Don't wanna be here? Send us removal request.
Statistics
We looked inside some of the posts by qupitstechsolutions and here's what we found interesting.
Average Info
Notes Per Post
2
Likes Per Post
2
Reblog Per Post
0
Reply Per Post
0
Time Between Posts
3 days
Number of Posts By Type
Text
17
Last Seen Tumblr Blogs
Fun Fact
1,644 Tumblr posts in 1 second.
Text
CSS Selector
CSS selectors are used to select the content you want to style. Selectors are the part of CSS rule set. CSS selectors select HTML elements according to its id, class, type, attribute etc.
There are several different types of selectors in CSS.
CSS Element Selector
CSS Id Selector
CSS Class Selector
CSS Universal Selector
CSS Group Selector
CSS Element Selector
The element selector selects the HTML element by name.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
p{
text-align: center;
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This style will be applied on every paragraph.</p>
<p id="para1">Me too!</p>
<p>And me!</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS Id Selector
The id selector selects the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific element. An id is always unique within the page so it is chosen to select a single, unique element.
It is written with the hash character (#), followed by the id of the element.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
#para1 {
text-align: center;
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="para1">Hello Javatpoint.com</p>
<p>This paragraph will not be affected.</p>
</body> </html>
CSS Class Selector
The class selector selects HTML elements with a specific class attribute. It is used with a period character . (full stop symbol) followed by the class name.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.center {
text-align: center;
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="center">This heading is blue and center-aligned.</h1>
<p class="center">This paragraph is blue and center-aligned.</p>
</body>
</html>
0 notes
Text
What is android?
Android is a software package and linux based operating system for mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones.
It is developed by Google and later the OHA (Open Handset Alliance). Java language is mainly used to write the android code even though other languages can be used.
The goal of android project is to create a successful real-world product that improves the mobile experience for end users.
Features of android
It is open-source.
Anyone can customize the Android Platform.
There are a lot of mobile applications that can be chosen by the consumer.
It provides many interesting features like weather details, opening screen, live RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds etc.
Android Architecture
linux kernel
native libraries (middleware),
Android Runtime
Application Framework
Applications
1) Linux kernel
It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android architecture. Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device management and resource access.
2) Native Libraries
On the top of linux kernel, their are Native libraries such as WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, C runtime library (libc) etc.
The WebKit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database, FreeType for font support, Media for playing and recording audio and video formats.
3) Android Runtime
In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile devices. It consumes less memory and provides fast performance.
4) Android Framework
On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework. Android framework includes Android API's such as UI (User Interface), telephony, resources, locations, Content Providers (data) and package managers. It provides a lot of classes and interfaces for android application development.
5) Applications
On the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications such as home, contact, settings, games, browsers are using android framework that uses android runtime and libraries. Android runtime and native libraries are using linux kernal.
0 notes
Text
What is JSON?
JSON is a file format that uses human-readable text for storing and transmitting data objects containing attribute-value pairs and arrays. JSON is used to store information in an organized and easy-to-access manner. JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. It offers a human-readable collection of data that can be accessed logically.
History of JSON
Douglas Crockford specified the JSON format in the early 2000s.
The official website was launched in 2002.
In December 2005, Yahoo! starts offering some of its web services in JSON.
JSON became an ECMA international standard in 2013.
The most updated JSON format standard was published in 2017.
Features of JSON
Easy to use – JSON API offers high-level facade, which helps you to simplify commonly used use-cases.
Performance – JSON is quite fast as it consumes very less memory space, which is especially suitable for large object graphs or systems.
Free tool – JSON library is open source and free to use.
Doesn’t require to create mapping – Jackson API provides default mapping for many objects to be serialized.
Clean JSON – Creates clean, and compatible JSON result that is easy to read.
Dependency – JSON library does not require any other library for processing.
Features of JSON
Easy to use – JSON API offers high-level facade, which helps you to simplify commonly used use-cases.
Performance – JSON is quite fast as it consumes very less memory space, which is especially suitable for large object graphs or systems.
Free tool – JSON library is open source and free to use.
Doesn’t require to create mapping – Jackson API provides default mapping for many objects to be serialized.
Clean JSON – Creates clean, and compatible JSON result that is easy to read.
