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Profile of Fire clay bricks

Fire clay bricks are sticky soil products which refer to Al2O3 containing 30%~40% aluminum silicate material. The main mineral composition of fire clay

bricks are kaolinite(Al2O3•2SiO2•2H2O) and 6%~7% impurities(oxide of potassium, sodium, calcium, titanium and iron). Fire clay bricks adopt 50% soft

clay and 50% hard clay clinker, ingredient by a certain size, and sinter under high temperature of 1300~1400℃ after forming and drying. The sintering

process is mainly the process of decomposition of kaolinite which continuously dehydrates to mullite(3Al2O3•2SiO2). SiO2 and Al2O3 form eutectic low

melting point of silicate with impurities in the process of sintering and surround the mullite crystal around.

Fire clay bricks are the weak acid refractory products which can resist acid melting slag and the erosion of acid gas, good thermal property and resist

rapid heat and cold. The refractoriness of fire clay bricks is roughly the same with silica bricks which are up to 1690~1730℃, however, refractoriness

under load of fire clay bricks is 200℃ lower than silica bricks. Duo to the low refractoriness under load, fire clay bricks will shrink at high temperature

which lead to the lower thermal property and lower mechanical strength than silica brick, so fire clay bricks are only used in the secondary parts of coke

oven, such as regenerator seal wall, small flue lining bricks and regenerator, door lining brick, roof and riser lining brick.

As the clay brick contains not only high refractoriness mullite crystal, but also amorphous glass phase with nearly half of the low melting point. Among the

temperature of 0~1000℃, the volume of fire clay bricks expand with temperature increasing, and the linear expansion ratio is 0.6%~0.7%.  However,

when the temperature reaches 1200℃, the volume will shrink from the maximum with the temperature increasing. Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the research and development of refractory products.

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Fused Cast AZS Block Used In Different Parts Of Glass Furnace

The entire furnace tank from melting tank, cooling tank until the molding part are all in contact with the glass liquid. The temperatures change from 1200℃ to 1600℃ during the whole process when the qualified glass is finished producing from material melting, and the glass liquid is in the convection state. So different parts of glass furnace need different refractory bricks.

A. sidewall brick: sidewall is mainly adopted fused cast AZS block, and recently years fused cast α-β alumina is used in sidewall.

B. tank bottom brick: The condition of the bottom brick is that the glass liquid temperature is low and the flow is weak. The tank bottom is now using the multi-layer compound bottom structure, usually the ground tiles use 300mm clay brick, then 25mm zircon sand or fused zirconia corundum ramming material are adopted above the clay bricks, the paving bricks adopt 75mm fused cast AZS block.

C. doghouse brick: doghouse is usually serious damaged as it is influenced by the erosion of powder and glass liquid, wear of material layer, and flame. Especially the corner of doghouse, so the corner brick generally adopts fused cast AZS block 41#. Except for the corner bricks, other parts can use PX casting fused cast AZS block 33#.

D. neck brick: the corner of neck adopts WS fused cast AZS block 41# which can strengthen the ability to resist erosion. The short neck crown and the neck part adopt high quality silica bricks.

E. cooling section: the temperature of glass liquid is lower than melting section, so the erosion is relatively lower, so fused cast AZS block 33# can be used in this part.

F. channel brick: usually adopt fused cast AZS block 33# or fused cast alumina block α-Al2O3.

G. regenerator chamber: top crown of regenerator usually adopts fused cast AZS block, direct bonded magnesia brick or silica brick. The top layers of side wall and partition wall use magnesia brick, middle layers use magnesia brick or low porosity clay brick, and bottom layers adopt low porosity clay brick.

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Refractoriness Of Lining Refractory Of Glass Furnace

Refractory material is an essential lining material in industrial furnace. In the continuous progress of science and technology, furnace updates from generation to generation which leads to the production process of refractory materials greatly improved. And these improvements are mainly around in the refractoriness, fire resistance, slag resistance, anti stripping and other aspects. Meanwhile, the types and applications of refractory materials have a variety of changes.

