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8 Warning Signs Of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is basically attributed to the improper intake of insulin by your body. Improper insulin functioning in the body often causes the glucose levels to accumulate in the blood, thereby increasing the blood sugar levels in the body. This leads to type 2 diabetes, whose symptoms often go unrecognized. Listed below are few warnings signs and symptoms of potential type 2 diabetes in the system.

1. Frequent urination This is basically due to the kidneys reacting towards the discharge of excess sugar levels in the blood through urination. This is marked by incessant urination coupled with longer urination duration, indicating a risk of type 2 diabetes in the body.

2. Greater thirst Frequent urination causes a lot of water discharge from the body. This reduces the optimal water levels in the body, increasing your thirst factors accordingly. If your skin often feels dry, especially your mouth and you simply can’t get to quench your thirst, there is a potential problem before you.

3. Weight loss The absence of optimal levels of glucose to your body cells causes them to age and die over a period of time. This leads to indefinite weight loss characteristics, thus redirecting you to impending risk of type 2 diabetes in your system.

4. Hunger pangs If you happen to have hunger pangs lately, this is probably due to the insulin resistance in your body. The insulin does not function well with the muscles which ultimately put a pressure on your pancreas to create more insulin, thus creating greater starvation in the body.

5. Numbed nerves Popularly called as the diabetic neuropathy, this ill condition is basically caused due to type 2 diabetes in the body. The nerve cells start to get numbed out especially in the feet, which further progress towards your upper levels of the body. This condition often turns out quite painful to the particular individual as such.

6. Infection prone health The presence of high blood sugar levels in the body often exposes the body to bacteria and fungus which invade your body creating specific infections and allergies. More importantly in women, there is one specific case of vaginal infection which might prove quite dangerous to the overall health accordingly.

7. Blurred vision The lens of the eye is usually flexible in nature. However, with high levels of blood sugar in the body, this flexibility is reduced to quite a significant extent. This often causes the optimal adjustment of the eye to the various visual effects outside, proving for a blurred vision on the overall.

8. Frequent headaches This particular symptom is definitely the most important warning sign which marks the onset of type 2 diabetes in the individual’s body. Often caused by the reaction of the various organs due to imbalanced body glucose levels, headaches are indeed a serious sign of concern.

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Understanding And Treating Diabetes In Children

Worldwide, there are 500,000 children aged under 15 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. India houses about 97,700 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus require life-long care and careful monitoring to prevent complications.

Type 1 diabetes is known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes. In this condition, the pancreas no longer produces insulin, which needs to be supplied through external sources such as injections.

Risk factors

The risk factors for type 1 diabetes include:

Family history: If parents or siblings suffer from diabetes then there is an increased risk for the child to develop type 1 diabetes. Genetic susceptibility: The presence of certain genes increase the risk of developing the condition.

Geography: The likelihood of type 1 diabetes increases with the distance from the equator. People in Finland and Sardinia have the highest risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Other risk factors include certain viral infections, low vitamin D intake, early introduction of cow’s milk, being born with jaundice, early or late introduction of cereals and gluten into the diet.

Signs and symptoms

The signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes are:

- Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss is the first symptom of type 1 diabetes. In spite of eating in excess to relieve hunger, your child may lose weight.

- Extreme hunger: You child may feel hungry even after eating.

- Fatigue: Your child may become tired and lethargic very easily.

- Blurred vision: High blood sugar levels may affect your child’s eyes and can even lead to the loss of ability to focus.

- Increased thirst and frequent urination: Due to excess sugar in the bloodstream, your child may feel thirsty. As a result, he/she may drink more water and urinate frequently.

- Yeast infection: Girls with type 1 diabetes may develop a genital yeast infection, and babies can develop diaper rash caused by yeast.

Seek your doctor’s help if you notice any of these symptoms.

Taking care of your child

Dietary changes: Usually, the child with diabetes can eat the same healthy food as everyone else. But you need to be careful and need to follow certain precautions:

- You need to include plenty of fruits and veggies along with some other types of foods as suggested by the doctor.

- You need to include healthy carbohydrate foods like beans, veggies, and whole grains if your child is taking insulin daily.