Dependency – JSON library does not require any other library for processing.
What is XML
XML is an extensible markup language that is designed to store data. It is popularly used for transferring data. It is case-sensitive. XML allows you to define markup elements and generate customized markup language. An element is a basic unit in the XML language. The extension of XML file is .xml.
History of XML
XML was also derived from SGML.
Version 1.0 of XML was released in February 1998.
Jan 2001:IETF Proposed Standard: XML Media Types
XML is the Extensible Markup Language.
1970: Charles Goldfarb, Ed Mosher, and Ray Lorie invented GML
The development of XML started in the year 1996 at Sun Microsystem
Features of XML
XML tags are not predefined. You need to define your customized tags.
XML was designed to carry data, not allows you to display that data.
Mark-up code of XML is easy to understand for a human.
Well, the structured format is easy to read and write from programs.
XML is an extensible markup language like HTML.
JSON Code
{
"student": [
{
"roll no": " ae1001",
"name": "ramya",
"gender": "female",
},
{
"roll no" : "ae1002",
"name": " sara",
"gender" : "male",
} ] }
XML code
<?xml version="1.0" encoding ="UTF-8"?>
<root>
<student>
<roll no>ae1001<roll no>
<name>ram</name>
<gender>male</gender>
</student>
<student>
<rollno>ae1002</roll no>
<name>harini</name>
<gender>female</gender>
</student>
</root>
0 notes
Text
Bill wise account
Maintaining details of every bill for trading accounts is possible in Tally. ERP 9 using Bill wise Details. The same powerful and convenient feature is available for tracking and managing non- trading accounts like Loans, Advances and Installment Payments etc. as well.
Using this feature, business owners can easily track bills for expenses, any installments to be paid or loan amounts to be received. ‘Bill wise Details’ hence can be used to track the details of any already made or due payments and also to generate payables or receivables reports with minimum effort.
How to activate:
Go to Gateway of Tally > Press - F11: Accounting Features > Set (Yes)to ‘Maintain Bill wise Details (for Non-Trading A/c s also).
Types of Bill wise details in Tally.ERP 9
New Reference
This is used at the time of passing sales and purchase entries which will later serve for Against reference entries to be passed under Sundry debtors and creditors ledger.
Against Reference
This reference is used when we pass receipt entries or payment entries against the references created at the time of passing of original entries such as sales and purchase.
Advance
This reference is used when any amount is received in advance for any services rendered or for any outward supplies of goods is made or when any amount is paid in advance for purchases to be made at the future date.
In other words, this type of bill wise detail is maintained where the nature of service or nature of product or terms of business demands advance receipts/ advance payments to be made and to track these when the business gets materialized at the time of raising of bill or invoice, these entries would serve as reference.
On Account
An interest receipt entry, interest payment entries uses these types of references. But apart from these, this type of reference is also used when we are unsure of as of against which bill the sum has been settled by the debtor.
So, all those types of entries are kept under this reference till the time it gets cleared as to which Invoice the sum relates to.
Benefits of maintaining Bill wise details in Tally.ERP 9
To easily maintain/generate outstanding reports of Receivables and Payables
To maintain & track Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable based on every bill
The primary benefit of this capability is the speed and ease which is enabled by Tally .ERP 9
Helps in generating Age wise analysis report for receivables and payables
New Ref : Purchase/ Sale.
Against Ref : Payment/ Receipt/ Purchase/ Sale.
Advance : Ad.Payment /Ad.Receipt.
On A/c : If You are not instructed about the transaction you have to select on A/c option.
0 notes
Text
What is CSS
Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to simplify the process of making web pages presentable.
CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page. Using CSS, you can control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background images or colors are used, layout designs,variations in display for different devices and screen sizes as well as a variety of other effects.
CSS is easy to learn and understand but it provides powerful control over the presentation of an HTML document. Most commonly, CSS is combined with the markup languages HTML or XHTML.
Advantages of CSS
CSS saves time − You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want.
Pages load faster − If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag. So less code means faster download times.
Easy maintenance − To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements in all the web pages will be updated automatically.
Superior styles to HTML − CSS has a much wider array of attributes than HTML, so you can give a far better look to your HTML page in comparison to HTML attributes.
