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In General
So, in general:
an tells you to multiply a by itself, so there are n of those a's:
Other Way of Writing It
Sometimes people use the ^ symbol (just above the 6 on your keyboard), because it is easy to type.
Example: 2^4 is the same as 24
2^4 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16
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Exponents
The exponent of a number says how many times to use the number in a multiplication.
In 82 the "2" says to use 8 twice in a multiplication, so 82 = 8 × 8 = 64
Exponents are also called Powers or Indices.
In words: 82 could be called "8 to the power 2" or "8 to the second power", or simply "8 squared"
Some more examples:
Example: 53 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 125
In words: 53 could be called "5 to the third power", "5 to the power 3" or simply "5 cubed"
Example: 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16
In words: 24 could be called "2 to the fourth power" or "2 to the power 4" or simply "2 to the 4th"
Exponents make it easier to write and use many multiplications
Example: 96 is easier to write and read than 9 × 9 × 9 × 9 × 9 × 9
You can multiply any number by itself as many times as you want using exponents.
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Why did we add 2 to both sides?
To "keep the balance"...
Add 2 to Left SideAdd 2 to Right Side AlsoIn BalanceOut of Balance!In Balance Again
Just remember this:
To keep the balance, what you do to one side of the "=" you should also do to the other side!
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How to Solve
Algebra is just like a puzzle where you start with something like "x-2 = 4" and you want to end up with something like "x = 6".
But instead of saying "obviously x=6", use this neat step-by-step approach:
Work out what to remove to get "x = ..."
Remove it by doing the opposite (adding is the opposite of subtracting)
Do that to both sides
Here is an example:
We want to remove the "-2"To remove it, do the opposite, in this case add 2:Do it to both sides:Which is ...Solved!
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A Puzzle
What is the missing number?
-2=4
OK, the answer is 6, right? Because 6 - 2 = 4. Easy stuff.
Well, in Algebra we don't use blank boxes, we use a letter (usually an x or y, but any letter is fine). So we would write:
x-2=4
It is really that simple. The letter (in this case an x) just means "we don't know this yet", and is often called theunknown or the variable.
And when you solve it you write:
x=6
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Names
Other names used in subtraction are Minus, Less, Difference, Decrease, Take Away, Deduct.
The names of the numbers in a subtraction fact are:
Minuend - Subtrahend = Difference
Minuend: The number that is to be subtracted from.
Subtrahend: The number that is to be subtracted.
Difference: The result of subtracting one number from another.
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Addition for Kiddies
View here!
Count From A Number Upwards
Example: 6 + 3
Think "6 ... 7, 8, 9"
Hint: start from the larger number.
Example: 2 + 6
HARDStart from 2 and count 6:Think "2 ... 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8"EASYStart from 6 and count 2:
Think "6 ... 7, 8"
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