Most of the refractory materials are composed of multi elements and materials which have different melting point, when the temperature reaches a certain degree, the liquid phase is appeared at first, with the temperature continuous rising, the materials are completely fused, so it is a gradual process. The so-called different material brick refers to the main content of the brick, for example, the raw materials of clay refractory materials are mainly clay, and high alumina brick defines the level according to the level of aluminum content. Below refractoriness are for some common refractory materials:

1. clay brick: 1610～1750℃ 2. silica brick：690～1730℃ 3. high alumina brick：＞1770～2000℃ 4. magnesia refractory：＞2000℃ 5. zircon brick: ＞1630～1680℃

Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the research and development of glass refractory products. Sunrise as a glass refractory manufacturer can provide professional before-after guidance and excellent products such as fused cast AZS block, fused cast alumina block, silica brick, magnesia brick, zircon brick, zircon mullite brick, mullite series brick, sillimanite brick, etc. contact us, we will do our best for you.

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High-Temperature Tunnel Kiln Of Refractory

Sintered kiln of refractory is usually divided into two types: Intermittent down-draft kiln and continuous tunnel kiln, the firing temperature is from 1200 to

1900`C, and even higher. If divided by firing temperature: temperature below 1350℃ is called low temperature sintering kiln; temperature between 1350℃

and 1550℃ is called medium temperature sintering kiln; temperature between 1550℃ and 1750℃ is called high temperature sintering kiln; temperature up

1750℃ is called ultra temperature sintering kiln. Compared with down-draft kiln, the advantages of tunnel kiln are that: the quality of the products is good; Unit fuel consumption is low; long service life; High

degree automation and low labor intensity. There are many kinds of tunnel kilns，however, they are usually consist of pre tropical, sintering zone and

cooling zone. Meanwhile, according to the technical requirements of the burned products, through the attached combustion device, exhaust and cooling

system, adjusting the kiln temperature, atmosphere and pressure, so that more excellent products can be obtained. With the improvement of the quality of refractory materials and the increase of advanced refractory materials, burning temperature is generally increased

which promotes the development of high temperature tunnel kiln and ultra high temperature tunnel kiln, so as to meet the requirements of technical progress

of refractory. High temperature or ultra high temperature tunnel kiln is a new type kiln in the lastest twenty years which is mainly used for directly combined

alkali brick, high temperature firing alkali brick, high alumina brick and corundum brick and other products. High temperature or ultra high temperature tunnel

kiln adopts side heating burner whose fuel is high calorific value of heavy oil or natural gas.

Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the research and development of glass refractory products. Sunrise as a glass refractory

manufacturer can provide professional before-after guidance and excellent products such as fused cast AZS block, fused cast alumina block, silica brick,

magnesia brick, zircon brick, zircon mullite brick, mullite series brick, sillimanite brick, etc. contact us, we will do our best for you.

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Casting Speed Of Fused Cast Series Block

Casting speed directly determines the casting time, and every fused cast block has its own best casting time. Unreasonable casting time can cause many defects in the casting.

Low casting speed If the casting speed of fused cast series block is too slow, defects such as corner loose, knot, sand inclusion and Insufficient casting will be produced. Low casting speed leads to thin liquid flows, when the thin liquid flow is casted into the mold of fused cast series block, solidified to a small ball and move to the side corner which will result in loose of edge angle. If the first poured liquid flow has solidified into thin shells which will inward contraction, then poured liquid flows will get into the gaps between the thin shell and the mold which form scar on the surface of fused cast series block. Meanwhile, if the liquid flows are too thin, before reaching the side corner the liquid flow will be solidify which will lead to Insufficient casting. In addition, low casting speed will also lead to long time casting which means that mold baking time will be increased, that the mold cover is easy peeling off into the molten liquid and cause sand inclusion.

High casting speed If the casting speed of fused cast series block is too fast, the liquid flows become wide which bring a great impact on the casting mold of fused cast series block, then part of casting mold is broken through or melted which can make this part of mold risen up. In addition, when the wide liquid flow is casted into mold, some air is may brought into casting mold and rising to the top cover of the mold rapidly. Meanwhile, liquid touched top cover has already formed thin shell, so when air rises to the top cover that so-called shell is formed. What is more, it is easy to form air bubbles inside the mold when air is brought in mold. Except for the air, wide liquid flows caused by high casting speed may also brings the raw material which is in furnace mouth into molten liquid of fused cast series block.