Multiple Device Compatibility − Style sheets allow content to be optimized for more than one type of device. By using the same HTML document, different versions of a website can be presented for handheld devices such as PDAs and cell phones or for printing.
Global web standards − Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and it is being recommended to use CSS. So its a good idea to start using CSS in all the HTML pages to make them compatible to future browsers.
Why use CSS
These are the three major benefits of CSS:
1) Solves a big problem
Before CSS, tags like font, color, background style, element alignments, border and size had to be repeated on every web page. This was a very long process. For example: If you are developing a large website where fonts and color information are added on every single page, it will be become a long and expensive process. CSS was created to solve this problem.
Duration 18:10
Loaded: 19.08%
2) Saves a lot of time
CSS style definitions are saved in external CSS files so it is possible to change the entire website by changing just one file.
3) Provide more attributes
CSS provides more detailed attributes than plain HTML to define the look and feel of the website.
0 notes
Text
File Writer Class
Java FileWriter class is used to write character-oriented data to a file. It is character-oriented class which is used for file handling in java.
Import java.io.IOException;
public class demo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
Filewriter obj= new Filewriter("javafile.txt");
Writer.write("Files in java are good");
writer.close();
System.out.println("successfully writen");
}
catch(IoException e)
{
System.out.println("An error has occured");
e.printstacktrace();
}}}
1 note
·
View note
Text
Java Switch Statement
The Java switch statement executes one statement from multiple conditions. It is like if-else-if ladder statement. The switch statement works with byte, short, int, long, enum types, String and some wrapper types like Byte, Short, Int, and Long. Since Java 7, you can use strings in the switch statement.
import java.util.*;
public class switch demo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c;
Scanner scanner=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("enter first number");
a=scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("enter second number");
b=scanner.nextInt();
Char operator;
System.out.println("enter the operator +,-,*,/:");
operator=scanner.next().CharAt(0);
switch(operotor)
{
case '+':
c=a+b;
System.out.println(a +"+" + b + "=" + c);
break;
case '-':
c=a-b;
System.out.println(a + "-" + b +"=" + c);
break;
case '*':
c=a*b;
System.out.println(a + "*" + b + "= + c);
break;
case'/':
c=a/b;
System.out.println(a + "/" + b + "=" + c);
break;
}
}
}
0 notes
Text
Inventory & Order Vouchers
Inventory Vouchers
=Stock Journal (Alt+F7)
=Delivery Note (Alt+F8)
=Receipt Note (Alt+F9)
=Rejections In (Ctrl+F6)
=Rejections Out (Alt+F6)
=Physical Stock Voucher (Alt+F10)
=Purchase Order (Alt+F4)
=Sales Order (Alt+F5)
Stock Journal (Alt+F7):
Stock Journal Is A voucher in which goods that have been transferred from one godown to another godown should be recoded.
Delivery Note (Alt+F8):
Delivery Note is a voucher in which goods that have been delivered to the customer (Without an Invoice) Should be recoded.
Receipt Note (Alt+F9):
Receipt Note is a Voucher In which goods that have been received from the supplier(Without an invoice) should be recorded.
Rejections In (Ctrl+F6):
Rejection In is a voucher in which goods that have been rejected by the customer should be recorded.
Rejections Out (Alt+F6):
Rejection out is a voucher in which goods that have been rejected to the supplier should be recorded.
Physical Stock Voucher (Alt+F10):
Physical Stock is a voucher which is used to record the actual stock of a particular stock item, hence it is also known as stock adjustment voucher.
Purchase Order (Alt+F4):
Purchase Order is an order placed by a business entity with a supplier for the delivery of specified goods at a given price and at a predetermined time.
Sales Order (Alt+F5):
Sales Order is an order placed by a customer for the delivery of specified goods at a given price and at a predetermined time.
Order Cycle
Purchase Order Cycle
Sale Order Cycle
After Raising the Invoice if any return to the Supplier You Need to Pass a Debit Note Entry.
After Raising the Invoice if any return from the customer You Need to Pass a Credit Note Entry.
1 note
·
View note
Text
What is CSS
=CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a style sheet language which is used to describe the look and formatting of a document written in markup language. It provides an additional feature to HTML. It is generally used with HTML to change the style of web pages and user interfaces. It can also be used with any kind of XML documents including plain XML, SVG and XUL.