- You should instruct your child to avoid drinking sugary drinks like juice or soda as they contain many added sugars.

- You should make sure that your child regularly eats at the same time each day.

Physical health: Your child can participate in all physical activities with his/her friends and classmates. Physical activity for 60 minutes or more sometimes may cause the blood sugar levels to become too low. Here are some tips to follow to ensure your child’s safety during physical activity.

If your child is participating in a sports team:

- Make sure that the coach knows that your child has diabetes.

- Instruct your child to have candies or cookies if feeling dizzy.

- Remember to give your child a snack before playing.

- Make sure that your child wears a medical ID bracelet all times.

Care at school: Type I diabetes has to be managed 24 hours a day, even when your child is at school. You need to inform the teachers and care providers about your child’s condition.

You need to:

- create a diabetes management plan for your child

- educate the teachers how to manage a hypoglycemic episode in your child

- put a diabetes supply kit in your child’s backpack

- help your child to make healthy food choices

- create a plan for your child’s health on field trips and during and after-school activities

Understand your child’s feelings:

Emphasize independence: As a parent, you need to support and encourage your child, then he or she can take the responsibilities of managing it and this will build positive attitude and confidence.

Focus on friendship: Having fun with friends builds a sense of belongingness and confidence. Encourage your child to discuss that he/she has diabetes with his/her friends. This makes their friends feel more comfortable interacting with your child.

Rectify misconceptions: Talk to your child about the fact that people do not deserve diabetes but it just happens. If your child is feeling guilty about diabetes, offer him or her assurance that there is no reason to feel guilty.

Getting to know that your child has diabetes is quite overwhelming; keeping yourself calm and informed will result in a better environment for your child. So, you must have good knowledge about diabetes that is useful in helping your child to stay happy, healthy and active.

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MTMC is celebrating World Kidney Day 2017. World Kidney Day (WKD) is an annual global awareness and education event, held on the second Thursday in March. Every year, countless local, national and international events are organised by kidney charities, healthcare professionals, patient groups and individuals who want to make a difference. http://mtmcglobal.com/

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9 Common Health Issues Faced By Women

Reproductive health, violence against women and nutritional status are the cardinal factors that have led to the bad healthcare status of women in our country. It’s important to consider that poor health affects not only women but also has repercussions for their infants and other family members. Women in poor health are more likely to give birth to low weight infants, provide inadequate care to their children and contribute less to the household’s economy. Women’s health related issues must be addressed with absolute promptness. The health risks identified for various individuals differ based on their gender, age, BMI, etc. Women are prone to different types of health risks which vary considering age factor and the build of the body.

Listed below are top problems related to women’s health : Heart disease- It is one of the primary and the foremost health threats faced by women. The present unhealthy lifestyle coupled with uncanny healthy habits lead to heart diseases. However one can reduce the risk of heart disease with a planned diet and fitness regimes for the same.

Cancer Most important of all is the breast cancer which is highly prevalent in women. This is however not the most fatal when compared to lung cancer which takes a heavy toll on women’s health. Breastfeeding, quitting tobacco habits, and healthy lifestyle habits reduce the risk of breast and lung cancer.

Diabetes Excessive blood sugar is one essential aspect that totally governs the basic threat to women’s health. However, a regulated lifestyle and a health friendly diet should help fix it.

Kidney problems The high exposure to excessive diabetes or simply a high BP is enough to instigate severe kidney problems in women. This apparently causes body wastes to accumulate in blood thus affecting women’s health.

Blood poisoning A massive build-up of wastes in the blood and infection of the same causes severe blood poisoning and is usually contracted from other infections of the other organs of the body.

Influenza This lung ailment is contagious and is considered highly dangerous. Vaccination against the same is highly advisable to reduce the risk of exposure to fatal health issues.

Alzheimer’s disease This is a brain disorder which worsens with time and is usually a result of indeterminate stress on the mind of women. Essential women care conditions should be maintained in the surroundings to ensure that the latter is not prone to serious cases of this disease. Osteoporosis A prevalent symptom is an excruciating back pain that never goes away. Possible causes include age factors, heredity, hormonal influences, etc. This can be avoided by taking a properly planned diet and cutting down of bad habits like smoking to prevent further damage.

