Béla Kun, Hungarian Revolutionary and Leader of the Short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 Uncredited and Undated Photograph
“The working-class movement in Austria-Hungary previous to the risings already bore all the signs of developing revolution. The Austro-Hungarian and German papers give us only fragmentary information about the revolutionary movement which has sprung up. But even from that we can make two important deductions concerning the strength, the power of resistance, and the meaning of the revolutionary movement.
First, the strike in Hungary is not a purely local event. It is not a series of strikes embracing separate industries. It is one mass movement, bearing the stamp of the General Strike, in the sense that work has ceased everywhere, in all the most important branches of industry, transport, and mining.
Secondly, it is absolutely impossible to reduce the causes for the General Strike purely to hunger or the demand for electoral reform. The General Strike is directed against the machinery of the State — against militarism and discipline.All the demands of the strikers are connected with the question of power, and, as such, rise beyond the limits of the parliamentary State.
The movement, it cannot be doubted, will not continue on the scale of the usual mass strike, especially as it is fraught with the most deadly peril for the vital interests of a State at war…
In Budapest there is a general strike. The railwaymen have struck. Other enterprises are on the eve. The postal and telegraph employees are adopting passive resistance, which is nothing but a veiled form of strike.
The chief coal pits are also idle. According to the declaration of the Hungarian Minister for Commerce, 600 truckloads of coal per dray are wanting through the strike at Petroszeny alone. The transport crisis has reached its maximum.
The workers openly refuse to obey the orders of the administrative officials of the militarised enterprises. They threaten the commandants and officers with the fate of the colonel at Pecs, whom the soldiers killed with their rifle-butts. The repressive measures undertaken in the case of one individual workman, who had been arrested for a statement of this kind, served as the immediate cause of a strike in the largest mining district in Hungary. In Budapest, after an exchange of shots in the State railway shops, the workers sacked the office of another factory…
And from the open dictatorship of the capitalist class, it is not a long step to the open dictatorship of the proletariat.” Béla Kun, “The Revolution in Hungary” 1918
Like so many revolutionaries, Kun fled to the Soviet Union after the collapse of the Hungarian Revolution. While in the Soviet Union, he worked on behalf of the Comintern, both in Moscow and as as an undercover agent abroad. Also like so many revolutionaries, he was accused by Stalin of being a Trotskyist (he wasn’t, although in the early 20s, he and Trotsky had collaborated on revolutionary work) and was summarily executed in 1938.
Béla Kun, president of the Hungarian Soviet Republic (in a hat, carrying papers in his left hand), and Commissar for Military Affairs Tibor Számuely (in leather jacket), May Day, 1919.
can we just stop for a moment and realise how dreadfully painful could sound Marius lines
"I did not live until today
How can I live when we are parted?
Tomorrow you'll be worlds away
And yet with you, my world has started"
if it belonged to JAVERT. Especially in One Day More
just imagine Javert telling this after the moment he saw Monsieur Madeleine for the first time rising up the cart, saving man's life. that EXACT MOMENT when he realised that THIS man is someone he was waiting for soooooooooooooo long and finally felt himself alive!!!!!!!!!!
"Will we ever meet again?
I was born to be with you
And I swear I will be true"
And then, in One Day More the pain of losing his aim, his reason to live, the person that for many years was one of not-so-many close to him....... The totally unendurable pain and fear!!!!
And actually imagine these lines sang by Philip Quast