=CSS is used along with HTML and JavaScript in most websites to create user interfaces for web applications and user interfaces for many mobile applications.
What does CSS
=You can add new looks to your old HTML documents.
=You can completely change the look of your website with only a few changes in CSS code.
Why Use CSS?
=CSS is used to define styles for your web pages, including the design, layout and variations in display for different devices and screen sizes.
Advantages of CSS
CSS saves time − You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML pages. You can define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages .
Pages load faster − If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes every time. Just write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag. So less code means faster download times.
Easy maintenance − To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements in all the web pages will be updated automatically.
Superior styles to HTML − CSS has a much wider array of attributes than HTML, so you can give a far better look to your HTML page in comparison to HTML attributes.
Multiple Device Compatibility − Style sheets allow content to be optimized for more than one type of device. By using the same HTML document, different versions of a website can be presented for handheld devices such as PDAs and cell phones or for printing.
Global web standards − Now HTML attributes are being deprecated and it is being recommended to use CSS. So its a good idea to start using CSS in all the HTML pages to make them compatible to future browsers.
0 notes
Text
UPPERCASE AND LOWERCASE
import java.util.scanner;
public class demo
{
int countupper (string str)
int length = str.length();
for (int i=0; i<length; i++)
{
char ch = str.charAt (i);
if (ch>='A' && ch ='z')
{
count++;
}
int countlower(String str)
{
int count=0;
int length =.length();
for (int i=0; i<length ; i++)
{
char ch = str.charAt (i);
if (ch>= 'a' && ch<= 'z')
{
count++;
}}
return count;
}
int count=0;
int length = str.length();
for (int i=0; i<length; i++)
{static void
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (ch>='0' && ch<='9')
{
count++;
}}
return count;
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Scanner sc = new Scanner (System.in);
demo obj = new demo();
System .out.println("enter the sentence");
String . str = sc.nextline();
System. out. println ("no .of uppercase character:"+ obj. countupper(str));
System. out. println("no.of lowercase character;"+ obj. lowercase (str));
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the sentence
UpperCASe
No.of lowercase : 5
No.of uppercase : 4
0 notes
Text
HIERARCHICAL
The type of inheritance in which more than one derived class inherits the properties of the same base class is called hierarchical inheritance. There are multiple child classes and a single parent class. All the child classes will inherit the methods and fields present in the parent class.
class demo { void add() { int a,b,c; a=10; b=20; c=a+b; System.out.Println(c); } } class demo2 extends demo { void sub() { int a,b,c; a=10; b=20; c=a-b; System.out.Println(c); } } class demo3 extends demo { void multi() { int a,b,c; a=10; b=20; c=a*b; System.out.Println(c); } } class demo4 extends demo { void div() { int a,b,c; a=10; b=20; c=a/b; System.out.Println(c); } } class main { public static void main(String args[]) { demo4 obj=new demo4(); obj.add(); obj.div(); demo2 obj2=new demo2(); obj.sub(); demo3 obj3=new demo3(); obj.multi(); } }
0 notes
Text
ENCAPSULATION
=Ecapsulation in java is a process of wrapping code and data into a single unit. =Encapsulation is used for hiding the datas, methods and varaibles. =Private do not access to another class But using getter and setter method ,we will access the private variable.
Advantage of Encapsulation
By providing only a setter or getter method, you can make the class read-only or write-only. In other words, you can skip the getter or setter methods.
It is a way to achieve data hiding in Java because other class will not be able to access the data through the private data members.
The encapsulate class is easy to test. So, it is better for unit testing.
Types:
=Public =private =protect
class demo { private String author; private String title; private int id; void setauthor(String a) { this.author=a; } String getauthor() { return author; }
String gettitle()
{
return title;
} void settitle(String t) { this.title=t; } int getid() { return id; } void setid(int i) { this.id=i; } } class book { public static void main(String [] args) { demo obj =new demo();
obj. setauthor("Jane Austen");
obj.settitle("Pride and Prejudice"); obj.setid(775);System.out.println("Book title: "+obj.gettitle()+"\n"+"Book author: "+obj.getauthor()+"\n"+"Book id: "+obj.getid());
} }
0 notes
Text
MySQL
What Is Mysql
=My is the daughter’s name of the MySQL’s co-founder, Monty Widenius. =MySQL is a database management system that allows you to manage relational databases. =It is open source software backed by Oracle. =Even though MySQL is open source software, you can buy a commercial license version from Oracle to get a premium support services. =MySQL can run on various platforms UNIX, Linux, Windows, etc. You can install it in a server or even in a desktop.