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MTMC MEDI-INFO wishes all Women in the world a Healthy & Happy Life today and everyday. Happy Women's Day! www.mtmcglobal.com

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7 Things You Need To Know Before A Bypass Heart Surgery

A heart surgery can be a stressful situation for everyone. Good knowledge regarding your heart’s condition, what to expect from the procedure, lowering risks of the surgery, and aftercare can help alleviate your fear.

This article explains 7 essential things that you should know before you proceed with your heart surgery.

1. What is Heart bypass surgery? Heart bypass surgery or coronary artery bypass surgery is performed to bypass one or more damaged or blocked arteries in your heart with a blood vessel graft to restore normal blood flow to the heart. It aims to create a new pathway and divert the flow of blood around a blocked or damaged artery in your heart, thus improving blood flow to your heart muscle. The blood vessel graft used in the surgery is most often taken from your leg (saphenous), arm (radial) or chest (internal thoracic or internal mammary). It is also known as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and is one of the most common types of heart surgeries done worldwide.

2. Why is it done? This surgery is performed to relieve symptoms, such as chest pain, irregular heartbeat and shortness of breath, caused by the buildup of fatty deposits or plaque in your coronary arteries. Coronary arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to your heart and these fatty deposits can block your arteries, restricting smooth blood flow. It can also cause the formation of clots or thrombosis that may lead to a heart attack. Coronary artery disease can occur due to a diet high in saturated fats, smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, uncontrolled diabetes, high blood pressure and a family history of heart disease.

3. How do you get ready for the procedure? Your doctor is the best source of information. Talk with him about: • Your disease • Why you need to go for the surgical procedure • Right time to go for the surgery • What you can expect during and after the surgery • Any medications you should avoid or any medications you need to take before the procedure • Your allergies • Family history • Any other questions you may have about your surgery

Your surgeon will give you a specific set of instructions that will help you prepare for your surgery.

4. Things you should take care of before your surgery

Plan your surgery taking into account the time of your surgery, hospital stay and recovery time, so that it doesn’t affect your work. Stop taking any drugs without the consent of your doctor, especially aspirin as it has a blood-thinning effect that may cause bleeding complications. Also, check with your doctor before stopping any medication. Quit smoking at least two weeks before the surgery. Smoking is one of the major risk factors for heart disease and also delays recovery time. Go for a dental check up as certain oral bacteria can complicate the heart surgery. Get your blood pressure and diabetes checked to see if they are in the normal range.

5. Tests done a few days before the surgery

• Complete blood count (CBC): A low blood count can warn your doctor to prepare for a blood transfusion in advance.

• Prothrombin time (PT) and thromboplastin time (PTT) values: These blood tests measure your blood’s bleeding and clotting time. These tests show altered values in presence of any bleeding or clotting disorders or if you’re on blood-thinning medications like aspirin.

• Chest X-ray: To assess the size and shape of your heart and aorta.

• Cardiac catheterization: This test is used to identify the location of blockages in your coronary arteries that will help your doctor in planning your surgery.

• Other tests, such as kidney and liver function tests to determine the health of these organs.

6. Risks associated with a bypass surgery

• Bleeding • Wound infection: More common in obese and diabetic patients • Breathing problems • Injury to blood vessels and nerves • Formation of blood clots • Irregular heartbeat • Kidney failure • Heart attack or stroke • Death

7. Recovery after your surgery

Bypass surgery requires you to stay for about a week in the hospital after the procedure for observation. Bypass surgery is an invasive procedure and may have a long recovery time. Normal recovery time ranges from four to six weeks and depends on your general health.

Take care of your incision wound and look out for any signs of redness, swelling or drainage from the wound. Your doctor may prescribe you pain medications, anti-arrhythmics, and anti-coagulants after the surgery. Avoid stress and any situation that may make you anxious. Eat a healthy and balanced diet, cut back on sugar, salt, and fats from your diet, avoid alcohol and quit smoking for a speedy recovery. Consult your doctor before resuming with your daily activities or going to work.

You must remember bypass surgery is not a procedure that cures the underlying heart disease. You need to make some lifestyle changes and follow the medications prescribed by your doctor to prevent another blockage.