Thanks for visiting! Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the research and development of refractory products. Sunrise can provide excellent fused cast series block which has passed the ISO international certified. Over 30 years producing and marketing experience, with reliable quality, competitive price and prompt delivery, Sunrise has established long-term business and cooperation relationship with many customers in different countries and regions. For any further information, Contact us, we will do our best to help you.

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ISO Standard For Glass Industry

Corundum block has excellent physical property in high temperature, such as very high cold crushing strength which can be up to 340MPa, high refractoriness under load which is more than 1700℃, good chemical stability and strong resistance to slag. Sunrise can provide corundum block which has passed ISO standard, however, as to ISO standard, below is the simple introduction for your reference.

ISO standard is the standard of environmental management system established by the international standard organization, which aims to improve the global ecological environment, comply with the international environmental protection and development, and achieve harmony between man and nature. ISO standard is the first standard of environmental management system and the most important standard in series related standards, which is the basis of enterprises to establish environmental management system and also one of the bases of the third party to certificate and verify.

Glass industry is a traditional industry which has high energy consumption and pollution, so it is important to establish ISO environmental management system in the enterprise. Take float glass as an example, the average energy consumption of float glass in our country is 7800 kilojoule/kg, which is 20% higher than the international average level which is 6500 kilojoule/kg. Meanwhile, dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and nitrogen oxide discharged by glass furnace can easily cause environmental pollution, so glass industry has been the focus industry of prevention and control of air pollution by our country. The glass production enterprises who want to develop in the international market competition need to implement ISO which is conducive to enterprises to prevent pollution, save energy and raw materials, improve corporate image and increase market share.

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Hot And Cold Repair Of Glass Furnace

Hot repair During the operation of glass furnace, hot repair method is taken if only part of the glass furnace is eroded and not need to stop or cool down the operation of glass furnace, which can reduce the loss to a minimum.

Cold repair Glass furnace is a core equipment of the glass factory, generally, cold repair is happened every few years, and the reasons of cold repair are as follows,

1. The refractory material which contacts the glass liquid is damaged seriously, has the risk of leakage and is difficult to partly hot repair, such as fused cast azs block, fused cast alumina block.

2. Refractory in upper structure is damaged, leakage of fire, and can not normally melt glass to liquid. And it is difficult to repair by partly hot repair.

3. The regenerator is clogged seriously which makes fuel consumption increase, the ability to melt glass reduce and the cost significantly higher.

If the glass furnace is sure to overhaul, the comprehensive careful inspection and the analysis to the entire furnace must be carried on, Such as the judgment of repairs of steel structure, feeding port, pool side wall, bridge wall, dog hole, crown, regenerator chamber. Analyze the corrosion loss of each parts which use refractory and determine the part and extent which is needed to repair and the material where is required to be changed during the overhaul. The system network technology is used to compile the detailed plan of the overhaul. Determine the date for the release, the end of the discharge, the date of stopping the furnace to cool and the beginning time to detach the furnace. Formulate the work schedule and personnel of the various parts of the kiln body.

Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd. who is a professional glass refractory manufacturer is mainly engaged in the research and development of glass refractory products. With reliable quality, competitive price and prompt delivery, Sunrise has established long-term business and cooperation relationship with many customers in different countries and regions. Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd can provide professional guidance for you and is sincerely looking forward to establishing a long-term mutually beneficial relationship with you.

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Cracks Produced Of Zircon Brick

During drying process of zircon brick, different degrees of cracks will be produced no matter what kind of zircon brick. There are two types of cracks of magnesia brick, one is mechanical crack, and another is non mechanical crack.

Mechanical crack Under normal circumstances, the direction and location characteristics of mechanical crack are obvious, intuitive, crack longer and clearly visible. Mechanical cracking is because the body is subject to the impact of a collision, vibration caused by pressing. Mechanical crack is caused by the impact of the body and the vibration caused by the press.

Non mechanical crack Non mechanical crack, the form of its expression is varied; generally speaking, the direction is not so obvious. But quite a lot of time, non mechanical crack, the location of the crack is also more regular; therefore, it can not be simply considered that as long as the obvious direction is mechanical cracking. In many times, mechanical crack and non mechanical crack are easily confused and easy to make people wrongly judgment and cause significant losses, so this must be paid the special attention to the problem.

Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in the research and development of glass refractory products. Sunrise as a glass refractory manufacturer can provide professional before-after guidance and excellent products such as fused cast AZS block, fused cast alumina block, silica brick, magnesia brick, zircon brick, zircon mullite brick, mullite series brick, sillimanite brick, etc. contact us, we will do our best for you.

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The Main Product Of Alkaline Refractory

Alkaline refractory material refers to that which is easy to react with acid resistant materials, acid slag, acid flux or alumina under the high temperature. Most of the alkaline refractory materials are mainly made of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and other alkali metal oxides. Alkaline refractory mainly contains magnesite chrome brick, magnesia zirconia brick, magnesia brick, magnesia spinel brick, magnesia calcium brick, dolomite brick and the latest development of magnesium iron spinel brick and so on.

Refractory bricks with Magnesium Oxide (MgO) containing more than 80% called magnesia brick which can be divided into many grades. Magnesia brick has good resistance to alkaline slag and slag, and has higher refractoriness than clay brick and silica brick. Magnesia brick is mainly used in open hearth furnace, oxygen converter, electric furnace, non-ferrous metal smelting equipment and glass industry as well as some high temperature equipment. Magnesia chrome brick has stronger resistant to alkaline slag, and the thermal shock stability is higher than that of magnesia brick, so the application is more extensive. Magnesia chrome bricks have almost replaced magnesia brick in iron and steel smelting and non-ferrous metal smelting industry. Magnesium calcium brick made from synthetic magnesia calcium sand as raw material, and calcium oxide content is generally in 15-30%, remaining components are mainly oxidized magnesium. Magnesia chrome brick is a refractory brick which is added aluminum spinel, an it is mainly used in cement industry rotary kiln, non-ferrous smelting furnace and garbage incinerator.

Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd. who is a professional glass refractory manufacturer is mainly engaged in the research and development of glass refractory products. With reliable quality, competitive price and prompt delivery, Sunrise has established long-term business and cooperation relationship with many customers in different countries and regions. Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd can provide professional guidance for you and is sincerely looking forward to establishing a long-term mutually beneficial relationship with you.

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What Are The Properties Of Glass Refractory?

Properties of glass refractory (such as fused cast azs block, magnesia brick, zircon brick, fused cast α-β alumina, mullite brick, sillimanite brick, fused corundum brick, etc.) include structural property, thermal property, mechanical property, performance property and operating property.

Structural property contains porosity, bulk density, water absorption, air permeability, pore size distribution, etc.

Thermal property contains thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, specific heat, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal emission rate.

Mechanical property includes compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, torsional strength, shear strength, crushing strength, wear resistance, creep, bond strength, elastic modulus and so on.

Performance property includes refractoriness, refractoriness under load, reheating linear change, resistance to thermal shock, resistance to slag resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, water resistance, resistance to co erosion resistance, electrical conductivity and oxidation resistance.

Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd can provide glass refractory which has passed the ISO international certified. Over 30 years producing and marketing experience, with reliable quality, competitive price and prompt delivery, Sunrise has established long-term business and cooperation relationship with many customers in different countries and regions. For any further information, Contact us, we will do our best to help you.

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Introduction of Chrome Corundum Block

Chrome corundum block is one kind of refractory that the main mineral composition is α -Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solution, secondary mineral composition is a small amount of composite spinel and 1%～30% Cr2O3. all the raw material of chrome corundum block are matched by by alumina and chromium oxide and through high temperature melting. Chrome corundum block is produced by production process of special refractory material which can improve the inner quality and high temperature performance of the products.

Chrome corundum block has the characteristics of high refractoriness, high strength, good thermal stability, strong resistance to corrosion. During the using process, it also has the properties of crushing resistance, abrasion resistance, erosion resistance and anti structure spalling. Chrome corundum block has been widely used in metallurgy, glass, carbon black, petrochemical industry.

High performance chrome corundum brick with high density and high strength has the ability of anti air scour and wear resistance than corundum brick. Introduction of Cr2O3 into corundum brick makes the internal quality of the product change and anti slag corrosion and penetration resistance of brick increase significantly.

Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd can provide chrome corundum block, corundum block, fused cast azs block, zircon brick, magnesia brick, etc. which have passed the ISO international certified. Over 30 years producing and marketing experience, with reliable quality, competitive price and prompt delivery, Sunrise has established long-term business and cooperation relationship with many customers in different countries and regions. For any further information, Contact us, we will do our best to help you.

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raw materials of zircon brick

1. Hardness and grain size of raw materials

Hardness and grain size of raw materials of zircon brick are the main factors that affect the process flow. If hardness of some materials is hard and the structure is compact, so crushing should be strengthened to control the grain size. If the size of some materials is big, and once broken up can not meet the requirements of process, then multi-level fragmentation need to be adopted. If there are some impurities and stones in the raw material of zircon brick, stone and purification equipment need to take into consideration to get rid of them.

2. Plasticity and moisture of raw materials

If the plasticity of raw material of zircon brick is too low to reach the requirement of process, the method of weathering is used to improve its plasticity or strengthen the crushing, mud, boring and wet to increase the plasticity of raw materials. If the plasticity of raw material of zircon brick is too high, the incorporation of lean material is required to reduce its plasticity, in order to be able to mix evenly, the mixing of raw materials is very important at the moment. Meanwhile，moisture of raw materials will also affect the selection of process flow, When the raw natural moisture content is too low, we must consider to add many times of water and mixing, so that the mixture is uniform. On the other hand, the water is too high, some dry can be mixed with to reduce its moisture or adopt dewatering equipment for dewatering treatment.

Zhengzhou Sunrise Refractory Co., Ltd can provide zircon brick which has passed the ISO international certified. Over 30 years producing and marketing experience, with reliable quality, competitive price and prompt delivery, Sunrise has established long-term business and cooperation relationship with many customers in different countries and regions. For any further information, Contact us, we will do our best to help you.

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Glass Phase Of Fused Cast AZS Block

The composition of fused cast AZS block is: baddeleyite, corundum, mullite, glass phase and pores. In order to reduce and eliminate residual thermal stress, products need to have a certain amount of glass phase which is as the absorbent for the thermal stress. However, glass phase of fused cast AZS block is the weak link to resist erosion of glass liquid, during the process of erosion, first is the exudation of glass phase, then replace with high temperature glass liquid, and then accelerate the erosion of the crystal phase. The segregation of fused cast AZS block is also reflected in the glass phase. As to fused cast AZS block 33#,36#,41#, the content of glass phase is 20%-14%, so the effect of the characteristics of the electric melting brick can not be ignored

In theory, there is no glass phase of AZS which represents alumina, zircon, and silica, even if there is a small amount of impurities, glass phase is also rare when no alkaline oxide is added. In production due to the introduction of basic oxides (Na2O) which lead to most silica into glass phase. The sodium oxide and silicon oxide and alumina together constitute the backbone of composition of glass phase. If the content of sodium oxide in raw material reduces from 1.37% to 0.65%, the glass phase number was significantly reduced from 21.5% to 12%. However, increasing sodium content obviously reduces the viscosity of the glass phase, so it is an ideal range when the content of sodium is less than 1%.

From the view of pollution to glass liquid and improvement of glass phase, iron oxide, titanium, calcium, magnesium and other impurities, the less the better. These increases in the number will increase the number of glass phase, while reducing the viscosity of the glass, which is not only pollute the glass products and affect the product service life. Iron oxide, titanium content is controlled at less than 0.2%.

In a word, the good quality fused cast AZS block is that has the lowest level pollution to glass liquid and longest service life.

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Operation And Maintenance Of Glass Furnace

The reasonable operating system of glass furnace is an important guarantee for prolonging the service life of the furnace and obtaining the high quality products. The operation of the furnace must be carried out strictly in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the process.

When the furnace is put into operation, we must always pay attention to the maintenance. This can not only prolong the service life of glass furnace, but also improve the quality of the glass. Not only the reasonable design and good construction for glass furnace can prolong the service life of glass furnace, if you pay more attention to strengthen the maintenance inspection, and make it to be included in the regular operation specification, the service life of glass furnace can be extended to 20%~30%.