MySQL Database
MySQL is a fast, easy-to-use RDBMS being used for many small and big businesses. MySQL is developed, marketed and supported by MySQL AB, which is a Swedish company. MySQL is becoming so popular because of many good reasons −
MySQL is released under an open-source license. So you have nothing to pay to use it.
MySQL is a very powerful program in its own right. It handles a large subset of the functionality of the most expensive and powerful database packages.
MySQL uses a standard form of the well-known SQL data language.
MySQL works on many operating systems and with many languages including PHP, PERL, C, C++, JAVA, etc.
MySQL works very quickly and works well even with large data sets.
MySQL is very friendly to PHP, the most appreciated language for web development.
MySQL supports large databases, up to 50 million rows or more in a table. The default file size limit for a table is 4GB, but you can increase this (if your operating system can handle it) to a theoretical limit of 8 million terabytes (TB).
MySQL is customizable. The open-source GPL license allows programmers to modify the MySQL software to fit their own specific environments.
DDL(Data Definition language) =Create =Drop =Alter =Truncate
DML(Data Manipulation language) =Insert =update =Delete
DDL
=we can create & modify the structure.
=We can drop the entire data.
=We can't Retrieve data.
=Truncate we can drop the entire data only not affect the structure.
DML
=We can't modify the structure.
=We can delete the entire and particular data.
=We can retrieve the data using rollback command.
0 notes
Text
WHAT IS ABSTRACTION
=A class which is declared with the abstract keyword is known as an abstract class in Java. It can have abstract and non-abstract(method with the body)
=Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and showing only functionality to the user.
=A class which is declared as abstract is known as an abstract class. It can have abstract and non-abstract methods. It needs to be extended and its method implemented. It cannot be instantiated.
=Normally we can't create object to abstract class.
Example of Abstract class
abstract class demo { abstract void add(); void sub(int a, int b) { int c=a-b; System.out.println(c); } } class demo2 extends demo { void add() { int a,b,c; a=20; b=40 c=a+b; System.out.println(c); } } class main { public static void main(String args[]) { demo2 obj =new demo2(); obj. sub(10,20); obj. add(); }
0 notes
Text
INTERFACE
=Interface is a blue print of class. =Use Interface and Interface the name of class. =It Support Multiple and Multilevel. =Interface class didn't create object But extends to another class we will create object.
Why use Java interface
There are mainly three reasons to use interface. They are given below
=It is used to achieve abstraction.
=By interface, we can support the functionality of multiple inheritance.
=It can be used to achieve loose coupling.
Multiple:
interface demo { void add(); void sub(); } interface demo2 { void multi(); } class demo3 implements demo2,demo { public void add (int a, int b) { int c=a+b; System.out.println(c); } public void sub(int a,int b) { int c=a-b; System.out.println(c); } void multi() { public void sub(int a,int b) { int c=a*b; System.out.println(c); } } class demo4 extends demo3 { public void div(int a,int b) { int c=a+b; System.out.println(c); } } class deom5 { public static void main(String args[]) { demo4 obj=new demo4() obj.add(20,40); obj.sub(30,10); obj.multi(50,10); obj.div (20,10) }
0 notes
Text
Multithreading in Java
Multithreading in j is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously.
A thread is a lightweight sub-process, the smallest unit of processing. Multiprocessing and multithreading, both are used to achieve multitasking.
Advantages of Java Multithreading
= It doesn't block the user because threads are independent and you can perform multiple operations at the same time.
= You can perform many operations together, so it saves time.
= Threads are independent, so it doesn't affect other threads if an exception occurs in a single thread.
Multitasking
Multitasking is a process of executing multiple tasks simultaneously. We use multitasking to utilize the CPU. Multitasking can be achieved in two ways:
=Process-based Multitasking (Multiprocessing)
=Thread-based Multitasking (Multithreading)
Process-based Multitasking (Multiprocessing)
=Each process has an address in memory. In other words, each process allocates a separate memory area.