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MTMC is dedicating this week to Heart disease, surgery and it's treatment in India. MTMCGLOBAL.COM  Medical Tourism in India

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Difference Between Heart Attack And Stroke

Heart attack and Stroke are both possibly fatal and lead to death. Both of these two events appear suddenly without any prior warnings. These two are completely different from each other, but the difference between heart attack and stroke is not clear to many people due to the striking similarities between them. Here are the differences between heart attack and stroke based on their causes and symptoms.

Causes: Heart attack generally occurs due to the inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to the heart. The condition arises due to clots or formation of cholesterol plaque in the coronary arteries carrying blood to the heart. Without an adequate supply of the oxygenated blood, the heart muscles start to degenerate due to the deficiency of oxygen thereby causing a sudden heart attack.

However, a stroke is a sudden brain attack that occurs due to the inadequate supply of blood or oxygen to the brain. A stroke generally occurs due to the rupture or clogging of the artery carrying blood to the brain. The carotid arteries are responsible for carrying the blood to the brain and the building up of plaque or clot in it causes the stroke. This type of stroke is medically termed as ischemic stroke. In the case of rupturing of the carotid artery, the supply of the blood to the brain becomes inadequate and the stroke thereby caused due to this condition is known as hemorrhaging stroke.

Thus, it can be seen that both of these events occur due to the inadequate supply of oxygenated blood, the only difference being that deficiency of oxygenated blood in the heart causes heart attacks whereas the inadequate supply of blood to the brain causes strokes.

Symptoms: The symptoms of heart attack and stroke naturally vary with the age, gender, health condition and severity of the attack in the patients. Although there are a few similarities between the symptoms, they are mostly different:

Symptoms of Heart Attack:

- Euphoria - Severe aching in the upper abdomen - Spasms in the chest, back, arms, jaw or neck - Cold sweat - Nausea - Fatigue

Symptoms of Stroke:

- Euphoria - Numbness or paralysis of the one side of the body, paralysis of certain body parts and sometimes total paralysis in severe cases. - Paralysis of facial muscles thus causing drooping of one side of the face, crooked smile etc - Difficulties in speaking due to the damage of the vocal cord caused due to the sudden shock caused due to the stroke - Severe headache - Blurred vision - Loss of coordination and balance - Confusion

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Breast Cancer: Symptoms

Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells that starts in the breast tissue. About one in eight women in the United States will develop the condition in her lifetime, according to the National Institutes of Health.

It is the second most common cancer in women, after skin cancer, and in 2014 more than 232,000 U.S. women were diagnosed with the condition, according to the National Cancer Institute.

Breast cancer is most commonly diagnosed in women ages 55 to 64. The disease can also occur in men, but it is much less common: Male breast cancer accounts for less than 1 percent of all breast cancer cases, according to NCI.

Survival rates for breast cancer have increased in recent years. Between 2004 and 2010, about 89 percent of breast cancer patients lived for at least five years after their diagnosis, the NCI says.

Causes

The exact cause of breast cancer — that is, what causes breast cells to start to grow out of control — is not known. The combination of a person's genes and their environment likely plays a role in the development of the disease, according to the Mayo Clinic.

In about 5 to 10 percent of breast cancer cases, genetic mutations are linked to the disease. For example, women with mutations in the BRCA genes are at increased risk for breast cancer. Some studies show that women with mutations in the BRCA1 gene have a 50 percent to 70 percent chance of getting breast cancer by age 70, and women with mutations in the BRCA2 gene have a 40 percent to 60 percent chance, according to the Susan G. Komen Foundation, a nonprofit organization that funds breast-cancer research and advocates for patients.

Other risk factors include a family history of breast cancer, starting menstrual periods before age 12 or going through menopause after age 55, not having children, having dense breast tissue, and using hormone therapy after menopause, according to the American Cancer Society. However, most women who get breast cancer don't have any risk factors for the disease, other than their gender and age, the ACS says.

Symptoms

Not everyone with breast cancer will have symptoms before they are diagnosed. But, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, possible symptoms of the disease include:

- A lump in the breast or armpit - A thickening or swelling of the breast - Dimpling of the breast or skin irritation - Red or flaky skin in the nipple area - Nipple discharge other than breast milk

It's important to note that even these symptoms don’t necessarily mean a malignancy is present and often signal a benign condition, such as a cyst or infection.

