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Inappropriate Use of Plastic Packaging - Reviews, Photos - Siam Paragon

Reviewed 3 July 2018 via mobile

Siam Paragon offers all the high end brands. There are brands for clothes, shoes, bags, electronics as well as automobiles. The food court area is usually full of people. It is recommended if one is in a mood to spend loads or just likes to roam around and have a look at the expensive lifestyle.

Date of experience: June 2018

Ask sohu2000 about Siam Paragon

Thank sohu2000

Huge shopping centre with many luxurious stores. You will need a bigger budget to come here. Worth the visit still.

Date of experience: July 2018

Ask azlanooi about Siam Paragon

Thank azlanooi

Siam Paragon could easily be in Singapore! It is a large mall full of high end designer shops so if you have forgotten to order that Bentley, you can buy one here (or a Ferarri if you prefer)!

Hi friends, this shopping mall is ok for all the family members , foods are very cheap in side the Foodcourt . don’t forget to go the see world , actually you can buy the ticket from Siam center . Online promotions also available, cosmetics product price is very aggressive and affordable , buy one get one promotions are always available.all together we can have a superb and cost effective shopping experience here. Thank you  

if you are mall lovers, so maybe SIAM PARAGON has everything you need, by visiting this mall you will automatically connected to the other 3 malls located in the heart of bangko by Sky Line.

If your high End spender, this place will measure your expectations, however if you are just window shopper this complex of malls also will measured your expectations. They have many cute and awesome spots for selfie and photography, not to mention dining and lounge area are easy to find.

There has been increasing concern regarding environmental problems arising from the widespread use of petroleum-based plastic materials for packaging. Many efforts have been made to develop sustainable and biodegradable packaging materials to replace plastic products. The current review summarizes recent research progress in developing cellulose packaging materials to replace plastics used for cushioning and barrier packaging functions based on pulp fibers, cellulose nanofibers, and regenerated cellulose films to benefit from their renewability, sustainability and biodegradability. The cushioning packaging materials include molded pulp products and bio-based foams. Advanced cellulose films and paper can be good barriers for oxygen and carbon dioxide gases, as well as for water vapor. Several cellulose fiber-based packaging products have been commercialized in areas that used to be occupied solely by plastic products.

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Prospects for Replacement of Some Plastics in Packaging with Lignocellulose Materials: A Brief Review

Yanqun Su,a,b Bo Yang,b Jingang Liu,a Bo Sun,a,* Chunyu Cao,aXuejun Zou,cLutes,b and Zhibin He b,*

There has been increasing concern regarding environmental problems arising from the widespread use of petroleum-based plastic materials for packaging. Many efforts have been made to develop sustainable and biodegradable packaging materials to replace plastic products. The current review summarizes recent research progress in developing cellulose packaging materials to replace plastics used for cushioning and barrier packaging functions based on pulp fibers, cellulose nanofibers, and regenerated cellulose films to benefit from their renewability, sustainability and biodegradability. The cushioning packaging materials include molded pulp products and bio-based foams. Advanced cellulose films and paper can be good barriers for oxygen and carbon dioxide gases, as well as for water vapor. Several cellulose fiber-based packaging products have been commercialized in areas that used to be occupied solely by plastic products.

Keywords: Natural fiber; Cellulose nanofiber; Regenerated cellulose film; Cushioning packaging; Barrier performance

Contact information: a: China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Beijing, 100102 China; b: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 Canada; c: FPInnovations, Pointe Claire, Quebec, H9A 3J9 Canada;

* Corresponding authors: sunbo@cnppri.com.cn; zhe@unb.ca

INTRODUCTION

In our modern economy, packaging is playing a viable and catalytic role. Not only does it protect the contents, but it also contributes to the convenient transportation, storage, and display of products (Gutta et al. 2013). In that context, packaging is one of the fastest growing markets. The global packaging market was valued at $799 billion in 2012. It continues to grow at 4% per year, and it is expected to reach $1 trillion by 2018 (PIRA 2017).