=A process is heavyweight.
=Cost of communication between the process is high.
=Switching from one process to another requires some time for saving and loading register, memory maps, updating lists, etc.
Thread-based Multitasking (Multithreading)
=Threads share the same address space.
=A thread is lightweight.
=Cost of communication between the thread is low.
What is Thread in java
=A thread is a lightweight subprocess, the smallest unit of processing. It is a separate path of execution.
=Threads are independent. If there occurs exception in one thread, it doesn't affect other threads. It uses a shared memory area.
0 notes
Text
What is Selenium
What is Selenium: Getting Started with Automation Testing
Lesson 1 of 7By Chinmayee DeshpandeLast updated on Nov 11, 202161322
PreviousNext
Table of Contents
Challenges with Manual Testing
Advent of Selenium
What is Selenium?
What makes Selenium Such a Widely Used Testing Tool?
Selenium Suite of Tools
View More
Testing is the most crucial phase in the software development lifecycle and its main objective is to ensure bug-free software that meets customer requirements. Testing is strenuous since it involves manual execution of test cases against various applications to detect bugs and errors.
But what if we could automate the testing process? That would make it less monotonous, and Selenium does just this.
If you’re interested in learning more about automation testing and particularly Selenium, then you’re in the right place.
Now before we understand what Selenium is, let us look at the challenges with manual testing.
Selenium is an open-source, automated testing tool used to test web applications across various browsers. Selenium can only test web applications, unfortunately, so desktop and mobile apps can’t be tested. However, other tools like Appium and HP’s QTP can be used to test software and mobile applications.
What makes Selenium Such a Widely Used Testing Tool?
Selenium is easy to use since it’s primarily developed in JavaScript
Selenium can test web applications against various browsers like Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari
Tests can be coded in several programming languages like Java, Python, Perl, PHP, and Ruby
Selenium is platform-independent, meaning it can deploy on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh
Selenium can be integrated with tools like JUnit and TestNG for test management
Why do people take selenium?
Selenium has attracted attention because of its antioxidant properties. Antioxidants protect cells from damage. Evidence that selenium supplements may reduce the odds of prostate cancer has been mixed, but most studies suggest there is no real benefit. Selenium does not seem to affect the risk of colorectal or lung cancer. But beware: some studies suggest that selenium may increase the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer.
Among healthy people in the U.S., selenium deficiencies are uncommon. But some health conditions such as HIV, Crohn's disease, and others -are associated with low selenium levels. People who are fed intravenously are also at risk for low selenium. Doctors sometimes suggest that people with these conditions use selenium supplements.
uses of Selenium
Eczema . Taking yeast that is enriched with selenium by mouth daily for 12 weeks, alone or with vitamin E, does not improve eczema.
Bladder cancer. Taking selenium by mouth doesn't seem to prevent bladder cancer.
Heart disease. Taking selenium by mouth doesn't seem to reduce the risk of heart disease.
Colon cancer, rectal cancer. Taking selenium by mouth doesn't seem to reduce the risk of colon or rectal cancer.
Infants born weighing less than 2500 grams (5 pounds, 8 ounces). Giving selenium by mouth or by IV does not appear to reduce the chance of death in low birth weight infants. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
Lung cancer. Taking selenium by mouth, alone or with other nutrients, does not reduce the risk of lung cancer. But it might benefit people with low selenium levels.
Nonmelanoma skin cancer. Taking selenium by mouth doesn't reduce the risk of getting a certain type of skin cancer called basal cell carcinoma. In fact, taking extra selenium might actually increase the risk of getting another type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma.
Prostate cancer. Taking selenium by mouth does not reduce the risk of getting prostate cancer.
Scaly, itchy skin (psoriasis). Taking yeast enriched with selenium by mouth daily does not reduce symptoms of psoriasis.
Blood infection (sepsis). Giving selenium along with other nutrients by IV does not reduce the risk of death in people with sepsis. IV products can only be given by a healthcare provider.