Disclaimer:

The information provided here is for your education only. It is not intended to replace a consultation with a licensed physician. It is not to be construed as a medical advice nor is it to be used for any emergency health need you may be experiencing.

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Image Source - myhealthnewsdaily Ref- livescience

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How Do Chemotherapy Drugs Work And What Are Their Side-Effects?

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death all over the world. There are various types of cancer affecting different body parts in men and women. Each type of cancer has its own treatment options that depend on severity. Chemotherapy is one such treatment option, usually given in severe stages of cancer.

Chemotherapy refers to the use of medicines or drugs to treat cancer. The primary goal of the treatment is to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells. It is considered as a systemic therapy, which means that it affects your entire body. These drugs target the malicious cells which grow rapidly but sometimes may also affect the healthy cells. There are different types of chemotherapy.

TYPES OF CHEMOTHERAPY

There are different types of chemotherapy drugs that are used to treat cancer. They are classified based on their chemical and structural properties and the mechanism of their action on cancer cells.

Alkylating agents: These agents are more effective in the resting phase of the cell. These types of drugs are cell-cycle non-specific, and several types of these agents are used in chemotherapy treatments. They include mustard gas derivatives (mechlorethamine, ifosfamide, and chlorambucil), ethylenimines (thiotepa and hexamathylmelamine), alkyl sulfonates (busulfan), and nirosureas (carmustine, lomustine), etc.

Side effects You may experience side effects like nausea and vomiting, symptoms of anemia, infection, and bleeding.

Plant alkaloids: It is a type of chemotherapy treatment that is derived from different types of plants. These types of drugs are cell-cycle specific and attack the cells during various phases of division. They include vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, and vinorelbine), taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel), podophyllotoxins (etoposide and tenisopide), etc.

Side effect: You may experience side effects like nausea and vomiting, hair loss, mouth sores, headaches, and constipation.

Antitumor antibiotics: These are the types of chemo treatments that are made from natural substances produced by species of the soil fungus streptomyces. These drugs act during the multiple phases of the cell cycle and are considered as cell-cycle specific. There are different types of antitumor antibiotics which include anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin), chromomycin (dactinomycin and plicamycin), and miscellaneous (mitomycin and bleomycin).

Side effects The common side effects of these drugs are nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, hair loss, numbness or tingling sensation in your fingers, eye problems, skin rash, darkening or lightening of the skin, and fever, etc.

Antimetabolites: This type of chemotherapy treatment is similar to normal substances within the cell. These are cell-cycle specific and attack at a very specific phase of the cycle. They are classified into different types based on the substance they interfere. They are folic acid antagonist (methotrexate), pyrimidine antagonist (5-fluorouracil, foxuridine, etc.), purine antagonist (6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine), and adenosine deaminase inhibitor (cladribine, fludarabine, etc.).

Side effects You may experience side effects like tiredness, nausea and diarrhea, mouth sores, hair loss, abnormal liver function, anorexia, and anemia, etc.

Topoisomerase inhibitors: These drugs interfere with the action of topoisomerase enzymes. They are classified into different types which include: topoisomerase I inhibitors (irinotecan and topotecan) and topoisomerase II inhibitors (amsacrine, etoposide, etoposide phosphate, etc.)

Side effects You may experience side effects like fever, extreme weakness or tiredness, redness, and sores or ulcers in the mouth, etc.

Common uses of chemotherapeutic drugs -

Chemotherapy drugs are used to kill cancer cells. But these drugs often kill the healthy cells in the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and bloodstream. They are also used to treat diseases conditions other than cancer.

They are used to:

Control the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

Treat and control the symptoms of lupus (an autoimmune disease causes chronic inflammation and may affect any of the body)

Treat multiple sclerosis

Chemotherapy is ultimately a type of cancer treatment aimed at curing the patient. It is associated with many side effects, but can be managed effectively through medications and by following the doctor’s instruction.