It is an important work to inspect the whole furnace in a regular time (e.g., weekly or monthly). Roughly estimate the erosion of breast wall, screen wall, side wall brick and checker brick, such as fused cast azs block, zircon brick, magnesia brick, fire clay brick, fused cast alumina brick, etc., observe the expansion and cracking of various parts of the furnace, and do a detailed inspection record, which is helpful to analyze the damage degree of different parts of the furnace and take measures in time to repair.

If the glass furnace need to be repaired, the preparations for the Overhaul is as below,

1. Must carry on the comprehensive careful inspection and the analysis to the entire furnace, Such as the judgment of repairs of steel structure, feeding port, pool side wall, bridge wall, dog hole, crown, regenerator chamber. Analyze the corrosion loss of each parts which use refractory and determine the part and extent which is needed to repair and the material where is required to be changed during the overhaul.

2. The system network technology is used to compile the detailed plan of the overhaul. Determine the date for the release, the end of the discharge, the date of stopping the furnace to cool and the beginning time to detach the furnace. Formulate the work schedule and personnel of the various parts of the kiln body.

3. During the preparation of construction schedule, the material and various tools during overhaul plan is also needed to prepare. Formulate plans for the development of safety and labor protection products.

4. Hold a major overhaul work meeting regularly, check the implementation of the work and the progress of the implementation situation, and timely adjust the arrangement.

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cracks of magnesia brick

No matter what kind of magnesia brick, different degrees of crack will be produced in the drying process. There are two types of cracks of magnesia brick, one is mechanical crack, and another is non mechanical crack.

Under normal circumstances, the direction and location characteristics of mechanical crack are obvious, intuitive, crack longer and clearly visible. Mechanical cracking is because the body is subject to the impact of a collision, vibration caused by pressing. Mechanical crack is caused by the impact of the body and the vibration caused by the press.

Non mechanical crack, the form of its expression is varied, generally speaking, the direction is not so obvious. But quite a lot of time, non mechanical crack, the location of the crack is also more regular; therefore, it can not be simply considered that as long as the obvious direction is mechanical cracking. In many times, mechanical crack and non mechanical crack are easily confused and easy to make people wrongly judgment and cause significant losses, so this must be paid the special attention to the problem.

The basic reason for billet cracking during drying process of magnesia brick is as below,

1. There is no full understanding of the characteristics of the three stages which are equilibrium temperature, low temperature and high temperature during the drying process, and the requirements of drying technology.

2. Hot air supply is short and Body can not be fully dry

3. The drying temperature curve is not reasonable which could not meet the requirements of the temperature curve of the billet during the drying process.

4. Wet control is not good, and the temperature of each section is not reasonable in the drying kiln which is failed to meet the requirements of the temperature of the body drying temperature.

5. Hot air and wet air is not uniform which cause temperature difference in dry kiln and thermal shocks in some place, so the thermal stress caused by this way can cause the body to break and cause the billet crack.

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Bottom Erosion Of Glass Furnace

With the rapid development of furnace industry, in recent years, tank bottom of glass furnace in some glass factory is often reported to have leakage event. The main reasons of leakage is that the bottom structure of the pool is not effective to prevent the drilling of glass liquid or caused by metal particles which drill down and cause erosion. So tank bottom which can prevent glass liquid from drilling up and metal particles from drilling down is required. Both the two types corrosion mentioned above are caused by free interface layer at the interface of three species, in normal circumstances, these three species are refractory bricks (fused cast azs block, zircon brick, mullite brick, etc.), glass liquid, and air bubble or metal.

When glass liquid flows under pave brick of tank, air bubbles will be produced, then these bubbles will go up to erode the upper refractory bricks, such as fused cast azs block. The bubble is very important, if the bubble trend is big, the erosion is big.

The initial erosion point caused by bubble is in the horizontal gap between the layers. If the pave brick is single, the erosion point is between pave brick and sealing layer. The erosion in the vertical joints is less than that of the horizontal joints. However, as a result of glass liquid flowing through the vertical joints to horizontal joints, so pave brick, joints and sealing layer should be combined to form the whole closed integral which can effectively prevent the glass fluid from flowing into the horizontal seam.