Side Effect
Selenium is likely safe when taken in doses less than 400 mcg daily, short-term. But selenium is possibly unsafe when taken in high doses or for a long time. Taking doses above 400 mcg daily can increase the risk of developing selenium toxicity. Taking lower doses for a long time can increase the risk of developing diabetes.
Selenium can cause stomach discomfort, headache, and rash. High doses can cause hair loss, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Extremely high doses can lead to organ failure and death.
Selenium Suite of Tools
Selenium has a dedicated suite that facilitates easy testing of web applications.
Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Developed by Shinya Kasatani in 2006, Selenium IDE is a browser extension for Firefox or Chrome that automates functionality. Typically, IDE records user interactions on the browser and exports them as a reusable script.
IDE was developed to speed up the creation of automation scripts. It’s a rapid prototyping tool and can be used by engineers with no programming knowledge whatsoever.
IDE ceased to exist in August 2017 when Firefox upgraded to a new Firefox 55 version, which no longer supported Selenium IDE. Applitools rewrote the old Selenium IDE and released a new version in 2019. The latest version came with several advancements.
Fig: Selenium IDE
Selenium IDE has a few shortcomings:
It does not support data-driven testing
It can’t perform database testing
It can’t provide a detailed test report
It can’t export to WebDriver scripts
Selenium Remote Control (RC)
Paul Hammant developed Selenium Remote Control (RC). Before we dive into RC, it’s important to know why RC came to be in the first place.
Initially, a tool called Selenium-Core was built. It was a set of JavaScript functions that interpreted and executed Selenese commands using the browser's built-in JavaScript interpreter. Selenium-Core was then injected into the web browser.
Now, let’s consider a JavaScript, test.js used by google.com. This program can access pages like google.com/mail or google.com/login within the google.com domain.
Fig: Selenium RC
However, the program can’t access elements of other domains like yahoo.com. Local copies of Selenium-Core and the web browser had to be installed so they belonged to the same domain. This is called the Same Origin Policy, and Selenium RC was introduced to address this limitation. The server acts as a client configured HTTP proxy and "tricks" the browser into believing that Selenium Core and the web application being tested come from the same origin.
Hence, Selenium RC is a server written in Java that makes provision for writing application tests in various programming languages like Java, C#, Perl, PHP, Python, etc. The RC server accepts commands from the user program and passes them to the browser as Selenium-Core JavaScript commands.
Selenium WebDriver
Developed by Simon Stewart in 2006, Selenium WebDriver was the first cross-platform testing framework that could configure and control the browsers on the OS level. It served as a programming interface to create and run test cases.
Unlike Selenium RC, WebDriver doesn’t require a core engine like RC and interacts natively with browser applications. WebDriver also supports various programming languages like Python, Ruby, PHP, and Perl, among others, and can be integrated with frameworks like TestNG and JUnit for test management.
The architecture of Selenium WebDriver is simple and easy to understand:
Fig: Selenium WebDriver architecture
Selenium test script - Selenium test script is the test code written in any programming language be it Java, Perl, PHP, or Python that can be interpreted by the driver.
JSON Wire Protocol - JSON Wire Protocol provides a transport mechanism to transfer data between a server and a client. JSON Wire Protocol serves as an industry standard for various web services.
Browser drivers - Selenium uses drivers specific to each browser to establish a secure connection with the browser.
Browsers - Selenium WebDriver supports various web browsers to test and run applications on.
Selenium Grid
Patrick Lightbody developed a grid with the primary objective of minimizing the test execution time. This was facilitated by distributing the test commands to different machines simultaneously. Selenium Grid allows the parallel execution of tests on different browsers and different operating systems. Grid is exceptionally flexible and integrates with other suite components for simultaneous execution.
Fig: Selenium Grid
The Grid consists of a hub connected to several nodes. It receives the test to be executed along with information about the operating system and browser to be run on and picks a node that conforms to the requirements (browser and platform), passing the test to that node. The node now runs the browser and executes the selenium commands within it.
After learning what Selenium is, let us learn the advantages of Selenium testing.
Advantages of Selenium Testing
Selenium automated testing comes with several benefits, such as:
Selenium has proven to be accurate with results thus making it extremely reliable
Since selenium is open-source, anybody willing to learn testing can begin at no cost
Selenium supports a broad spectrum of programming languages like Python, PHP, Perl, and Ruby
Selenium supports various browsers like Chrome, Firefox, and Opera, among others
Selenium is easy to implement and doesn’t require the engineer to have in-depth knowledge of the tool
Selenium has plenty of re-usability and add-ons
As an important aspect of learning what Selenium is, let us understand the limitations of Selenium testing.