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Bladder Cancer Treatment & medication -

Bladder cancer is a cancer of the lining of the bladder, a piece of muscle that has multiple layers. Bladder cancer occurs more frequently among older men, with the median age of diagnosis being 73 and the media age of death being 78, based on data collected in the United States from 2003 to 2007.

Superficial bladder cancer, which originates from the lining of the bladder, can often be treated, according to the National Cancer Institute. Based on data collected by the SEER Cancer Statistic Review between 2004 and 2010, the five-year survival rate for those with superficial bladder cancer was 96.2 percent while the overall five-year survival rate of bladder cancer was 77.4 percent.

Transurethral resection (TUR), with or without radiation therapy or chemotherapy, is one of the main treatments for superficial cancer, according to the Mayo Clinic. In this procedure, a tool with a small wire loop on the end is inserted into the bladder through a cystoscope. The tumor and the surrounding area are then burned with an electric current (fulguration) or special high-energy laser. Although the surgery has a high rate of success, patients are still advised to undergo regular cystoscopy every three months afterwards to monitor for any relapses, Samadi said.

"Bladder cancer is highly treatable if it's contained and it's in the early stage," he said. "But these superficial bladder cancers, they can recur a lot. And that's part of the reason why the follow-up has to go on for many years after that."

Segmental cystectomy, where only one part of the bladder is removed, may be used to treat invasive cancer that is low grade and has invaded only one area of the bladder wall. However, radical cystectomy, where the entire bladder is removed, is the most common type of surgery for invasive bladder cancer according to the National Cancer Institute. Some surrounding tissues, nearby lymph nodes and organs may also be removed during the procedure in order to get rid of any remaining cancerous growth. During the surgery, the surgeon will also need to reconstruct an artificial bladder and/or ureters in order to let the body store and pass urine.

"This is obviously a big operation," Samadi said. "We do them robotically now." Robotic surgery is less invasive and has less blood loss, he said.

With a robot, "I'm able to remove the bladder and build a new bladder out of small intestine," Samadi said.

In addition to surgery, patients may also undergo biologic therapy, where the bacterium Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or synthetic immune proteins are used to boost, direct or restore the body's immune response against cancer, according to the May Clinic. These treatments are often administered directly into the bladder through the urethra.

Disclaimer:

The information provided here is for your education only. It is not intended to replace a consultation with a licensed physician. It is not to be construed as a medical advice nor is it to be used for any emergency health need you may be experiencing.

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Bladder Cancer Symptoms

Bladder cancer is a cancer of the lining of the bladder, a piece of muscle that has multiple layers. Bladder cancer occurs more frequently among older men, with the median age of diagnosis being 73 and the media age of death being 78, based on data collected in the United States from 2003 to 2007.

The National Cancer Institute estimates that that there will be 74,690 new cases and 15,580 deaths from bladder cancer in the United States in 2014. About 70 to 80 percent of new diagnoses for bladder cancer are superficial, noninvasive bladder cancer, according to the National Cancer Institute. If the cancer spreads further into the muscle wall of the bladder or to nearby lymph nodes and organs, it is called invasive bladder cancer.

Risks

Smoking is the greatest risk factor for bladder cancer, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, causing approximately 30 percent of bladder cancers among women and 50 percent of bladder cancer among men.

Certain professionals, such as bus drivers and auto mechanics, leather workers and hairdressers, may also be at increased risk because of chemicals they work with, such as benzene, naphthylamine and ortho-toluidine.

Family history of bladder cancer can also increase risk, said Dr.David Samadi, the chairman of urology and chief of robotic surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.

Symptoms

Blood in the urine (hematuria) is the most common symptom of bladder cancer. It is characterized by urine that may appear dark yellow, bright red or cola-colored, according to the Mayo Clinic. However, hematuria can be intermittent, even when caused by serious disease, and its severity is not correlated to the severity of the underlying cancer.

Hematuria can indicate a number of maladies, including urinary tract infections, bladder stones, kidney stones and kidney cancer, but "a lot of times bladder cancer should be the hallmark of hematuria," Samadi told Live Science. "If they see blood in the urine, they should think bladder cancer until they rule out other things."

Other symptoms of bladder cancer may also include frequent urination, painful urination, urinary tract infection and lower back pain, Samadi said.

