to be a talented artist to be able to appreciate nature as seen through art."

Gift of Beauty

How do we interpret "the gift of beauty"? According to the textbook, this concept refers to the idea that "interpretation should instill in people the ability and desire to appreciate the beauty of their surroundings, provide spiritual upliftment, and encourage resource preservation" (Beck et al.,  2018). Ultimately, environmental interpretation through art allows an individual to develop a deeper appreciation for nature and be motivated to help conserve its beauty.

I see the "gift of beauty" in visual arts and appreciate different forms, such as photographs, films, and images in television shows (Beck et al.,  2018). When I was younger I remember my brother always watched widlife shows on National Geographic. I remember being so fascinated by how this channel was able to showcase an animals raw beauty and full range of life in the animal kingdom.

More Info if Interested!

I can always appreciate a beautiful sunset and aesthetic photos!

“Art is in the eye of the beholder, and everyone will have their own interpretation” - E. A. Bucchianeri

I wanted to include this quote because it relates to this week's blog prompt. It states that individuals can interpret the same work of art differently. Personal experiences and beliefs influence these diverse responses. This highlights how art can bring upon various feelings and thoughts in different individuals.

Let's keep the conversation going! 

Do you think that personal experiences and beliefs have a great impact on the way we interpret nature through art?

How can environmental interpretation through art be used to raise awareness about conservation?

Thanks for reading!

Biona🌳🌸🦋

References: Knudson, L.B.T.T.C.D. M. (2018). Interpreting Cultural and Natural Heritage: For a Better World. Sagamore Publishing LLC. https://sagamore.vitalsource.com/books/9781571678669

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Prompt #4: Interpreting Nature through Art

Who Am I to Interpret Nature Through Art? When I think about interpreting nature through art, what stands out to me is how it’s more about creating a connection than creating something physical. It’s an experience, a way of noticing and sharing the beauty and meaning in the world around us. Whether it’s through storytelling, reflection, or simply pausing to appreciate a moment, nature interpretation feels like an art form in how it brings people closer to the natural world and helps them see it in a new light.

Nature Interpretation: The Intangible Art

As mentioned in Chapter 3, interpretation isn’t just about providing information, it’s about meeting ones needs on different levels, from knowledge and understanding to aesthetic and even self-actualization. Interpreters help people form deeper connections with nature, making it something they not only see but truly experience. It helps us connect with it in a way that feels personal. It makes us slow down and see nature instead of just passing by it. Just like an artist uses color or composition, an interpreter uses storytelling, emotion, and perspective to shape how others see the natural world. It's fascinating to me how the variable of time is always part of that meaning. It's not just a backdrop but an active force that sculpts and transforms nature’s beauty. Whether it’s the erosion of mountains or the changing seasons, nature is constantly in motion, making every moment unique. Throughout this unit, we’ve read about how interpretation balances emotion and intellect. That balance is an art form in itself. Nature isn’t just about science, it’s also about how it makes us feel. The way trees sway, the sound of water moving, or a bird taking flight all have something to say. Interpreting nature is simply about being present and helping others see what’s already there.

That is exactly what I like most about it, there is no right or wrong answer to how one is able to view something

I've taken this picture of a starry sky, but through the art of interpretation, it becomes a map of constellations, stories, and connections that have guided humanity for centuries!

My personal Interpretation I interpret “the gift of beauty” as the ability to recognize and appreciate the details, emotions, and experiences that make something meaningful. Beauty isn’t just about appearance; it’s about the feeling a moment evokes. If I’m getting off my bus and it’s snowing, I find myself appreciating how pretty it looks, even if I wasn’t expecting to. It’s a reminder to slow down, see beyond the surface, and find value in the world around us. In nature, beauty is often fleeting, shaped by time and change, making it even more precious. It’s easy to overlook the fact that today’s fresh snow will be slush tomorrow or that the vibrant red autumn trees will be bare in just a week. The gift of beauty isn’t just in witnessing it but in sharing it, whether through words, art, or simply pointing out something others might not have noticed.