Limitations of Selenium Testing
Selenium has a few shortcomings, which can include:
Since Selenium is open-source, it doesn’t have a developer community and hence doesn’t have a reliable tech support
Selenium cannot test mobile or desktop applications
Selenium offers limited support for image testing
Selenium has limited support for test management. Selenium is often integrated with tools like JUnit and TestNG for this purpose
You may need knowledge of programming languages to use Selenium
Job Roles and Salaries
Now that we’ve learned about Selenium, what about the possible job roles and an average salary of a Selenium test engineer?
Main Objectives for a Selenium Test Engineer:
Develop test cases to detect bugs and errors
Automation framework design and implementation according to project structure
Improve and automate test practices
Participate in communicating best practices
Define test strategies and test manuals for tracking and fixing software issues
Automation Engineer Salaries
The average salary of an automation engineer in the United States is $90,390 per year, and in India is ₹5,24,000 per year.
To learn more about Selenium and how the various suite components work, check out Simplilearn’s Selenium Tutorial for Beginners that also explains Selenium automation testing.
Interested in making a career as an automation engineer? A certification course will definitely come in handy, so check out Simplilearn’s Selenium Certification Training, a course that enables you to master the complete Selenium suite.
The Selenium Certification course is ideal for:
Test Managers
Test Engineers
Test Leads
Test Analysts
QA Engineers
Software Developers
Engineers who want to learn automation testing
Find our Full Stack Java Developer Online Bootcamp in top cities:
NameDa
About the Author
Chinmayee is a Research Analyst and a passionate writer. Being a technology enthusiast, her thorough knowledge about the subject helps her develop structured co…
View More
Recommended Programs
Full Stack Java Developer Job Guarantee Program
4780 Learners
Lifetime Access*Selenium 3.0 Training524 Learners
*Lifetime access to high-quality, self-paced e-learning content.Explore Category
Find Full Stack Java Developer Job Guarantee Program Master's Program in these cities
Full Stack Java Developer Course in AhmedabadFull Stack Java Developer Course in BangaloreFull Stack Java Developer Course in BhopalFull Stack Java Developer Course in BhubaneshwarFull Stack Java Developer Course in ChennaiFull Stack Java Developer Course in HyderabadFull Stack Java Developer Course in LucknowFull Stack Java Developer Course in NagpurFull Stack Java Developer Course in PuneFull Stack Java Developer Course in Vishakapatnam
Challenges with Manual Testing
Manual testing is one of the primitive ways of software testing. It doesn’t require the knowledge of any software testing tool and can practically test any application.
The tester manually executes test cases against applications and compares the actual results with desired results. Any differences between the two are considered as defects and are immediately fixed. The tests are then re-run to ensure an utterly error-free application.
Manual testing has its own drawbacks, however, a few of which can include:
It’s extremely time-consuming
There’s a high risk of error
It requires the presence of a tester 24/7
Requires manual creation of logs
Has a limited scope
Fig: Challenges with manual testing
Considering all the drawbacks, a desperate need to automate the testing process was in demand. Now, let us understand the advent of Selenium before looking into what Selenium is.
Advent of Selenium
Jason Huggins, an engineer at ThoughtWorks, Chicago, found manual testing repetitive and boring. He developed a JavaScript program to automate the testing of a web application, called JavaScriptTestRunner.
Initially, the new invention was deployed by the employees at Thoughtworks. However, in 2004, it was renamed Selenium and was made open source. Since its inception, Selenium has been a powerful automation testing tool to test various web applications across different platforms.
Now, let us now learn what is Selenium.
Full Stack Java Developer Course
In Partnership with HIRIST and HackerEarthEXPLORE COURSE
What is Selenium?
Selenium is an open-source, automated testing tool used to test web applications across various browsers. Selenium can only test web applications, unfortunately, so desktop and mobile apps can’t be tested. However, other tools like Appium and HP’s QTP can be used to test software and mobile applications.
0 notes