Diagnosis & tests

When a patient comes to the office, doctors may take a urine test to look for blood in the urine or for any abnormal cells that are shed by the bladder. Other tests include a cystoscopy — involving a long tube with a camera at the tip — that the doctor inserts into the body to see the inside of the urethra and the bladder.

"[Superficial] bladder cancer has a very typical look," Samadi said. "It has a stem. It's almost broccoli- or cauliflower-looking."

If the cancer cells are flat, it indicates that the cancer is aggressive and has a tendency to spread, he said. If invasive bladder cancer is suspected, the doctor may also order MRIs, CT scans and X-rays in order to determine if the cancer has spread to the kidneys, ureters and other internal organs.

Disclaimer:

The information provided here is for your education only. It is not intended to replace a consultation with a licensed physician. It is not to be construed as a medical advice nor is it to be used for any emergency health need you may be experiencing.

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Autism: Symptoms and Diagnosis

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects a person's ability to communicate, interact and behave appropriately with others in social situations. Approximately 1 in 68 children in the United States has autism, and the condition is about five times more common in boys than in girls, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Autism is characterized by impairments in social skills, communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior such as hand flapping and an insistence on sameness. Many children also have unusual sensory responses, and may shy away from bright lights or may not notice if their clothes are rough and twisted.

Earlier versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the American Psychiatric Association's guide for diagnosis, listed autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and childhood disintegrative disorder as separate diagnoses. In the latest edition of the DSM, however, experts combined these conditions into one group called autism spectrum disorder because they all appear to be varying degrees of the same disorder, the association reported.

Despite controversy around the subject, there is no evidence that links vaccination of a child with the development of autism, according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.

Symptoms of autism

No two people with autism are alike, but many parents notice signs of the disorder when their child does not meet certain developmental milestones, typically between 18 months and 3 years of age. For instance, the child may have problems with eye contact, responding to his or her name or engaging in imaginative play.

Caregivers may also notice that their child does not appear to enjoy engaging and interacting with others, said Mayada Elsabbagh, an assistant professor in psychiatry at McGill University in Quebec, Canada.

However, mild forms of the disorder may not become apparent until the child is older, and some people are not diagnosed until adulthood.

"They may not be detectible until the child starts reaching school age and starts having specific types of challenges that highlight some of the social and communication problems that they have," Elsabbagh told Live Science.

Diagnosis of autism

The diagnostic process is different for every person with autism. In some cases, pediatricians may use an autism screen, often a short yes-or-no survey that looks for signs of autism, to see whether a child may be at risk for the disorder. If the child screens positive, the family may receive a referral to a specialist for a diagnostic evaluation.

When diagnosing autism, specialists rely on both direct observational information and parent report data about the child's behavior, said Elsabbagh, who encouraged parents to keep a detailed developmental records of their children's growth.

"For older children, some clinicians will seek input from the child's school, peers — how they interact in the settings outside their home," she said. "What they're trying to do is compile and put together these different sources of information and integrate them to figure out if this a child with autism or, alternatively, does this child have a general developmental delay that is not specific to autism?"

A thorough team of clinicians may also diagnose additional disorders that often accompany autism, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability, epilepsy and depression, she added.

People with certain genetic disorders, such as fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex and Angelman syndrome, also tend to have autism, experts say.

Disclaimer:

The information provided here is for your education only. It is not intended to replace a consultation with a licensed physician. It is not to be construed as a medical advice nor is it to be used for any emergency health need you may be experiencing.

Image courtesy - dealwithautism.com

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Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Treatment options

Surgery is often the last resort and is advised in patients where symptoms have not settled in six weeks of conservative treatment like medication, injections and physiotherapy. The aim of the surgery is to remove the prolapsed part of the disc releasing pressure from the spinal cord. Various techniques of herniated disc surgery includes:

Discectomy removes herniated disc material that presses on thespinal cord or a nerve root.

Percutaneous discectomy is used for bulging discs and discs that have not ruptured into the spinal canal.

Laminotomyand laminectomy- ‘'Laminotomy’’ removes a portion of the thin part of the vertebrae that forms a protective arch over the spinal cord (lamina). ‘'Laminectomy’’ removes all of the lamina on selected vertebrae and also may remove thickened tissue that is narrowing the spinal canal.

