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Seating Arrangement:an elementary lecture in functional planning.
As we know architecture goes way too far than only designing,constructing and adding external and internal details that lead every work of art to perfection.Architects are used to think about everything related to their designs,and one of this crucial things that we will be used to think about is the seating arrangement.It usually seems a not necessary work to do,but actually passing from one culture to another,from one religion to another and from one architectural style to another we can easily understand the importance of the seating arrangement.This seating arrangements are designed according to the function,activity and site where they are positioned.The best way to understand if our seating arrangement is the right one is if someone is able to understand the whole meaning of the site just by seeing the seating part,so this mean that we have diffent seating ways in different sites.Moreover i am going to give examples about seating arragements in different spaces.To plan seat for a psychotherapist,the patient should not be in contact with the psychotherapist.In the case of schizophrenia the patient must be seated face to face with the the therapist,the purpose is to appeal to the the part of the personality he feels insecure.Next in a character analysis the patient is more exposed in relation to the therapist,gestalt therapy is a group therapy where seating arrangements are arranged in a group of chairs in front of each other.If we explain the reliogus type of arrangements we have: the catholic ,protestant and orthodox,their way of arrangements within the churches is related to their connection with the god and the way they transmit this to the their sorrounding people.Eating has also had a traditional way of seating,if we talk about primitive socieities,civilised people,they had different ways of positioning within the eating table.Then we have the French Chamber,The Presidium,the American Senate in each of these there is a spectrum of opinions front left to right.If we go beyond and talk about the seating arrangements in the universities, the seating ways are classified accoing to seminar,lecture and grade school demostrations.As well as the previous one even the theatres have a traditional way of arragemnts in different countries we have the Greek Amphitheatre,the Sheakspear’s stage,the Broadway Theatres and the Movie Theatre.Its a wrong conlusion if we conclude that architecture deals with the problems of the aesthtics,architecture is the art that deals with the human reference,and this is whats makes architecture and art and not a craft.
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Solids and Cavities in ARCHITECTURE
As we get in touch with certain works of art,our eye tries to perceive the whole view,sometimes by having a clear visual view of the object and sometimes by creating an overall visual impression of it by adding little details to our small observations.The second way of perceiving a non-clarified view,leads the viewer to become creative,as he recreates the phenomena he observes to form a complete clear image of what he has seen.The metal process that goes on in the mind of a person who observes a building in this way is very much like that which goes on in the mind of the architect when planning a building,they firstly decide about the main forms the continue by adding details.Being and architect means much more than only thinking about the details or working with the solids of a building.Instead of this all,an architect can also decide to work with the empty spaces of a building,the cavity between the solids.Spaces in architecture are born from the realtionship between objects or boundaries and from planes which define limits.This spaces can either be explicit or implicit,and all the possibilities in between.There are some elements that create solids and cavities in architecture.
Horizontal Elements:Base plane,which lies on a floor and defines a simple field of space.Elevated base plane,elevated above the ground floor.Depressed base plane,depressed into the ground floor.Overhead ground plane,it defines a volume of space between itself and the ground.
Vertical Elements:vertical linear elements,single vertical plane,L-shaped plane,parallel planes,U-shaped planes,four planes:closure.
Openings:openings with planes,openings at corners,openings between the planes.
There is also a relationship between the formal and spatial elements:space within a space,interlocking spaces,adjacent spaces,spaces linked by a common space.These formal and spatial elements are organized in different ways such as:centralized,grid,linear,clustered and radial.
Architecture as a play of forms(solids) and architecture as a play of cavities(spaces).
Different architects choose different designing ways,there are architects who firstly decide about the main forms and then about the other details,but this is not considered as a good way of designing,cuz as we know an architect must be able to think at the same time about the main forms and the spaces at the same time.(An example of a solid-based architect work is the Beauvais Cathedral.)
We need to apprehend that in order to have a good architectural work,we must consider also the empty spaces of a building-the cavity-between the solids,which is also the real aim of architecture.
So as a conclusion,we can divide architecturs into two groups:
Cavity-minded architects;
Solid-minded architects.
Consequently,we denote that different architectural periods work either with solids or cavities.In the Gothic architecture we denote an emphasis on structural forms,in the other hand we have the Renaissance in which the emphasis was on the cavities.This contrast between the love of forms and the love of cavities,as the contrast between the Gothic and Renaissance time,appears over and over.