Table 1 shows the packaging market trends. It is evident that plastic packaging has been a strongly growing product segment from 2011 to 2016, which is particularly true for flexible packaging. The growth of plastics is mainly due to its low cost, convenience to use with chemical resistance, processing possibility, transparency, strength, and so on (Khosravi-Darani and Bucci 2015; Nurul Fazita et al.2016). The properties of the synthetic polymers used in plastic materials generally are favorable with respect to the processing of films, hot sealing, printing, and integration with other materials in manufacturing operations (Bharimalla et al. 2017).

Table 1. Packaging Market Trends (Source: Pira 2011)

The wide usage of plastic packaging has caused concerns about environmental problems in the world (Greene and Tonjes 2014; Rafieian et al. 2014; Campbell et al. 2015; Attaran et al. 2017; Kuswandi 2017). Plastic packaging materials include PP (polypropylene), PET (polyester), polyethylene, polystyrene, and other petroleum-based polymers. Although most of these plastics are recyclable, in many countries post-consumer plastic packaging waste is rarely recycled because of technical and economic constraints. There are about 1 million tons of plastic waste generated annually in China, but only around 20% of it is recycled (He and Nie 2011). A major proportion of the used plastic materials end up as waste, which is either mainly deposited in landfills or contributes to litter on our roadsides, public spaces, and waterways (Gómez and Michel Jr 2013; Jambeck et al. 2015). The strain and stress of environmental balance imposed by plastic packaging materials is a driving force to develop sustainable packaging materials (Peelman et al. 2014; Scarfato et al. 2015). Natural fibers obtained from forestry and agricultural residues are renewable, completely or partially recyclable, and biodegradable (Johansson et al. 2012; Rohit and Dixit 2016). Their relatively abundant availability, absence of associated health hazards, toughness, good thermal stability, and easy surface modification, as well as satisfactory mechanical properties make them an attractive alternative for some plastic packaging materials (Azlan and David 2011; Asokan et al. 2012; Zaman et al. 2012; Zhu et al. 2014; Pan et al. 2016; Rohit and Dixit 2016). Packaging based on cellulosic fibers plays an essential role in the storage and transport of goods. In such applications, the cellulosic fibers often contribute greatly to the strength and structural stability of a package. The fibers can be used as self-standing thin films, as filler in composites, and as coating to provide high barrier properties (Ferrer et al. 2017). In addition, the fibers can be used to fabricate cushioning packaging materials, and they can serve as reinforcements in biodegradable foam (Bénézet et al. 2012; Kaisangsri et al. 2012; Ago et al. 2016) and as molded pulp products (Didone et al. 2017).

In current practices, materials based on fossil resources, mainly petroleum, hold a dominant position with respect to the preparation of barrier layers to resist the permeation of oxygen gas, water vapor, and other compounds that may affect the quality of a product (Ferrer et al.2017). Typical materials for barrier polymer films with thickness between about 10 μm and 250 μm are ethylenevinyl alcohol (EVOH), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), and polyamide (PA) (Barlow and Morgan 2013). The most widely used plastic cushioning packaging products are EPS (expanded polystyrene) and EPE (expanded polyethylene). As post-consumer waste, those polymers are difficult to reuse and recycle because of technical and economic constraints, and they can easily produce chemical contaminants during their disposal by incineration or landfilling (Greene and Tonjes 2014). The ideal solutions entail substituting for them with degradable and sustainable materials.

This review aims to give an overview of natural fibers replacing plastics for cushioning and barrier packaging as well as to provide state-of-the-art examples of cushioning and barrier packaging based on natural fibers to make clear the future prospects, challenges and research and development needs.

NATURAL FIBERS AND THEIR KEY CHARACTERISTICS

Natural fibers can be obtained from plants including wood, agriculture crops grown mainly to obtain fibers (such as flax, hemp, and sisal), and as the by-products of some crops that have other primary uses (such as wheat, corn, rice, and sugar, etc.) using appropriate physical and chemical treatments. The plants mostly consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Pectin, ash, and extractives can be found in lower quantities. The properties of fibers are different depending on the processing technologies, which affect the chemical composition and morphology of natural fibers. Therefore, the applications in packaging materials are different. The key characteristics of natural fibers have been introduced in terms of general cellulosic fibers (pulp), cellulose nanofiber, and regenerated cellulose fibers for packaging (Fig. 1).