Minimally Invasive Spinal (MIS) Fusion – This spinal surgery is performed to remove the lamina and the disc with introduction of graft to fuse the vertebrae. The surgery can be performed using both the anterior or posterior approaches.

The most common process used is the posterior approach, where the surgery is done from the back. The three main Posterior fusion techniques are:

i) Postero Lateral Gutter Fusion Surgery

ii) Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) Surgery

iii) Transforaminal Lumbar Inter body Fusion (TLIF) Surgery

The anterior approach involves placing the bone directly into the section between the vertebrae where the shock-absorption disc had been situated.

iv) Spinal decompression – This procedure is done torelieve spinal stenosis caused by narrowing vertebral column and compressed nerves with associated symptoms.

Visit MTMC partnered hospitals for best hospitals in india and medical toursim in India

[mtmcglobal-blog]

Global Hospitals Group, India’s most renowned healthcare services provider offering better care, cutting-edge research and advanced education to caregivers, is one of the country’s fast growing chains of Multi Super Specialty Tertiary Care Hospitals offering healthcare services of international standards. A 2000-bed Multi Super Specialty Tertiary Care facility spread across Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore and Mumbai, Global Hospitals is a pioneer in Multi-Organ Transplants including kidneys, liver, heart and lung.

[mtmcglobal-blog]

[mtmcglobal-blog]

World Cancer Day 2017

World Cancer Day is an international day marked on February 4 to raise awareness of cancer and to encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment. World Cancer Day was founded by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) to support the goals of the World Cancer Declaration, written in 2008. The primary goal of the World Cancer Day is to significantly reduce illness and death caused by cancer by 2020.

World Cancer Day targets misinformation,raises awareness, and reduces stigma. Multiple initiatives run on World Cancer Day to show support for those affected by cancer. One of these movements is #NoHairSelfie, a global movement to have "hairticipants" shave their heads either physically or virtually to show a symbol of courage for those undergoing cancer treatment.

In India, about 2.5 million people currently suffer from some form of cancer and about 7 lakh new cases are added everyday. The food we eat can affect our risk of developing cancer. According o the experts 1 out of 10 cancer cases can be prevented with the right diet. The top 5 most-diagnosed cancers in men are lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver and the top most-diagnosed cancers in women are breast, colorectal, lung, cervix, and stomach.

Under the tagline 'Together We Can', MTMC partnered with India's best Cancer care hospitals -

Cytecare Hospital -

Cytecare is led by a team of professionals with over 100+ person-years of experience in leading healthcare and life sciences businesses globally, including Asia, Africa and in India. Recognising the significant gap in quality of cancer care and use of standard, evidence-based protocols in cancer therapy in India, they saw the opportunity to bring in global best practices that is aimed at better clinical outcomes while also focusing on individual patient needs.Cytecare aims to revolutionize cancer treatment by providing personalized care through a network of cancer hospitals. The first hospital, a 150-bedded facility, is being launched in Yelahanka, Bengaluru. Best hospitals in India https://mtmcglobal.com/HospitalDetails/about-hospital/Cytecare-Hospital-Bangalore-143

HCG Hospital pan India partner -

HCG has been revolutionising the future of cancer care and helping patients achieve longer and better lives. Since its inception, it has grown to become the largest network of cancer care hospitals. HCG was launched by a dedicated group of oncologists. It is the first private centre in the country to introduce Cyclotron and PET-CT technologies. HCG also has the distinction of being one of the first centres to introduce CyberKnife technology to cancer treatment.HCG has an integrated approach to cancer care delivery. It is a combination of an experienced team of specialists and advanced technologies to ensure that patients receive the right care and treatment. Patients have access to the full range of cancer care - from prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment to rehabilitation and supportive/palliative care. The diagnostic facility at HCG is equipped with state-of-the-art imaging technologies like 3T MRI, PET-CT and SPECT. Triesta specialty laboratories provide state-of-the-art diagnostic testing with expertise in oncology testing.

https://mtmcglobal.com/HospitalDetails/about-hospital/HCG-Hospital-Bangalore-1