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Aesthetics and Technology
When we think about architecture,we start to think about designing,planning,aesthetics,constructing etc.In designing a building structure aesthetics and technology are crucial.As we start planning a building we are supposed to think about its physical structure of it and then step by step we refine it until we obtain the desired building structure.To obtain the desired building physical structure we must obey some requirements and objectives.Firstly we take in consideration the aesthetic aspect,it produces an emotion of a subjective nature,which depends on the designers type.Aesthetics also effects our senses,most of people are attracted by the outer and inner appearance of the buildings which create to the viewers a more complete appearance of the buildings.
Dual investigations,it consists in builders view and in a non-technician view.As a builder it consists in the ability of understanding,evaluating and appreciating the problems of various methods of the construction,in the other hand as a non-technician it consists in the enjoyment pf the aesthetic aspect,like observing a work of art.
There is a big difference between technically perfect work and the aesthetic perfect work.Technically perfect work might not be aesthetically perfect,as we know some architects also depending in their own style give importance to technical standards and underestimate the aesthetic aspects of the buildings,meanwhile other give the same importance of the technical and aesthetic aspects.In the other hand aesthetic perfect work is perfectly completed in both aesthetic and technical aspects.
Technology,also plays an important role in architecture,but not necessarily a good technology is a sufficient condition for architecture.To define a building technology we must make use of solid materials,define spaces suited to particular functions,protect the structure from external elements.
Building correctly consists in stability of the structure and the resistance to external forces ,durability which relates to the choice of the materials,structural function of the building and economic efficiency which means maximum results with minimum means.The relationship between this 4 elements is what makes a correctly building structure.
The relationship between BUILDING TECHNOLOGY and AESTHETIC APPEARANCE are presented in buildings from the past to the present.
In different times it is denoted the relation between the aesthetic and technology in architecture.During the gothic architecture it is best seen the tie between the aesthetics and technology,mostly found in Gothic Cathedrals.During the gothic period the greatest invention are the flying buttresses.The projecting ribs clearly show the intersection of the valuts which from the cross vaulting.These ribs are not statically essential.
Bristol cathedral:the ribs are more elaborated.
Exler Cathedral:the ribs begin to assume decorative characteristics.
The kings college cathedral:the ribs become decorative elements.
Conclusion:Forerunners of the great architecture of tomorrow,the relationship between the technology and aesthetics that we found in the great buildings of the past that has remained intact.
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Colors in architecture
Colors continued to be an important element in 19th century European and American architecture.Colors were added to the buildings to create a more unique appearance of the building itself,they played a role in the architecture evolutionary process.The human eyes can see at least 7 million colors,which totally affect our perception of the world.In architecture color is used to emphasize the character of the buildings,to their form and material.
Colors are detected everywhere and in everything sorrounding is and so it is in architecture.Color has been used in architecture since in the Ancient Greek Temple which were originally colored,but the were bleached in time due to sun.The usage of colors was also evident in churches and mosques.Christian churches were made of colorful mosaics showing biblical figures and also of windows mainly known as “Rose windows” which are full of colors and by this colors they provide different colored flowings in the internal of the churches.Also mosques include colors,Islamic Architecture is known for its colorful internal and external design,mosques are made of unique magnific details which are seen all-over the mosques buildings.
The colors do also consist in their formation by matching with each other or by their tone etc:
Hue:means the same as color
Value:is how light or dark a color is
Chroma:consists of the strengthen or dominance of the hue
Tint:is the addition of white to hue
Tone:formed by the addition of grey to hue
Shade:formed by addition of black to a hue.
Colors do also have a classification,they are classified into:
Monochromatic Colors:a color scheme involving the use of o ky one hue that vary in value and intensity
Achromatic Colors:designates color perceived to have zero hue
Complementary Colors:pairs of colors that are of opposite hue.
Colors are also defined are warm and cold,warm and cold colors are so important in our life.They do change with the daylight.Our eye perceives warm and dark colors as being closer to they eye and also to define a smaller space than it really is,meanwhile cool and light colors are perceived as slightly far away.
Colors also have a psychological effect on us,they influence our mood and also how we see certain things.
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