Here’s a White Admiral butterfly I would’ve missed if I hadn’t been appreciating the "gift of beauty", it flew away the very next minute!

How do you personally connect with the art of nature interpretation? I would love to know how your ideas compare and contrast with mine.

Reference:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For a better world (Revised ed.). Urbana, IL: Sagamore-Venture.

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I really enjoyed reading your post! I completely agree with your points about how privilege impacts access to and representation in nature interpretation. I wanted to expand on the idea of representation, particularly how it intersects with cultural narratives and individual experiences of nature.

You mentioned that privilege often determines whose voices are amplified in nature interpretation, and I think this is such an important point. It’s not just about who leads the tours or writes the guidebooks, it’s also about the stories we choose to tell. For example, many interpretive programs highlight the scientific or recreational value of natural spaces, but they sometimes neglect the cultural or historical significance of those places. Indigenous communities, for instance, have incredibly rich traditions and knowledge about the land, but those perspectives are often sidelined in favor of Western ecological narratives. Including these voices could make nature interpretation not only more inclusive but also far more meaningful and holistic.

I also wanted to touch on the idea of accessibility. Beyond just financial or logistical barriers, accessibility can also mean creating spaces where people feel emotionally and culturally safe. For example, someone who has never hiked before might feel intimidated by a nature program that assumes prior knowledge or experience. Offering beginner-friendly programs or creating welcoming spaces where people can ask questions without fear of judgment is crucial.

I also agree with your conclusion that nature belongs to everyone! The more we recognize and address privilege, the closer we get to creating truly inclusive and enriching experiences in the natural world.

Privilege and Nature Interpretation

When you think about nature interpretation, one probably imagines park rangers leading a group through a forest, explaining the life cycle of trees, or a tour guide showing the hidden beauty of a wetland. If we dig a little deeper, privilege plays a significant, though often overlooked, role in shaping how people experience and share the natural world.

Let’s start with a working definition of privilege. Privilege refers to unearned advantages or benefits that certain people have because of their social identity, such as race, gender, class, or ability. It’s not about guilt or blame- it’s about recognizing systemic inequalities that impact opportunities and experiences.

So, how does privilege show up in nature interpretation? Well, for starters, think about who has access to natural spaces. Many parks, conservation area, and outdoor programs require transportation, time and sometimes money to access. For someone with financial stability, a car, and weekends off, it’s a no-brainer to spend the afternoon hiking. But for someone working two jobs or relying on o public transportation, just getting to the trailhead might be out of reach. This is just an example in how a gap is created in who gets to experience nature and, by extension, who feels comfortable interpreting it.

Privilege also affects how nature is presented. Historically, many nature programs and materials have been creating predominantly through Western lens, emphasizing certain species, landscapes, and conversation approaches while overlooking Indigenous knowledge and practices. This bias can exclude rich, diverse ways of understanding the environment. For example, a nature guide might focus on the ecological role of a plant while ignoring its cultural or spiritual significance to local indigenous communities. When these perspectives are left out, it’s not just an oversight; it’s a missed opportunity to connect with broader audiences.

Representation is another key factor. Who are the people leading nature tours, writing guidebooks, or running outdoor programs? If they mostly come from privileged backgrounds, their perspectives will naturally shape the narrative. While their insights may be valuable, they may not be the whole story. For instance, someone who grew up camping every summer might have a vastly different interpretation of a forest than someone whose first experience with nature was as an adult. Both perspectives matter, but privilege often determines which voice might be amplified.

So, what can we do about it? Awareness is the first step. Acknowledging privilege doesn’t mean discounting anyone’s contributions- it can mean making space for more voices. Nature organizations can actively work to diversify their teams and collaborate with underrepresented communities to ensure their stories are told. Accessibility is another necessary area for improvement. Free or low-cost programs, partnerships with public transit, and multilingual resources can make a big difference in breaking down barriers.

By recognizing and addressing the role privilege plays, we can ensure that everyone has the chance to see themselves reflected in the stories we tell about the natural world. After all, nature belongs to everyone, and the more inclusive our interpretation, the richer our collective experiences will be.